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Predição de produção do abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’ utilizando modelagem neurofuzzy e regressão linear
No full textHybrid intelligent systems that combine artificial intelligence techniques, such as neural networks and fuzzy logic, have become common for the development of complex models to predict and estimate variable parameters. The objective of this study was to compare predictions of Vitoria pineapple yields by Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) and linear or quadratic regression models. The prediction models developed calculate the fruit fresh weight based on the D leaf fresh weight (DLFW) and stem diameter (SD), measured at the time of floral induction. ANFIS were developed using the genfisOptions function of the Neuro Fuzzy Designer toolbox of the Matlab program (Mathworks®- Neuro Fuzzy Designer, R2018a), considering DLFW and SD as the entry parameters, single and combined. The yield prediction error was calculated using the root mean square error (RMSE). The RMSE found for all ANFIS developed were lower than that predicted by linear or quadratic regression models. The lowest RMSE was obtained when the parameters DLFW and SD were combined for the development of the ANFIS. Therefore, the results showed that the use of neuro-fuzzy modeling (ANFIS) for predicting Vitoria pineapple yield presents better results than the use of linear or quadratic regression models.Atualmente, a utilização de sistemas inteligentes híbridos que utilizam a combinação de técnicas de inteligência artificial como, por exemplo, redes neurais e lógica fuzzy, tem-se tornado comuns na elaboração de modelos complexos de simulação e estimar parâmetros desejados. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver sistemas de inferência adaptativos neurofuzzy (ANFIS) para predizer a produção do abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’ e realizar análise comparativa destes modelos com outro modelo de predição que utiliza aproximação quadrática. Os modelos de predição desenvolvidos calculam a massa fresca do fruto (MFFR) a partir da massa fresca da folha D (MFFD) e/ou diâmetro do talo (DT), medidos no momento da indução floral. Para a construção dos sistemas ANFIS foi utilizada a função genfisOptions da toolbox Neuro Fuzzy Designer do Matlab (Mathworks®- Neuro Fuzzy Designer, R2018a). Foram construídos sistemas ANFIS considerando cada uma dessas variáveis como entrada (DT e MFFD), isoladamente, e de forma combinada. O erro da simulação da produção foi calculado utilizando a raiz quadrada do erro médio quadrado (RMSE). Para todos os sistemas ANFIS construídos, o RMSE obtido foi menor que o valor produzido quando realizou-se a simulação por meio da regressão linear ou aproximação quadrática. O menor valor de RMSE foi obtido quando utilizou-se a combinação dos parâmetros MFFD e DT para construção do sistema ANFIS. Portanto, de acordo com este estudo, a utilização de modelagem neurofuzzy, mais especificadamente de sistemas ANFIS, para a predição de produção do abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’ apresenta melhores resultados que a utilização de regressão linear ou aproximação quadrática
Produção de mudas de Eugenia uniflora por estaquia: substrato, época de colheita, auxina e métodos de rejuvenecimento
No full textEugenia uniflora is a species that presents great phytochemical variability, due to its main form of propagation, the seminal, which makes the cultivation of this commercial crop unfeasible. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop a protocol for vegetative propagation of Eugenia uniflora by stem cuttings. Substrates (Tropstrato®, vermiculite and sand), indolbutyric acid concentrations, rejuvenation methods (drastic pruning and minicutting) and harvesting times (winter, summer, autumn and winter) of the stems were compared. The highest rooting percentage and quality of the root system in cuttings were obtained when commercial substrate Tropstrato® and with some method of rejuvenation were used. The minicutting was more efficient, reaching almost 50% of rooting when collected in summer . Stem cuttings from plants that did not undergo any kind of rejuvenation, regardless of the time of collection, did not result in root formation. No anatomical changes were observed between cuttings from rejuvenated and non-rejuvenated plant material, indicating that the rhizogenic process did not occur in the cuttings originated from plants without rejuvenation because of biochemical and/or physiological reasons. The treatment of the stem cuttings with IBA did not result in increase of rooting, therefore the use of this plant regulator is not recommended.Eugenia uniflora é uma espécie que apresenta grande variabilidade fitoquímica, devido à sua principal forma de propagação, a seminal, o que inviabiliza o cultivo dessa cultura comercialmente. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um protocolo para propagação vegetativa de Eugenia uniflora por estaquia. Substratos (Tropstrato®, vermiculita e areia), concentrações de ácido indolbutírico, métodos de rejuvenescimento (poda drástica e miniestaquia) e épocas de colheita (inverno, verão, outono e inverno) das estacas foram comparados. A maior porcentagem de enraizamento e qualidade do sistema radicular em estacas foram obtidas com o substrato comercial Tropstrato® e com algum método de rejuvenescimento. A miniestaquia foi mais eficiente, chegando a quase 50% do enraizamento quando coletada no verão. Estacas caulinares de plantas que não sofreram nenhum tipo de rejuvenescimento, independente da época de coleta, não resultaram na formação de raízes. Não foram observadas alterações anatômicas entre estacas oriundas de material vegetal rejuvenescido e não rejuvenescido, indicando que o processo rizogênico não ocorreu nas estacas oriundas de plantas sem rejuvenescimento por motivos bioquímicos e / ou fisiológicos. O tratamento das estacas caulinares com AIB não resultou em aumento do enraizamento, portanto o uso deste fitorregulador não é recomendado
