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Harvest interval for phytomass production of peppermint transplanted in summer and winter
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to determine the appropriate harvest interval for the phytomass production of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) transplanted in summer and winter. Two experiments were carried out in soilless cultivation, one with transplantation in summer and the other with transplantation in winter, in a completely randomized design, with five harvest intervals (30, 45, 60, 72, and 90 days) and four replicates. Fresh and dry matter weights of leaves, branches and shoots were determined. The fresh matter weight of peppermint leaves and the daily growth rate of this trait were similar between the harvest intervals for the transplantation performed in the summer. The dry matter weight of leaves was higher for the intervals of 72 days (90.80 g plant-1) and 90 days (90.24 g plant-1). For the transplantation performed in winter, the fresh matter and dry matter weights of leaves were higher for the intervals of 60 days (660.54 g plant-1, 107.14 g plant-1) and 90 days (630.40 g plant-1, 105.95 g plant-1). The same was observed for the daily growth rates of these traits. Peppermint harvests at 60-day intervals in winter transplantation are more appropriate for phytomass production. In summer transplantation, one can opt for the 45-day interval.The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate harvest interval for the phytomass production of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) transplanted in summer and winter. Two experiments were carried out in soilless cultivation, one with transplantation in summer and the other with transplantation in winter, in a completely randomized design, with five harvest intervals (30, 45, 60, 72, and 90 days) and four replicates. Fresh and dry matter weights of leaves, branches and shoots were determined. The fresh matter weight of peppermint leaves and the daily growth rate of this trait were similar between the harvest intervals for the transplantation performed in the summer. The dry matter weight of leaves was higher for the intervals of 72 days (90.80 g plant-1) and 90 days (90.24 g plant-1). For the transplantation performed in winter, the fresh matter and dry matter weights of leaves were higher for the intervals of 60 days (660.54 g plant-1, 107.14 g plant-1) and 90 days (630.40 g plant-1, 105.95 g plant-1). The same was observed for the daily growth rates of these traits. Peppermint harvests at 60-day intervals in winter transplantation are more appropriate for phytomass production. In summer transplantation, one can opt for the 45-day interval
A contribution to the physicochemical characterization of Eugenia involucrata DC. fruits to estimate genetic variability
Get PDFBrazil has one of the greatest diversities in native fruit trees, but many species, despite the great environmental and economic potential for small farms, are little studied, such as the cherry-of-the-rio-grande (Eugenia involucrata DC.). The hypothesis of this research was that there is a high genetic diversity due to the propagation by seeds, occurring genotypes that produce better quality fruits which can be used to implement genetic improvement programs and the production of seedlings with better productive performance. So, this study aimed to characterize fruits of this species\u27 genotypes and to evaluate the genetic divergence applying multivariate analysis techniques. Genotypes of different ages found in rural and urban areas of the municipality of Serafina Corrêa, Rio Grande do Sul, were evaluated, with 50 genotypes in 2018 and 38 genotypes in 2019, since twelve did not bear fruit. Data were submitted to determine the mean and standard deviation. To assess genetic diversity, the relative contribution of characters was determined by the Singh method; the average Euclidean distance standardized matrix (UPGMA) and dendrograms were generated; and Tocher\u27s optimization method was applied. Results showed that UPGMA and Tocher clustering methods are more efficient in representing the diversity between genotypes. Fruits characteristics varied from one year to another, due to the combination of biotic and abiotic factors (water regime), resulting in changes of characters with greater contribution in the divergence and formation of similar groups. The content of total soluble solids (TSS) in 2018 and fruit mass in 2019 harvest were characters that most contributed to the genetic divergence. It was concluded that the physicochemical characters of fruits revealed the existence of genetic divergence among genotypes, allowing the selection of agronomically superior plants.O Brasil possui uma das maiores diversidades em frutíferas nativas, mas inúmeras espécies, apesar do grande potencial ambiental e econômico para as pequenas propriedades, são pouco pesquisadas, como a cerejeira-do-rio-grande (Eugenia involucrata DC.). A hipótese desta pesquisa foi de que existe alta diversidade genética, pela propagação por sementes, ocorrendo genótipos produtores de frutos de melhor qualidade, que podem ser utilizados para implementar programas de melhoramento genético e a produção de mudas de melhor desempenho produtivo. