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Sources and rates of organic substrates in the production of pear Cascatense on quince ‘CP’
No full textThe nutritional state of cultivated plants can be influenced, due to the poultry litter doses and basalt powder, thus affecting its proper growth. This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional efficiency of pear, cultivated in different poultry litter doses and basalt powder. The experiment was conducted in the orchard of the fruit growing sector of the Department of Agronomy at the Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava- PR, in 2010, spaced 2.5 x 0.5 m, with the following treatments in the planting hole and reapplied in August of 2012: T1) without fertilization; T2) 2 kg of poultry litter; T3) 2 kg of poultry litter + 2 kg of basalt powder; T4) 4 kg of poultry litter; T5) 4 kg of poultry litter + 2 kg of basalt powder. Samples of the root system, and the shoot segmented in side branches and trunk were collected in January / 2014 (1,190 days) for chemical analysis of nutrient content and dry matter. With these results were calculated the indexes: absorption efficiency; transport efficiency and nutrient utilization efficiency. The treatment 4 kg of poultry litter, result in a higher absorption efficiency ratio for N, and higher utilization efficiency index for S. The transport efficiency suffered a little variation due to the used doses.
 
Foliar application of titanium on potato crop
Get PDFAlthough titanium (Ti) is not considered a nutrient, researches demonstrate that Ti leaf application can provide beneficial effects on plants growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of foliar applications of Ti levels on the metabolism, nutrient uptake and yield of potato crop, Agate cultivar. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were composed of 0, 10.2, 15.3, 20.4 and 22.9 g Ti ha-1, divided into three applications during the growth stage, tuberization stage and tuber filling stage. Foliar applications of Ti increase the chlorophyll content (Spad value) in the tuber filling stage. Ti levels do not interfere with N, Zn and Cu nutrient accumulation. Increasing Ti levels linearly reduce the Mn, lipid peroxidation (PL) and urease content and increase the activity of peroxidase (POD), nitrate reductase (ANR), catalase (CAT), proline and Fe content in the growth stage, with maximum level around 3 to 6 g Ti ha-1. In the tuberization stage, at high levels of Ti, there is an increase in urease activity and CAT while ANR has its lowest value. In the tuber filling stage, high Ti levels are related to high Fe, Mn, high ANR and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and low PL activity. The ideal level of titanium applied by leaf for greater yield of tubers is 11.3 g of Ti ha-1
Development of chia plants in field conditions at different sowing-date
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to characterize the development of chia plants sown at different dates, and to determine the relation between the duration of the development cycle and the final number of leaves and the leaf appearance rate on the main stem. A field experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 2016/2017 in five sowing dates (09/22/16, 10/28/16, 01/03/17, 02/08/17 and 03/24/17) in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the central region of the RS, Brazil. A randomized block design with four replicates was used. For each sowing date, the duration of the vegetative and reproductive phases in days and in °C day (Tb = 11 °C), the final number of leaves and the phyllochron of the main stem were determined. The duration of the vegetative phase of chia plants in days and in ºC day varies between the sowing dates, with shorter duration in late sowings in response to the photoperiod reduction. The vegetative phase represents the largest part of the total development cycle in early sowing dates, being overcome by the reproductive phase in late sowing dates (02/08/17 and 03/24/17). The phyllochron for chia varies from 36.23 (very late sowing) to 59.88 ºC day (early sowing). Later sowing has a smaller final number of leaves accumulated in the main stem due to the shorter duration of the vegetative phase.The objective of this study was to characterize the development of chia plants sown at different dates, and to determine the relation between the duration of the development cycle and the final number of leaves and the leaf appearance rate on the main stem. A field experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 2016/2017 in five sowing dates (09/22/16, 10/28/16, 01/03/17, 02/08/17 and 03/24/17) in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the central region of the RS, Brazil. A randomized block design with four replicates was used. For each sowing date, the duration of the vegetative and reproductive phases in days and in °C day (Tb = 11 °C), the final number of leaves and the phyllochron of the main stem were determined. The duration of the vegetative phase of chia plants in days and in ºC day varies between the sowing dates, with shorter duration in late sowings in response to the photoperiod reduction. The vegetative phase represents the largest part of the total development cycle in early sowing dates, being overcome by the reproductive phase in late sowing dates (02/08/17 and 03/24/17). The phyllochron for chia varies from 36.23 (very late sowing) to 59.88 ºC day (early sowing). Later sowing has a smaller final number of leaves accumulated in the main stem due to the shorter duration of the vegetative phase