Dietas Artificiais para a Criação de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
No full textCeratitis capitata (Wiedemann 1824)(Diptera: Tephritidae) is a polyphagous insect responsible for severe damage to fruit production worldwide. Control strategies require laboratory studies in which large numbers of individuals of this pest are required, thus requiring the implementation of mass creations. The success of these creations depends on the use of artificial diets, which represent one of the main costs of this system. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different artificial diets based on regional foods in the development of C. capitata in the laboratory. Eggs of C. capitata were inoculated in artificial diets based on sweet potato, yam, carrot, pumpkin and cassava, all in the raw and cooked version, totaling ten treatments, with raw carrot being the control treatment. Variables related to the biometric and biological characteristics of C. capitata, such as larval and pupal viability, fecundity, fertility and sex ratio, in addition to pre-oviposition, oviposition and adult life times, were evaluated. Promising results were obtained with the use of artificial diets based on regional foods, such as sweet potato and pumpkin, in which higher pupae weight and size, good fecundity and fertility, insects with longer oviposition time and longer longevity were observed, whose results were similar or superior to those obtained with the raw carrot-based diet. In contrast, the raw cassava-based diet did not allow larvae to hatch. Unsatisfactory results were also obtained with diets based on yam, both raw and cooked, which makes its recommendation for use in artificial diets for this insect unfeasible. Artificial diets derived from pumpkin and sweet potato, raw or cooked, are efficient as carrot substitutes in artificial diets of C. capitata.Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) é um inseto polífago responsável por severos danos a fruticultura mundial. Estratégias de controle requerem estudos laboratoriais em que são demandadas grandes quantidades de indivíduos dessa praga, necessitando portanto, da implantação de criações massais. O sucesso dessas criações é dependente do uso de dietas artificiais, que representam um dos principais custos desse sistema. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de C. capitata sob diferentes dietas artificiais. A inoculação dos ovos de C. capitata foi realizado em dietas artificiais a base de batata-doce, cará, cenoura, jerimum e macaxeira, todos na versão crua e cozida, totalizando dez tratamentos, sendo a cenoura crua o tratamento controle. Observou-se as seguintes variáveis biométricas e biológicas de C. capitata: viabilidade larval e pupal, fecundidade, fertilidade e razão sexual, além dos tempos de pré-oviposição, oviposição e de vida dos adultos. Obteve-se resultados promissores com batata-doce e jerimum, proporcionando insetos maiores e mais pesados, boa fecundidade e fertilidade, maior tempo de oviposição e maior longevidade, cujos resultados foram semelhantes ou superiores aos obtidos com a dieta a base de cenoura crua. Em contraste, a dieta a base de macaxeira crua não permitiu a eclosão das larvas. Resultados insatisfatórios também foram obtidos com as dietas a base de cará, tanto cru como cozido, o que inviabiliza sua recomendação para utilização em dietas artificiais para esse inseto. As dietas artificiais derivadas de jerimum e batata-doce, crus ou cozidos, se mostram eficientes como substitutos da cenoura em dietas artificiais de C. capitata
Survey of cucumber target spot, in vitro sporulation and aggressiveness of Corynespora cassiicola
Get PDFThe objective was to carry out a survey of the occurrence of the target spot (Corynespora cassiicola) in cucumber crops in São Paulo State; to evaluate culture media for sporulation of the pathogen and the aggressiveness of isolates of the pathogen in cucumber plants. The target spot was found in nine municipalities, being the main disease in seven of the ten municipalities sampled, with leaf incidence above 50%, showing that the target spot of cucumber is widely distributed in São Paulo State. Other diseases found less frequently were scabies (Cladosporium cucumerinum), alternaria spot (Alternaria cucumerina), cercospora spot (Cercospora citrullina) and downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), predominant in samples from one or two municipalities, but also found in most municipalities. The zoned spot (Leandria momordicae) was found to have a low incidence, in samples from three municipalities and with an incidence lower than 20%. Greater sporulation of the pathogen occurred in tomato juice and oat flour media, without scraping the surface of the colony maintained for 16 days at 25ºC, under continuous fluorescent light. The germination of C. cassiicola isolates used in the aggressiveness test was