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar os frutos de genótipos da espécie e avaliar a divergência genética empregando técnicas de análise multivariada. Foram avaliados genótipos de diferentes idades que se encontravam no meio rural e urbano do município de Serafina Corrêa, Rio Grande do Sul, sendo 50 genótipos em 2018 e 38 genótipos em 2019, pois doze não frutificaram. Os dados foram submetidos à determinação da média e o desvio padrão da média. Para avaliar a diversidade genética foi determinada a contribuição relativa dos caracteres pelo método de Singh; gerada a matriz de distância euclidiana média padronizada (UPGMA) e os dendrogramas; e aplicado o método de otimização de Tocher. Os resultados mostraram que os métodos de agrupamento UPGMA e Tocher são mais eficientes em representar a diversidade entre genótipos. As características dos frutos variaram de um ano para outro, por efeito da combinação de fatores bióticos e abióticos (regime hídrico), resultando em mudanças nos caracteres de maior contribuição na divergência e formação dos grupos similares. O teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), na safra 2018, e a massa fresca dos frutos, na safra 2019, foram os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética. Concluiu-se que os caracteres físico-químicos dos frutos revelaram a existência de divergência genética entre genótipos, permitindo a seleção de plantas agronomicamente superiores
Vermiculite and shading in the formation of \u27Rangpur\u27 lime rootstock
Get PDF‘Rangpur’ lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck cv. Cravo) is widely used as a rootstock for citrus seedlings, although factors such as luminosity and substrate composition are extremely important to obtain quality seedlings. The objective of this study was to analyze the formation of ‘Rangpur’ lime seedlings grown in different substrates and luminosities. A 3x4 factorial arrangement was used in an RBD with four replications of twelve plants. Three luminosities (full sun, 35%, and 70% shading) and four substrate: vermiculite proportions were tested (S1-1: 0, S2-2: 1, S3-1: 2, and S4-0: 1). The seeds were sown in 280 cm3 tubes and emergence was evaluated every two days for 30 days, and biometric assessments at 30, 60, 90, and 120 DAE by measuring the height, diameter, leaves, and mortality. Root length and shoot and root dry mass were measured at 30 and 120 days. Seeds in full sun showed high ESI values and a shorter time period, as well as high mortality at 120 DAE. Highly shaded environments cause etiolation and reduce biomass accumulation and the DQI. Seeds in S4 showed lower results for most variables. It is recommended to use 35% shading associated with the substrate proportions S1, S2, and S3.‘Rangpur’ lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck cv. Cravo) is widely used as a rootstock for citrus seedlings, although factors such as luminosity and substrate composition are extremely important to obtain quality seedlings. The objective of this study was to analyze the formation of ‘Rangpur’ lime seedlings grown in different substrates and luminosities. A 3x4 factorial arrangement was used in an RBD with four replications of twelve plants. Three luminosities (full sun, 35%, and 70% shading) and four substrate: vermiculite proportions were tested (S1-1: 0, S2-2: 1, S3-1: 2, and S4-0: 1). The seeds were sown in 280 cm3 tubes and emergence was evaluated every two days for 30 days, and biometric assessments at 30, 60, 90, and 120 DAE by measuring the height, diameter, leaves, and mortality. Root length and shoot and root dry mass were measured at 30 and 120 days. Seeds in full sun showed high ESI values and a shorter time period, as well as high mortality at 120 DAE. Highly shaded environments cause etiolation and reduce biomass accumulation and the DQI. Seeds in S4 showed lower results for most variables. It is recommended to use 35% shading associated with the substrate proportions S1, S2, and S3
Production and selection of accessions of Opuntia spp. with resistance to false carmine cochineal
Get PDFThe genetic improvement program for Opuntia spp. aims to select new genotypes to meet the demands of rural producers in the Brazilian Semiarid region and to expand the genetic base of the crop. The aim of this study was to select accessions of Opuntia spp. with foraging potential and resistance to false cochineal carmine. The research was carried out at the Active Germplasm Bank (BAG) of Opuntia spp. of Paraíba Company Research, Rural Extension and Land Regularization (EMPAER), Pendência Experimental Station, Soledade, Paraíba, Brazil. Accessions were cultivated in rainfed and evaluated in August 2019, 12 months after the implementation of the BAG. The measurement of the Total Green Mass weight of the plants of 121 accessions of the BAG was carried out and the productivity (ton/ha-1) was estimated in a dense cultivation of 100 thousand plants/ha-1. The accessions of Opuntia spp. nº 10, 110, 115 and 119 have growing potential in the Brazilian Semiarid region, as a function of productivity (532.6, 118, 164 and 481 tons/ha-1, respectively) and resistance to false carmine