Production of cucumber cultivars according to the accumulated thermal sum
Get PDFCucumber is a species appreciated in cooking, in addition to providing various nutrients for health. In view of this, it is important that research on its growth is carried out, prioritizing statistical analyzes that effectively demonstrate the results. The objective was to verify the differences by analyzing of the variance and nonlinear models, in addition to characterizing the production, early production and production rate of cultivars of cucumber using of nonlinear models. An experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), with three cultivars (‘Atlantico’, ‘Caipira’ and ‘Fuyu’) in six replications. Two types of analysis of variance were performed for the variable mass of cucumber fruits. In the first the RBD design was considered with three cultivars and six replications and in the second the RBD design was considered in a split subdivided over time (cultivars x harvests). Afterwards, the Logistic growth model was adjusted for the fruit mass variable as a function of accumulated thermal sum, and determination of the critical points of the model. The use of nonlinear models to evaluate experiments with cultures of multiple harvests has advantages in relation to anova and complementary tests. The cultivar ‘Fuyu’, has higher productivity compared to the cultivars ‘Atlantico’ and ‘Caipira’, in addition to presenting greater precocity and production rate. The adjustment of the logistic model and its critical points allowed to identify the production, precocity and production rate of the evaluated cultivars of the cucumber
Indução de tolerância com ácido salicílico em maracujazeiro-azedo irrigado com águas de diferentes composições catiônicas
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the physiological indices, growth, and seedling quality of the sour passion fruit cv. BRS SC1 as a function of irrigation with water of different cationic natures and exogenous application of salicylic acid. The experiment was conducted under plant nursery conditions at the CCTA/UFCG, Campus Pombal-PB, using a randomized block design set up in a 6 × 4 factorial arrangement referring to six cationic compositions of irrigation water (S1 – control, S2 - Na+, S3 - Ca2+, S4 - Na+ + Ca2+, S5 - Mg2+, and S6 - Na+ + Ca2+ + Mg2+) and four concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mM), with three replications and two plants per plot. In the control treatment (S1), the plants were irrigated with the electrical conductivity level of 0.3 dS m-1, whereas the other treatments (S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6) used water with 4.0 dS m-1 obtained based on different cations, all in the form of chloride. The exogenous application of salicylic acid increased the content of chlorophyll b in the sour passion fruit seedlings. Salt stress negatively affected seedling growth. Seedling quality was affected by the electrical conductivity of irrigation water regardless of the cationic nature. Although showing reductions, the seedlings produced under high salinity showed a satisfactory Dickson quality index. The genotype cv. BRS SC1 is considered tolerant to salinity when irrigated with water salinized by Na+, Ca2+, Na+ + Ca2+, and Na+ + Ca2+ + Mg2+, and moderately tolerant when irrigated with water salinized by Mg2+.Objetivou-se avaliar os índices fisiológicos, o crescimento, e a qualidade de mudas de maracujazeiro-azedo ‘BRS SC1’ em função da irrigação com águas de diferentes naturezas catiônicas e aplicação exógena de ácido salicílico. O experimento foi conduzido sob condições de casa de vegetação, pertencente ao CCTA/UFCG, Campus de Pombal-PB, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados com arranjo fatorial 6 × 4, sendo seis composições catiônicas da água de irrigação (S1 - Testemunha; S2 - Na+; S3 - Ca2+; S4 - Na+ + Ca2+; S5 - Mg2+ e S6 - Na+ + Ca2+ + Mg2+), e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico - AS (0; 1,0; 2,0 e 3,0 mM) com três repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Na testemunha (S1), as plantas foram irrigadas com água de condutividade elétrica de 0,3 dS m-1 enquanto se utilizou, nos demais tratamentos (S2; S3; S4; S5 e S6) água com 4,0 dS m-1, obtida a partir de diferentes cátions, todos em forma de cloreto. A aplicação exógena de ácido salicílico aumentou o teor de clorofila b nas mudas de maracujazeiro-azedo. O estresse salino afetou negativamente o crescimento das plantas de maracujazeiro. A qualidade das mudas foi afetada pela condutividade elétrica da água, independente da natureza catiônica. Apesar de causar redução, as mudas produzidas sob elevado nível salino apresentou índice satisfatórios. O genótipo ’BRS SC1’ é considerado tolerante à salinidade quando irrigado com água salinizada por Na+; Ca2+; Na+ + Ca2+; Na+ + Ca2+ + Mg2+, e moderadamente tolerante quando irrigado com água salinizada por Mg2+