between 82.8 and 95.5%, with the 50 isolates separated into two groups. The isolates were separated into four groups within the range of 3.1 to 22.3% in severity, after ten days of inoculation of the pathogen, showing the genetic variability within the species, which should be considered in management studies, such as genetic improvement.The objective was to carry out a survey of the occurrence of the target spot (Corynespora cassiicola) in cucumber crops in São Paulo State; to evaluate culture media for sporulation of the pathogen and the aggressiveness of isolates of the pathogen in cucumber plants. The target spot was found in nine municipalities, being the main disease in seven of the ten municipalities sampled, with leaf incidence above 50%, showing that the target spot of cucumber is widely distributed in São Paulo State. Other diseases found less frequently were scabies (Cladosporium cucumerinum), alternaria spot (Alternaria cucumerina), cercospora spot (Cercospora citrullina) and downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), predominant in samples from one or two municipalities, but also found in most municipalities. The zoned spot (Leandria momordicae) was found to have a low incidence, in samples from three municipalities and with an incidence lower than 20%. Greater sporulation of the pathogen occurred in tomato juice and oat flour media, without scraping the surface of the colony maintained for 16 days at 25ºC, under continuous fluorescent light. The germination of C. cassiicola isolates used in the aggressiveness test was between 82.8 and 95.5%, with the 50 isolates separated into two groups. The isolates were separated into four groups within the range of 3.1 to 22.3% in severity, after ten days of inoculation of the pathogen, showing the genetic variability within the species, which should be considered in management studies, such as genetic improvement
Characterization of organic composts produced by family farming for lettuce cultivation
Get PDFThe use of organic compost in the cultivation of lettuce by family farming can be carried out in a sustainable way with the use of residues from the property, through composting. For efficient and safe use of these residues, it is necessary to monitor the composting process and adopt good agricultural practices for the production of safe food. Therefore, the objective was to identify and quantify contaminating microorganisms and to evaluate the chemical characteristics of organic compounds and their effects on the cultivation of lettuce produced in an organic system. Six periods of lettuce cultivation were studied using the organic compost produced in the planting fertilizer and cover. The results obtained for the fresh mass and the chemical analyzes of the compost, the soil and the plant were compared in a qualitative way. The results obtained from microbiological analyzes were compared to current legislation. The composition of the material used and the handling of the composting process influenced the chemical characteristics of the organic compounds applied to the soil. Organic compounds were efficient for plant nutrition, except for boron. The presence of thermotolerant coliforms was above the maximum acceptable limit, indicating contamination of the compound. The organic compost was not properly composted in most cycles. The use of organic compounds proved to be a sustainable alternative in the production of organic lettuce on family farms, but the study indicated the need for technical training.O uso do composto orgânico no cultivo da alface pela agricultura familiar pode ser realizado de maneira sustentável com aproveitamento de resíduos da propriedade, por meio da compostagem. Para uso eficiente e seguro desses resíduos é necessário o monitoramento do processo de compostagem e adoção de boas práticas agrícolas para produção de alimentos seguros. Diante disso, objetivou-se identificar e quantificar microrganismos patogênicos e avaliar as características químicas dos compostos orgânicos e seus efeitos no cultivo da alface produzida em sistema orgânico. Foram estudados seis ciclos de cultivo de alface utilizando na adubação de plantio e cobertura composto orgânico produzido na propriedade. Os resultados obtidos para a massa fresca e as análises químicas do composto, do solo e da planta foram comparados de maneira qualitativa. Os resultados obtidos das análises microbiológicas foram comparados à legislação vigente. A composição do material utilizado e o manejo do processo de compostagem influenciaram as características químicas dos compostos orgânicos aplicados ao solo. Os compostos orgânicos foram eficientes para a nutrição das plantas, exceto para o fornecimento de boro. A presença de coliformes termotolerantes esteve acima do limite máximo aceitável, indicando contaminação do composto. O composto orgânico não foi adequadamente compostado na maioria dos ciclos. O uso dos compostos orgânicos mostrou-se uma alternativa sustentável na produção de alface orgânica em propriedade com agricultura familiar, mas o estudo indicou a necessidade de capacitação técnica
Propriedades mecânicas de sementes de abóbora