cochineal, in addition to genetic divergence (specific agronomic characteristics) in relation to currently cultivated varieties.The genetic improvement program for Opuntia spp. aims to select new genotypes to meet the demands of rural producers in the Brazilian Semiarid region and to expand the genetic base of the crop. The aim of this study was to select accessions of Opuntia spp. with foraging potential and resistance to false cochineal carmine. The research was carried out at the Active Germplasm Bank (BAG) of Opuntia spp. of Paraíba Company Research, Rural Extension and Land Regularization (EMPAER), Pendência Experimental Station, Soledade, Paraíba, Brazil. Accessions were cultivated in rainfed and evaluated in August 2019, 12 months after the implementation of the BAG. The measurement of the Total Green Mass weight of the plants of 121 accessions of the BAG was carried out and the productivity (ton/ha-1) was estimated in a dense cultivation of 100 thousand plants/ha-1. The accessions of Opuntia spp. nº 10, 110, 115 and 119 have growing potential in the Brazilian Semiarid region, as a function of productivity (532.6, 118, 164 and 481 tons/ha-1, respectively) and resistance to false carmine cochineal, in addition to genetic divergence (specific agronomic characteristics) in relation to currently cultivated varieties
Growth and mineral nutrition of banana seedlings cv. Grand Naine inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Get PDFThis study aimed to verify the influence of FMAs on the levels of macro and micronutrients, and growth of micropropagated banana seedlings submitted to doses of P. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement, with factors inoculation with AMFs (G. clarum, G. margarita, G. albida and C. etunicatum and the control without AMF) and P doses (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1). The association of different species of FMAs can favor the growth of banana seedlings, with greater nutrition. The application of P doses provided greater growth of the micropropagated banana seedlings, regardless of inoculation with AMF. Seedling production associated with G. margarita can favor the growth of plants submitted to low doses of P applied to the soil. The interaction of G. clarum with Musa spp. seedling production does not seem to favor plant growth. Mycorrhizal colonization together with phosphate fertilization contributed to the quality of banana seedlings. The inoculation with C. etunicatum favored the increase of K contents in the aerial part of the plants. The increase in P doses decreased the levels of N and S in all treatments. It caused a reduction in the leaf contents of Mn, B and Fe. The doses of P did not interfere in the leaf contents of Cu and Zn. The FMAs favored the levels of Cu, Zn, Mn and B in banana leaves; favored the increments of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn contents in banana seedlings, varying with the doses of P.This study aimed to verify the influence of FMAs on the levels of macro and micronutrients, and growth of micropropagated banana seedlings submitted to doses of P. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement, with factors inoculation with AMFs (G. clarum, G. margarita, G. albida and C. etunicatum and the control without AMF) and P doses (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1). The association of different species of FMAs can favor the growth of banana seedlings, with greater nutrition. The application of P doses provided greater growth of the micropropagated banana seedlings, regardless of inoculation with AMF. Seedling production associated with G. margarita can favor the growth of plants submitted to low doses of P applied to the soil. The interaction of G. clarum with Musa spp. seedling production does not seem to favor plant growth. Mycorrhizal colonization together with phosphate fertilization contributed to the quality of banana seedlings. The inoculation with C. etunicatum favored the increase of K contents in the aerial part of the plants. The increase in P doses decreased the levels of N and S in all treatments. It caused a reduction in the leaf contents of Mn, B and Fe. The doses of P did not interfere in the leaf contents of Cu and Zn. The FMAs favored the levels of Cu, Zn, Mn and B in banana leaves; favored the increments of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn contents in banana seedlings, varying with the doses of P
Technical feasibility of minicutting of different portions of the branch to produce clonal seedlings of Aloysia citrodora