Initial growth of Calendula officinalis L. plants treated with paclobutrazol
Get PDFCalendula officinalis L. is largely used in composition in beds and like cutted flowers. On the other hand, the height (30 – 60 cm), difficult the cultivate and sales like potted plant, owing to the tipping of pots and for the disposition of plants on the tables. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a vegetal regulator that reduces the growth of plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial growth of C. officinalis L. treated with PBZ. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the Floriculture Sector, of Agronomy Department, of Universidade Federal de Viçosa in October a November of 2020. The experiment was conducted in complety randomized desing and treatments were control, 2500, 5000, 7500 e 10000 ppm of PBZ doses with five repetitions. Two applications of PBZ doses were realized, being the first 15 days and the second 30 days after transplantation. Plant height, leaf area, stem length and diameter, root length, leaves number and photosynthetic pigments were quantified. PBZ, regardless of concentration, reduced plant heigth, leaf area, stem length, and diameter. Root length, leaves number and photossyntetic pigments did not significant among doses aplied. The initial growth of C. officinalis L. was reduced with PBZ doses.Calendula officinalis L. is largely used in composition in beds and like cutted flowers. On the other hand, the height (30 – 60 cm), difficult the cultivate and sales like potted plant, owing to the tipping of pots and for the disposition of plants on the tables. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a vegetal regulator that reduces the growth of plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial growth of C. officinalis L. treated with PBZ. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the Floriculture Sector, of Agronomy Department, of Universidade Federal de Viçosa in October a November of 2020. The experiment was conducted in complety randomized desing and treatments were control, 2500, 5000, 7500 e 10000 ppm of PBZ doses with five repetitions. Two applications of PBZ doses were realized, being the first 15 days and the second 30 days after transplantation. Plant height, leaf area, stem length and diameter, root length, leaves number and photosynthetic pigments were quantified. PBZ, regardless of concentration, reduced plant heigth, leaf area, stem length, and diameter. Root length, leaves number and photossyntetic pigments did not significant among doses aplied. The initial growth of C. officinalis L. was reduced with PBZ doses
Growth and quality of passion fruit seedlings under salt stress and H2O2 in plant leaves
No full textPassion fruit is a species with high production potential under the climatic conditions of the BrazilianNortheast region. However, water sources in this region show high salt concentrations that can compromisecrop development. In this scenario, the application of small hydrogen peroxide concentrations reduces thedeleterious effects caused by salt stress on the production yield of agricultural crops. From this perspective,this study aimed to evaluate the growth and quality of yellow passion fruit seedlings irrigated with saline waterand foliar application of hydrogen peroxide. The experiment was conducted in a plant nursery at the FederalUniversity of Campina Grande, PB. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 5 x 2 factorial.Treatments consisted of five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water - ECw (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, and3.0 dS m-1) and two concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0 and 20 μM), with four replications and twoplants per plot, totaling 80 plants. The exogenous application of 20 μM hydrogen peroxide favored plant growthin stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, and the Dickson Quality Index of the passion fruit cv. BRS Rubido Cerrado. The application of 20 μM hydrogen peroxide induced the acclimatization of the passion fruit cv.BRS Rubi do Cerrado irrigated with saline water.O maracujazeiro possui potencialidade para ser produzido sob as condições climáticas do Nordeste brasileiro, no entanto, as águas desta região apresentam altas concentrações de sais que podem prejudicar o desenvolvimento das culturas. Assim a aplicação de pequenas concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio induz a redução dos efeitos deletérios que o estresse salino provoca sob o rendimento produtivo das culturas. Objetivou-se com este estudo, avaliar o crescimento e a qualidade de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo irrigadas com águas salinas e aplicação foliar com peróxido de hidrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, PB. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 5 x 2, cujos tratamentos consistiram de cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4 e 3,0 dS m-1) e duas concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio - H2O2 (0 e 20 µM), com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela, perfazendo o total de oitenta plantas. A aplicação exógena de peróxido de hidrogênio na concentração de 20 µM favoreceu maior crescimento em diâmetro de caule, altura de plantas, número de folhas das e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson plantas de maracujazeiro cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado. O peróxido de hidrogênio na concentração de 20 µM induziu aclimatação nas plantas de maracujazeiro cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado irrigadas com águas salinizadas
Diaspores biometry, temperatures and light regime on seed germination of Ptychosperma macarthurii (Arecaceae)
Get PDFThis work aimed to analyze diaspores biometric characteristics, the effect of different temperatures and light regimes on seed germination and on the initial seedlings’ growth of Ptychosperma macarthurii. The experiment was performed at the Horticulture Seed Laboratory, UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP. The individual diaspores biometric analysis was performed by measuring the length, diameter, mass and weight of a thousand diaspores, the data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. It was adopted a completely randomized design in a 5 × 2 factorial with four replications of 25 seeds per treatment. Five temperatures (25; 30; 35; 20-30 and 25-35 ºC) and two light regimes (presence and total absence of light) were evaluated. The variables analyzed were germination, germination speed index, average length of the primary root and shoot, diameter of the stem and seedlings total dry mass. The length, diameter and average weight of the diaspores were 12.54 mm, 6.05 mm and 0.1610 g, respectively. The seeds of Ptychosperma macarthurii germinated in a wide temperature range, reaching a higher germination percentage at 25 ºC and a higher germination speed index at 30 ºC, being classified as neutral photoblastics. The constant temperature of 30 ºC provided higher mean values for all seedlings’ biometric characteristics.This work aimed to analyze diaspores biometric characteristics, the effect of different temperatures and light regimes on seed germination and on the initial seedlings’ growth of Ptychosperma macarthurii. The experiment was performed at the Horticulture Seed Laboratory, UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP. The individual diaspores biometric analysis was performed by measuring the length, diameter, mass and weight of a thousand diaspores, the data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. It was adopted a completely randomized design in a 5 × 2 factorial with four replications of 25 seeds per treatment. Five temperatures (25; 30; 35; 20-30 and 25-35 ºC) and two light regimes (presence and total absence of light) were evaluated. The variables analyzed were germination, germination speed index, average length of the primary root and shoot, diameter of the stem and seedlings total dry mass. The length, diameter and average weight of the diaspores were 12.54 mm, 6.05 mm and 0.1610 g, respectively. The seeds of Ptychosperma macarthurii germinated in a wide temperature range, reaching a higher germination percentage at 25 ºC and a higher germination speed index at 30 ºC, being classified as neutral photoblastics. The constant temperature of 30 ºC provided higher mean values for all seedlings’ biometric characteristics
Physiological factors in the production of cabbage under no-tillage
No full textThe no-till system promotes benefits that extend not only the characteristics of soil improvement, interfering in the quality and productivity of the plants, thus improving physical, chemical, and biological attributes of the crop and resulting in profitability to the producer. The present study evaluated the agronomic development of cabbage according to different cover plants. The experiment was performed in the field, in the Vegetable sector of the University of Rio Verde - UniRV, Rio Verde, GO. The cover plants used were millet (Pennisetum americanum (L)), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens), and crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea). The studied greeneries were cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Astrus plus hybrid. The parameters evaluated to analyze the physiological development were: the plants’ height, number of leaves, and cabbage diameter. The results were submitted to the descriptive statistical method with analysis of means, covariances, and correlations, using the Matlab program. Plant growth data were submitted to the analysis of variance, and when significant, the cover plant factor was compared by Fisher’s test, and the factor days after planting was analyzed by regression. The cabbage showed a higher mean height (cm), leaves, and