No full textDue to the lack of information on the mechanical properties of pumpkin seeds and the need to develop equipment that can be used more efficiently for its processing, the objective of this project was to study the mechanical properties of commercial pumpkin seeds. Pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata) from the commercial cultivars ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ and ‘Jacarezinho’ with moisture content ranging from 0.670 to 0.094 decimal dry basis (db) and 0.923 to 0.033 decimal (db), respectively, were used. The determination of the compressive strength of the seeds was carried out by means of uniaxial compression tests. The seeds were compressed in their natural resting position, at a constant speed (force application rate) of 0.0001 m s-1. The average force for deformations in the \u27Rajada Seca Melhorada\u27 was 43.90 and 0.56 N and for \u27Jacarezinho\u27 between 13.20 and 0.20 N, and the values of the proportional deformity module from 8.05 to 23.68 x 107 N m-2 cultivar \u27Rajada Seca Melhorada\u27 and 2.05 to 21.64 x 107 N m-2 for \u27Jacarezinho\u27. It is concluded that the necessary force for deformation of pumpkin seeds decreases with the increase of the moisture content. There is an increase in the values of the proportional deformity module with the reduction of the moisture content, for the cultivar ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ and ‘Jacarezinho’. It can be seen that the seeds of the pumpkin \u27Rajada Seca Melhorada\u27 have a greater resistance to the deformation force in relation to \u27Jacarezinho\u27.Pela inexistência de informações sobre as propriedades mecânicas de sementes de abóbora e pela necessidade de desenvolver equipamentos que possam ser utilizados com mais eficiência para o seu processamento, objetivou-se com este projeto, estudar as propriedades mecânicas de sementes de abóboras comerciais cultivadas no IF Goiano. Foram utilizadas sementes de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata) das cultivares comercial ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ e ‘Jacarezinho’ com teor de água variando de 0,670 a 0,094 decimal base seca (b.s.) e 0,923 a 0,033 decimal (b.s.), respectivamente. A determinação da resistência à compressão das sementes foi realizada por meio de ensaios de compressão uniaxial. As sementes foram comprimidas em sua posição natural de repouso, a uma velocidade constante (taxa de aplicação de força) de 0,0001 m s-1. A força média para as deformações na ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ foi de 43,90 e 0,56 N e para ‘Jacarezinho’ entre 13,20 e 0,20 N, e os valores do módulo proporcional de deformidade de 8,05 a 23,68 x 107 N m-2 cultivar ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ e 2,05 a 21,64 x 107 N m-2 para ‘Jacarezinho’. Conclui-se que a força necessária para deformação das sementes de abóbora decresce com o aumento do teor de água, para a cultivar ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ e ‘Jacarezinho’. Há um aumento nos valores do módulo proporcional de deformidade com a redução do teor de água, para a cultivar ‘Rajada’ e ‘Jacarezinho’. Pode-se observar que as sementes da abóbora ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ possuem uma maior resistência à força de deformação em relação a “Jacarezinho’
Irrigation water salinity and silicon negatively interfere with the physiology and delay the flowering of ornamental sunflowers
Get PDFAlthough silicon is considered a non-essential element for plants, its application can mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the physiological and flowering responses of ornamentalsunflower depending on the application of silicon and irrigation with saline water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with six replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, referring to four electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw): 0.5; 1.5; 2.5 and 3.5 dS m-1 and silicon doses: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1, with potassium silicate as the source. The following were evaluated: internal carbon concentration, transpiration, rate of liquid photosynthesis, instant efficiency of carboxylation, leaf indexes of chlorophyll a, b, chlorophyll a/b ratio, total chlorophyll, external and internal diameter of the chapter, number of petals, appearance of floral bud, beginning of flowering and full opening of the floral bud. Salinity negatively affects photosynthetic activity and flowering of ornamental sunflower plants, so that plants irrigated with saline water (3.5 dS m-1) delayed the appearance of the flower bud, the flowering index and the total opening of the floral button. The application of silicon in ornamental sunflower plants is not effective to mitigate the deleterious effects of salinity on the plant’s physiology. In addition, the addition of silicon is also not able to repair the losses in terms of flowering caused by salt stress in the species.Although silicon is considered a non-essential element for plants, its application can mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the physiological and flowering responses of ornamentalsunflower depending on the application of silicon and irrigation with saline water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with six replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, referring to four electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw): 0.5; 1.5; 2.5 and 3.5 dS m-1 and silicon doses: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1, with potassium silicate as the source. The following were evaluated: internal carbon concentration, transpiration, rate of liquid photosynthesis, instant efficiency of carboxylation, leaf indexes of chlorophyll a, b, chlorophyll a/b ratio, total chlorophyll, external and internal diameter of the chapter, number of petals, appearance of floral bud, beginning of flowering and full opening of the floral bud. Salinity negatively affects photosynthetic activity and flowering of ornamental sunflower plants, so that plants irrigated with saline water (3.5 dS m-1) delayed the appearance of the flower bud, the flowering index and the total opening of the floral button. The application of silicon in ornamental sunflower plants is not effective to mitigate the deleterious effects of salinity on the plant’s physiology. In addition, the addition of silicon is also not able to repair the losses in terms of flowering caused by salt stress in the species