No full textSeedling production using the minicutting technique enables quick and efficient plants formation. However, there are no reports of application for Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena) and the ideal portion of the branch. This study aimed to evaluate the production of seedlings from minicuttings taken from different parts of the branch.The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design. Three treatments consisted of minicuttings taken from other branch portions (basal, median, and apical), divided into two experiments (Exp1 and Exp2).Exp1 was carried out in a sub-irrigation system in phenolic foam, evaluating rooting percentage, length of the longest root, root number, number of shoots, number of leaves, and total dry mass. Exp2 used the minicuttings from the previous experiment, kept for another 35 days in pots to assess the quality of the seedlings, evaluating plant length, number of shoots, and leaves. For Exp1, 35 days after cutting, there was a higher percentage of survival, size of the longest root, number of the root, number of shoots, number of leaves, and total dry mass, in those minicuttings produced from the basal and median portions, being the exact behavior of Exp2, 35 days after transplantation to pots. The minicutting proved to be an efficient method for producing Aloysia citrodoraseedlings, when removed from the basal or median portion, standing out for a higher percentage of survival, better growth, and initial development and post-transplantation of the produced seedlings.Seedling production using the minicutting technique enables quick and efficient plants formation. However, there are no reports of application for Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena) and the ideal portion of the branch. This study aimed to evaluate the production of seedlings from minicuttings taken from different parts of the branch.The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design. Three treatments consisted of minicuttings taken from other branch portions (basal, median, and apical), divided into two experiments (Exp1 and Exp2).Exp1 was carried out in a sub-irrigation system in phenolic foam, evaluating rooting percentage, length of the longest root, root number, number of shoots, number of leaves, and total dry mass. Exp2 used the minicuttings from the previous experiment, kept for another 35 days in pots to assess the quality of the seedlings, evaluating plant length, number of shoots, and leaves. For Exp1, 35 days after cutting, there was a higher percentage of survival, size of the longest root, number of the root, number of shoots, number of leaves, and total dry mass, in those minicuttings produced from the basal and median portions, being the exact behavior of Exp2, 35 days after transplantation to pots. The minicutting proved to be an efficient method for producing Aloysia citrodoraseedlings, when removed from the basal or median portion, standing out for a higher percentage of survival, better growth, and initial development and post-transplantation of the produced seedlings
Yield and postharvest quality of \u27common\u27 arrowroot plants subjected to biofertilization
Get PDFA araruta ( Maranta Arundinaceae L.) é uma hortaliça não convencional com grande potencial econômico, mas pouco conhecimento quanto à sua nutrição mineral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e a pós-colheita de araruta \u27comum\u27 submetida a diferentes fontes e doses de fertilizantes orgânicos. O experimento em parcelas subdivididas foi disposto em quatro blocos de duas parcelas principais, cada uma dividida em cinco subparcelas. As fontes de fertilizantes (esterco bovino e ovino) foram aplicadas nas parcelas principais, sendo cinco doses de cada fertilizante líquido (0; 300; 600; 900 e 1.200 mL planta -1 semana -1) foram aplicados às subparcelas. Número de rizomas (NR), massa fresca dos rizomas (FMR), massa seca dos rizomas (DMR), peso médio do rizoma (ARW), rendimento do rizoma (RY), comprimento do rizoma (RL) e diâmetro do rizoma (RD) foram medidos . Melhores resultados para RY, FMR e RL de plantas de araruta \u27comum\u27 foram observados para o biofertilizante bovino em comparação com o biofertilizante ovino. Doses de fertilizantes variando de 737 a 1.200 mL planta -1 semana -1 são recomendadas para maximizar o rendimento e a qualidade pós-colheita da araruta \u27comum\u27. RY de 212,51 t ha -1 e 207,1 th -1 foram obtidos quando 1.200 mL planta -1 semana -1 de esterco bovino e ovino foram aplicados em plantas de araruta cultivadas em vasos, respectivamente
Essential oil chemotypes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivated in four different farmers in Southwest of Paraná State - Brazil
Get PDFTurmeric (Curcuma longa L.) has economic value for its medicinal and nutritional properties. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and phytochemical profile of essential oil (EO) from turmeric rhizomes produced by family farmers in rural communities in Francisco Beltrão – PR, and soil microbiological quality from those farmers. Four turmeric farmers from the communities of São Braz, Rio Tuna, Rio Saudade and Nova Sessão were selected. Soil samples and rhizomes of turmeric were collected and subsequently evaluated for soil microbial biomass carbon, soil basal respiration and soil metabolic quotient and EO yield of rhizomes by hydrodistillation. After, EO yield (%) was calculated and the chemical identification by GC/MS. The Nova Sessão community had better soil microbiological quality, whereas the EO yield (3.02%) was higher for the Rio Tuna community. The four rural communities showed good results for the EO yield (ranging from 1.68 to 3.02% and compared to the literature, which ranged from 0.2 to 5.27%), with the São Braz community, showing a significant reduction and the Rio Tuna community had the highest EO yield. Also was observed variation in the major EO chemical compounds, e.g.: ar-turmerone (44.27 to 64.21%), curlone (12.27 to 20.83%), α-zingiberene (1.30 to 15.97%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (1.24 to 10.07%). It is concluded that among the four communities studied, there was significant variation in the EO yield and differences in EO quality of turmeric, especially in the major components ar-turmerone and α-zingiberene