diameter with the sunflower covering plant. The millet was the best plant to increase the cabbage’s mean productivity.The no-till system promotes benefits that extend not only the characteristics of soil improvement, interfering in the quality and productivity of the plants, thus improving physical, chemical, and biological attributes of the crop and resulting in profitability to the producer. The present study evaluated the agronomic development of cabbage according to different cover plants. The experiment was performed in the field, in the Vegetable sector of the University of Rio Verde - UniRV, Rio Verde, GO. The cover plants used were millet (Pennisetum americanum (L)), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens), and crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea). The studied greeneries were cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Astrus plus hybrid. The parameters evaluated to analyze the physiological development were: the plants’ height, number of leaves, and cabbage diameter. The results were submitted to the descriptive statistical method with analysis of means, covariances, and correlations, using the Matlab program. Plant growth data were submitted to the analysis of variance, and when significant, the cover plant factor was compared by Fisher’s test, and the factor days after planting was analyzed by regression. The cabbage showed a higher mean height (cm), leaves, and diameter with the sunflower covering plant. The millet was the best plant to increase the cabbage’s mean productivity
RAPD markers in the discrimination of genetic variability in ornamental peppers
Get PDFGenetic variability in pepper genotypes has been widely assessed using phenotypic traits and molecular markers, which are essential to estimate the genetic divergence of the species and thus recommend parental individuals for breeding programs. In this scenario, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence between ornamental pepper accessions (C. annuum L.) using RAPD molecular markers. Seventeen ornamental pepper accessions and one plant of the commercial cultivar Calypso were used in the study. The accessions were subjected to RAPD analysis with 15 primers. The analysis revealed high variability between the accessions and evidenced that accessions UFPB-355 and UFPB-348 were the most dissimilar, whereas accessions UFPB- 443 and UFPB-77.3 were the most similar. The accessions were grouped into three different groups, evidencing their genetic divergence The accessions characterized in this study are promising and can be used in future pepper breeding programs due to their high genetic variability. Moreover, the results obtained in this studyallow recommending accessions UFPB-45, UFPB-77.3, UFPB-137, UFPB-356, and UFPB- 443 as parent individualssince they are the most divergent. Finally, the RAPD markers were highly sensitive in driscriminating pepperaccessions and should be used as an auxiliary tool for choosing parents.r a divergência genética na espécie e recomendar indivíduos parentais para programas de melhoramento. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a divergência genética entre acessos de pimenta ornamental ( C. annuumL.) usando marcadores moleculares RAPD. Foram utilizados 17 acessos de pimenta ornamental e uma planta da cultivar comercial Calypso. Os acessos foram submetidos à análise de RAPD, com 15 primers. A análise revelou grande variabilidade entre os acessos. Os resultados evidenciaram que os acessos UFPB-355 e UFPB-348 são os mais dissimilares, enquanto os acessos UFPB-443 e UFPB-77.3 são os mais semelhantes. Os acessos foram agrupados em três grupos, evidenciando a divergência genética entre eles. Os acessos caracterizados neste estudo são promissores e podem ser utilizados em futuros programas de melhoramento de pimenta devido à alta variabilidade genética detectada. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo permitiram indicar, como indivíduos parentais, os acessos UFPB-45, UFPB-77.3, UFPB-137, UFPB-356 e UFPB-443,Genetic variability in pepper genotypes has been widely assessed using phenotypic traits and molecular markers, which are essential to estimate the genetic divergence of the species and thus recommend parental individuals for breeding programs. In this scenario, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence between ornamental pepper accessions (C. annuum L.) using RAPD molecular markers. Seventeen ornamental pepper accessions and one plant of the commercial cultivar Calypso were used in the study. The accessions were subjected to RAPD analysis with 15 primers. The analysis revealed high variability between the accessions and evidenced that accessions UFPB-355 and UFPB-348 were the most dissimilar, whereas accessions UFPB- 443 and UFPB-77.3 were the most similar. The accessions were grouped into three different groups, evidencing their genetic divergence The accessions characterized in this study are promising and can be used in future pepper breeding programs due to their high genetic variability. Moreover, the results obtained in this stud