Genetic control of plant size-related traits and fruit in ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFPeppers present a very diversified market and have a high economic and nutritional value. The study of genetic control of quantitative traits helps to conduct an efficient breeding program. This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters and gene effects involved in the inheritance of morpho-agronomic traits in ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, at the Federal University of Paraíba. Two accessions of ornamental pepper (C. annuum L.) belonging to the vegetable germplasm bank of the Federal University of Paraíba were used as parents: UFPB 347 and UFPB 356. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five plants of each parent being evaluated, 20 plants of generation F1, 90 plants of generation F2 and 40 plants of RC1 and RC2. Foram avaliados 19 caracteres quantitativos referentes à planta, flor e fruto. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de geração, e os efeitos dos modelos foram submetidos ao teste t no nível de 5% e 1% de significância. Alta herdabilidade em sentido amplo foi encontrada para comprimento da corola, diâmetro das pétalas, peso do fruto, comprimento do fruto e espessura do pericarpo. Para herdabilidade restrita, apenas o comprimento da corola apresentou herdabilidade alta. O modelo aditivo-dominante (m, a, d) foi adequado para explicar os parâmetros genéticos da maioria das características avaliadas, com exceção do comprimento da antera e do teor de matéria seca, para os quais o modelo completo foi interpretado.
Palavras-chave: Capsicum annuum , análise de geração, herança.Peppers present a very diversified market and have a high economic and nutritional value. The study of genetic control of quantitative traits helps to conduct an efficient breeding program. This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters and gene effects involved in the inheritance of morpho-agronomic traits in ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, at the Federal University of Paraíba. Two accessions of ornamental pepper (C. annuum L.) belonging to the vegetable germplasm bank of the Federal University of Paraíba were used as parents: UFPB 347 and UFPB 356. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five plants of each parent being evaluated, 20 plants of generation F1, 90 plants of generation F2 and 40 plants of RC1 and RC2. Foram avaliados 19 caracteres quantitativos referentes à planta, flor e fruto. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de geração, e os efeitos dos modelos foram submetidos ao teste t no nível de 5% e 1% de significância. Alta herdabilidade em sentido amplo foi encontrada para comprimento da corola, diâmetro das pétalas, peso do fruto, comprimento do fruto e espessura do pericarpo. Para herdabilidade restrita, apenas o comprimento da corola apresentou herdabilidade alta. O modelo aditivo-dominante (m, a, d) foi adequado para explicar os parâmetros genéticos da maioria das características avaliadas, com exceção do comprimento da antera e do teor de matéria seca, para os quais o modelo completo foi interpretado.
Palavras-chave: análise de geração, Capsicum annuum, aumento
Herança de caracteres morfoagronômicos em pimenteiras ornamentais (Capsicum annuum L.)
No full textPepper have shown a growing and continuous acceptance by the consumer market, standing out in the trade of ornamental plants in pots. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and gene effects involved in the inheritance of characters of size, flower and fruit in a segregating generation of ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, at the Federal University of Paraíba. Two accessions of ornamental pepper (C. annuum L.) belonging to the vegetable germplasm bank of the Federal University of Paraíba were used as parents: UFPB 349 and UFPB 356. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five plants of each parent being evaluated, 20 plants of generation F1, 88 plants of generation F2 and 40 plants of RC1 and RC2. 19 quantitative characters referring to the plant, inflorescence and fruit were evaluated. The data obtained were subjected to generation analysis, and the effects of the models were subjected to the t test at a level of 5% and 1% significance. High values of heritability in the broad and restricted sense were observed for plant height and pericarp thickness, suggesting the predominance of additive gene effects in character expression. The additive-dominant model (m, a, d) was adequate to explain the genetic parameters of most of the evaluated characteristics. However, for the canopy diameter, petal diameter, pedicel length and dry matter content, the additive-dominant model was inadequate, recommending the interpretation of the complete model.