Determining the preliminary performance of selected Annonaceae cultivars in subtropical conditions
Get PDFPlants phenology is extremely important tool for crop management, crop manipulation, and marketing. The objective of this research was to investigate the phenology and fruit quality of the several Annonaceae species under subtropical conditions of Homestead, Florida, USA. The study was carried out in an experimental sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.), orchard with cultivars: \u27LeahReese\u27, \u27Lessard Thai\u27 and \u27Red\u27 and the atemoya ‘Gefner’ (A. cherimola x A. squamosa L). Ten uniformly vigorous and healthy plants of each cultivar were selected. The fruit harvest period was similar for all the cultivars, except for sugar-apple \u27LeahReese\u27, which had the shortest harvest period of only 41 days. Multivariate analysis showed that \u27Lessard Thai\u27 and \u27Red\u27 sugar apple cultivars had smaller sizes and lower chemical quality. Cultivar "LeahResse" had the highest fruits, in addition, a strong correlation with the atemoya hybrid "Gefner". The sugar apples ‘Lessard Thai’ and \u27Red\u27 had similar phenology and had a 166-day pruning to harvest cycle. In contrast, \u27LeahReese\u27 sugar apple and \u27Gefner\u27 atemoya had significantly longer cycles of 182 and 196 days, respectively. The sugar apple \u27LeahReese\u27 had the best physical characteristics of the cultivars investigated, while the atemoya \u27Gefner\u27 had the best physiochemical characteristics and the longest shelf life
Alterações fisiológicas do pimentão sob soluções nutritivas preparadas com águas salobras e concentrações de H2O2
No full textThe adoption of strategies to mitigate the negative effects of excess salts in irrigation water is essential for maintaining productive systems, especially in semiarid regions. The objective was to evaluate the gas exchange and chloroplast pigments of hydroponic bell pepper under combinations of water (saline and rain) and exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The experiment was developed in a protected environment belonging to the Agricultural Engineering Academic Unit, in a completely randomized experimental design, with treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with 5 replications, consisting of the mixture between brackish water (BW) and rain water (RW): C1 = 10% BW + 90% RW; C2 = 20% BW + 80% RW; C3 = 30% BW + 70% RW; C4 = 40% BW + 60% RW) and three concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) [0.0 (control); 7.5 µM and 15 µM]. The application of 15.0 μM H2O2 in bell pepper plants cultivated with nutrient solution in the combinations 30% SW + 70% RW and 40% BW + 60% RW between brackish water and rainwater promoted an increase in photosynthesis 24 days after the sowing while. At 61 days after sowing, the highest values of gs and E of bell pepper grown with nutritive solution in the combinations 10% BW + 90% RW were obtained with the application of 15.0 μM H2O2. The levels of chlorophyll “a”, “b”, total and carotenoids in bell pepper had the deleterious effects caused by the salinity of the nutrient solution mitigated by the exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 15 μM.Os recursos hídricos da região semiárida comumente possuem elevadas concentrações de sais, comprometendo a qualidade da água para agricultura. Frente a estes problemas a adoção de estratégias para mitigação desses efeitos negativos torna-se fundamental para manutenção dos sistemas produtivos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar as trocas gasosas do pimentão hidropônico sob diferentes combinações de águas (salobra e de chuva) e aplicação exógena de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), em experimento desenvolvido em ambiente protegido pertencente à Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado, com 12 tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com 5 repetições, consistindo de quatro combinações entre água salobra e água de chuva (10%/90%; 20%/80%; 30%/70%;40%/60%) e três concentrações de H2O2 [0,0 (Controle); 7,5 μM; 15 μM. A aplicação de 15,0 μM de H2O2 em plantas de pimentão cultivadas com solução nutritiva nas combinações (30%/70%) e (40%/60%) entre água salobra e água de chuva promoveu incremento da fotossíntese aos 24 dias após a semeadura enquanto, aos 61 dias incrementa o estresse. Aos 61 dias após a semeadura os maiores valores de gs e E do pimentão cultivado com solução nutritiva de condutividade elétrica igual a 2,72 dS m-1 (10%/90%) foram obtidos com a aplicação de 15,0 μM de H2O2. Os teores de clorofila “a”, “b”, total e carotenoides do pimentão tiveram os efeitos deletérios causados pela salinidade da solução nutritiva mitigado pela aplicação exógena de peróxido de hidrogênio na concentração de 15 μM