Comunicata Scientiae
Not a member yet
996 research outputs found
Sort by
New substrate medium mixture can improve the initial growth of Hylocereus costaricensis (Haw)
Get PDFDragon fruit is an exotic species that has currently shown great relevance in the world market. Hence, the demand for materials with high genetic potential has increased. Genetic propagation allows selecting materials with high yield and climatic conditions adaptation. The selection of the substrate influences the quality of the seedling, which should provide adequate conditions for germination and root development. This study aimed to evaluate the seed emergence and initial growth of dragon fruit cultivated in different substrates under nursery conditions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with 11 treatments, four replications, and 25 seeds per replication. The treatments used were composed of the soil, mixture with organic compost and commercial substrate. First emergence count, emergence percentage, and emergence speed were evaluated up to 50 days after sowing. Data of shoot length, stem diameter, root length, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter were recorded at 88 days after emergence. The treatment of washed sand + coconut fiber and Tropstrato® provided a higher emergence percentage and emergence speed of dragon fruit seeds. The treatment of coconut fiber + Tropstrato® + organic compost allowed better means for stem diameter, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter. Conversely, the treatments of washed sand + Tropstrato® and Tropstrato® resulted in greater root system growth.Dragon fruit is an exotic species that has currently shown great relevance in the world market. Hence, the demand for materials with high genetic potential has increased. Genetic propagation allows selecting materials with high yield and climatic conditions adaptation. The selection of the substrate influences the quality of the seedling, which should provide adequate conditions for germination and root development. This study aimed to evaluate the seed emergence and initial growth of dragon fruit cultivated in different substrates under nursery conditions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with 11 treatments, four replications, and 25 seeds per replication. The treatments used were composed of the soil, mixture with organic compost and commercial substrate. First emergence count, emergence percentage, and emergence speed were evaluated up to 50 days after sowing. Data of shoot length, stem diameter, root length, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter were recorded at 88 days after emergence. The treatment of washed sand + coconut fiber and Tropstrato® provided a higher emergence percentage and emergence speed of dragon fruit seeds. The treatment of coconut fiber + Tropstrato® + organic compost allowed better means for stem diameter, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter. Conversely, the treatments of washed sand + Tropstrato® and Tropstrato® resulted in greater root system growth
Base temperature and plastochron are influenced by the development phase in biquinho pepper cultivars
No full textThe objective was to estimate the base temperature and determine the plastochron for Capsicum chinense cultivars during the vegetative and reproductive development phases at different planting times. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, 2x4 factorial scheme, cultivars of biquinho pepper (“BRS Moema”, “Airatema Biquinho Amarela”) and growing seasons (E1-E2-E3-E4). The Air temperature was monitored during the vegetative and reproductive phases of the crop. Tb was determined by the minimum mean square error method (QMe). For both phases of the crop development, plastochron was determined by linear regression between the number of nodes and the accumulated thermal sum (Sta). Tb and plastochron were not influenced by the cultivar. In the vegetative phase, Tb and plastochron were dependent on the sowing season, presenting on average Tb (16.8°C) and plastochron (43.6°C day-1). In the reproductive phase both Tb and plastochron were similar at all sowing times, with averages of 16.7°C and 64.4°C day-1 plastochron, for base temperature and plastochron, respectively. Therefore, the emission of nodes is not influenced by the cultivar, but by growing season. With the plastochron values found it is concluded that the development of biquinho pepper is more accelerated during the vegetative phase than the reproductive one.The objective was to estimate the base temperature and determine the plastochron for Capsicum chinense cultivars during the vegetative and reproductive development phases at different planting times. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, 2x4 factorial scheme, cultivars of biquinho pepper (“BRS Moema”, “Airatema Biquinho Amarela”) and growing seasons (E1-E2-E3-E4). The Air temperature was monitored during the vegetative and reproductive phases of the crop. Tb was determined by the minimum mean square error method (QMe). For both phases of the crop development, plastochron was determined by linear regression between the number of nodes and the accumulated thermal sum (Sta). Tb and plastochron were not influenced by the cultivar. In the vegetative phase, Tb and plastochron were dependent on the sowing season, presenting on average Tb (16.8°C) and plastochron (43.6°C day-1). In the reproductive phase both Tb and plastochron were similar at all sowing times, with averages of 16.7°C and 64.4°C day-1 plastochron, for base temperature and plastochron, respectively. Therefore, the emission of nodes is not influenced by the cultivar, but by growing season. With the plastochron values found it is concluded that the development of biquinho pepper is more accelerated during the vegetative phase than the reproductive one
Quality of cookies with partial substitution of wheat flour for okra flour