Keywords: Capsicum annuum, gene interaction, heritabilityAs pimenteiras têm apresentado uma crescente e contínua aceitação pelo mercado consumidor, se destacando no comércio de plantas ornamentais em vaso. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos e efeitos gênicos envolvidos na adição de caracteres de porte, flor e fruto em uma geração segregante de pimenteira ornamental ( Capsicum annuum L.). O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, no Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Foram utilizados como genitores dois acessos de pimenteiras ornamentais ( C. annuumL.) pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma de hortaliças da Universidade Federal da Paraíba: UFPB 349 e UFPB 356. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo avaliadas cinco plantas de cada parental, 20 plantas da geração F 1 , 88 plantas da geração F 2 e 40 plantas do RC 1 e do RC 2. Foram obtidas 19 caracteres quantitativos referentes à planta, inflorescência e fruto. Os dados coletados foram descobertos à análise de geração, e os resultados dos modelos foram encontrados ao teste t em nível de 5% e 1% de significância. Altos valores de herdabilidade no sentido amplo e restrito foram observados para a altura da planta e espessura do pericarpo, sugerindo a predominância dos efeitos gênicos aditivos na expressão do caráter. O modelo aditivo-dominante (m, a, d) foi adequado para definir os parâmetros genéticos da maioria das características avaliadas. Entretanto, para o diâmetro da copa, diâmetro das pétalas, comprimento do pedicelo e teor de matéria seca o modelo aditivo-dominante foi produzido, recomendando-se a interpretação do modelo completo
Germinação de sementes de Aristolochia elegans Mast. em diferentes temperaturas e concentrações de giberelina
No full textAristolochia elegans is a plant widely appreciated for its attractiveness, being used as an ornamental species.However, information on the germination behavior of its seeds is scarce. Thus, the objective of the current work is to evaluate the germination of seeds of A. elegans under varying conditions of temperature and concentrations of gibberellin. The seeds were immersed in gibberellin solution at concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1, before being sown on blotting paper and transferred to germinators at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35ºC. The percentage, speed index, mean time, and germination speed were evaluated. There was no interaction effect or isolated effect of gibberellin, only an isolated effect of temperature on all parameters evaluated. For germination, a maximum response was obtained at the estimated temperature of 29.14˚C, with 75% germination, and the minimum temperature was estimated at 16.9˚C. The mean germination speed increased with increases in temperature, up to a maximum of 29ºC, and at temperatures above this value, the speed decreased. It is concluded that the temperature of 29.4˚C leads to the best germination, while at temperatures below 16.9˚C, the estimated minimum temperature, there is no seed germination. In addition, there is no effect of gibberellin on germination when doses are applied between 100 and 300 mg L-1. Aristolochia elegans é uma planta muito apreciada por seus atrativos paisagísticos, sendo amplamente utilizada como espécie ornamental, porém, informações sobre o seu comportamento germinativo são escassas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes temperaturas e concentrações de giberelina na germinação de sementes de A. elegans. As sementes foram imersas em solução de giberelina nas concentrações de 100, 200 e 300 mg L-1, posteriormente foram semeadas sobre papel mata-borrão e transferidas para os germinadores com temperaturas constantes de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC. Não houve efeito de interação ou efeito isolado de giberelina, apenas efeito isolado da temperatura em todos os parâmetros avaliados. Para a germinação, a curva obteve uma resposta máxima na temperatura estimada em 29,14˚C, com 75% de germinação e a temperatura mínima estimada em 16,9˚C. A velocidade média de germinação cresceu com a elevação da temperatura até um máximo de 29ºC, e em temperaturas acima desse valor, a velocidade diminuiu. Conclui-se que a temperatura aproximada de 29,4˚C permite a melhor germinação, enquanto temperatura abaixo de 16,9˚C, temperatura mínima estimada, não ocorre a germinação das sementes e que não há efeito da giberelina nos parâmetros de germinação quando aplicadas doses entre 100 e 300 mg L-1