Get PDFOkra is a vegetable of high nutritional value, but highly perishable when stored in natura. Cookies are products of great popular acceptance and allow the use of alternative flours. The objective was to evaluate cookies made with partial substitution of wheat flour for okra. Okra fruits were dried to obtain the flour. This was applied in biscuit formulations at concentrations of 0 (A), 5 (B), 10 (C) and 15% (D). The cookies were evaluated for the difference in mass, thermal factor, yield, humidity, ash, fibers, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, caloric value, presence of Coliforms at 45 ° C, positive coagulase Staphylococcus and Samonella sp., In addition to the sensory evaluation acceptance and purchase intention. The dough, ash content, fiber and protein of the cookies enriched with okra flour were higher. The carbohydrate content and caloric value was higher in formulation A. All cookies are within the microbiological standards required by law. Sensory acceptance and purchase intention were superior in formulations A and B. The differences between the cookies are due to the different composition of the okra and vary according to the concentration in which it is added. Formulation B obtained better nutritional quality without interfering with its good sensory acceptance.Okra is a vegetable of high nutritional value, but highly perishable when stored in natura. Cookies are products of great popular acceptance and allow the use of alternative flours. The objective was to evaluate cookies made with partial substitution of wheat flour for okra. Okra fruits were dried to obtain the flour. This was applied in biscuit formulations at concentrations of 0 (A), 5 (B), 10 (C) and 15% (D). The cookies were evaluated for the difference in mass, thermal factor, yield, humidity, ash, fibers, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, caloric value, presence of Coliforms at 45 ° C, positive coagulase Staphylococcus and Samonella sp., In addition to the sensory evaluation acceptance and purchase intention. The dough, ash content, fiber and protein of the cookies enriched with okra flour were higher. The carbohydrate content and caloric value was higher in formulation A. All cookies are within the microbiological standards required by law. Sensory acceptance and purchase intention were superior in formulations A and B. The differences between the cookies are due to the different composition of the okra and vary according to the concentration in which it is added. Formulation B obtained better nutritional quality without interfering with its good sensory acceptance
Postharvest control of anthracnose in avocado with cassava starch and corn starch films
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cassava starch and corn starch films on the control of anthracnose in avocado. The fruits were inoculated with conidia suspension and were then immersed in solutions with cassava starch and corn starch alone or in combination at concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4% under curative and preventive methods. The variables analysed included mean damaged area, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and fruit fresh weight. Under the curative method, the mean damaged area and AUDPC were reduced in fruits treated with 1% and 4% cassava starch and 1% corn starch. Under the preventive method, fruits treated with 2% cassava starch or 2% corn starch alone resulted in reduced mean damaged area and AUDPC. The combinations of cassava starch and corn starch at 2, 3, and 4% were effective in reducing the mean damaged area and AUDPC under curative control. Under the preventive method, the combinations of cassava starch and corn starch at 2 and 3% reduced the AUDPC, and the mean damaged area was decreased with both starches at 3%. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a layer of protective film on the fruit\u27s surface that probably prevented the pathogen from penetrating. In addition, there was deformation of hyphae promoted by the action of the films
Radiação UV-C na qualidade pós-colheita de pitaia vermelha
No full textThe cultivation of pitaya in Brazil is growing and the increase in consumption is associated with the nutritional benefits and attractiveness of the fruit. However, information about the post-harvest behavior of the fruits, in relation to their conservation potential and technologies, is incipient. In this aspect, the objective was to evaluate the postharvest quality of red pitaya submitted to different doses of UV-C radiation. The fruits were acquired from the commercial orchard in the rural area of Piracanjuba-GO. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 4x9 factorial scheme, with four radiation doses (0; 1.81; 3.62 and 7.24 kJ m-2) and nine days of analysis (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 days). After radiation, the fruits were placed in low density polyethylene packages (LDPE), with 1 fruit in each, being refrigerated and stored in an incubator type B.O.D. at 8±1°C, with 60±4% RH. The following were evaluated: mass loss, post-harvest conservation, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, maturation index, color (°Hue, Chroma), betacyanins and carotenoids. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (P<0.05) and, when significant, regression analysis was performed. The dose of 1.81 kJ m-2 stood out in maintaining the quality of the red pitaya fruit. Pitaya treated or not with UV-C radiation, packaged in LDPE, can be kept refrigerated for up to 21 days without deteriorating.O cultivo de pitaia no Brasil é crescente e a elevação do consumo está associada aos benefícios nutritivos e a atratividade do fruto. Entretanto, são incipientes as informações sobre o comportamento pós-colheita dos frutos, em relação ao potencial e tecnologias de conservação. Nesse aspecto, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de pitaia vermelha submetida a diferentes doses de radiação UV-C. Os frutos foram adquiridos no pomar comercial na zona rural de Piracanjuba-GO. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x9, sendo quatro doses de radiação (0; 1,81; 3,62 e 7,24 kJ m-2) e nove dias de análise (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 e 16 dias). Após a radiação, os frutos foram acondicionados em embalagens de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD), com 1 fruto em cada, sendo refrigerados e armazenados em incubadora tipo B.O.D. à 8±1°C, com 60±4% de UR. Foram avaliadas: perda de massa, conservação pós-colheita, teor de sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez titulável, índice de maturação, coloração (°Hue, Croma), betacianinas e carotenoides. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (P≤0,05) e, quando significativos, foi realizada a análise de regressão. A dose de 1,81 kJ m-2 destacou-se na manutenção da qualidade do fruto de pitaia vermelha. As pitaias tratadas ou não com radiação UV-C, embaladas em PEBD, podem ser conservadas refrigeradas por até 21 dias sem apresentar deterioração
Necessidade hídrica e taxa de desenvolvimento dos frutos do meloeiro Cantaloupe cultivado no verão-outono
No full textThe knowledge regarding the crop water demand and its vegetative development is the basis for anyagronomic scientific research. This study determined evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, fruit growth rate,stem, and photosynthetic activities of the melon. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment at the Technical Irrigation Center (CTI) of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) in Maringá-Pr. The hybrid used was the melon Cantaloupe Torreon grown vertically. Irrigation was carried out via drip based on accumulated evapotranspiration. Reference evapotranspiration was estimated by the Penman-Monteith-FAO method using data from an automatic weather station, and crop evapotranspiration was measured using constant groundwater lysimeters. Caliper performed measurements of the plant’s lap and fruit in formation. The SPAD index measurements occurred on the third leaf of the main stem and the leaf closest to the fruit. The melon’s water demand was 388.16 mm. The crop coefficient values obtained were: 0.95, 1.03, and 0.99 for the initial, intermediate, and final stages. The growth rate of the cervix increased from 7 mm to 35th day after transplantation. In 14 days, the equatorial growth of the fruit was 98 mm. The SPAD index registered a maximum of 105 for the third leaf and 112 for the fruit leaf.O conhecimento referente a demanda hídrica da cultura, assim como a compreensão de seu desenvolvimento vegetativo é a base para qualquer pesquisa científica agronômica. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a evapotranspiração, coeficiente da cultura, taxa de crescimento do fruto, caule e atividades fotossintéticas do meloeiro. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido no Centro Técnico de Irrigação (CTI) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), em Maringá-Pr. O híbrido utilizado foi o melão Cantaloupe Torreon conduzido verticalmente. A irrigação foi realizada via gotejo com base na evapotranspiração acumulada. A evapotranspiração de referência foi estimada pelo método de Penman-Monteith-FAO utilizando dados de uma estação meteorológica automática e a evapotranspiração da cultura foi mensurada utilizando lisímetros. As aferições do colo da planta e do fruto em formação foram realizadas por paquímetro. As aferições do índice SPAD ocorreram na terceira folha da haste principal e na folha mais próxima do fruto. A demanda hídrica do meloeiro foi de 388,16 mm. Os valores do coeficiente da cultura obtidos foram: 0,95; 1,03 e 0,99 para os estádios inicial, intermediário e final. A taxa de crescimento do colo teve aumento de 7 mm até o 35° dia após o transplante. Em 14 dias o crescimento equatorial do fruto foi de 98 mm. O índice SPAD registrou máxima de 105 para a terceira folha e máxima de 112 para a folha do fruto
Custo de produção de tomateiros rasteiros de mesa sobre diferentes coberturas de solo
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the production cost and analyze the economic factors of two creeping fresh market tomato cultivars (Thaíse and Fascínio) grown using different soil covers. The tomato cultivars were evaluated for in natura consumption using a predetermined cycle. The treatments (soil cover types) used in this study were: I) uncovered soil, II) plastic mulching, III) sorghum, IV) Sudan grass, and V) pearl millet. For profitability calculations, the costs and revenues of the study area were accounted for and converted to values per hectare. The effective operating cost, total operating cost, gross revenue, operating profit, profitability index, gross margin, price, and productivity leveling point were considered. The costs of manual operations, tomato seed, fertilization, plastic canvas (double-sided black and white canvas), and irrigation were the highest expenses observed in the production of creeping fresh market tomatoes in relation to the total operating cost. For the Thaíse and Fascínio tomato cultivars, the highest operating profit was Brazilian R 134,604.53 per hectare, respectively, which was obtained with the soil cover with plastic mulching. The cultivation of creeping fresh-market tomatoes has high economic profitability, especially when using plastic mulching as the soil cover. The two tomato cultivars (Thaíse and Fascínio), when grown on plastic mulching, showed the highest gross margin.O tomateiro é a principal hortaliça-fruto cultivada no mundo, com grande importância no cenário econômico e alimentício. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar o custo de produção e análise econômica para a produção de duas cultivares de tomate rasteiro de mesa cultivado sobre diferentes coberturas do solo. Foram avaliadas duas cultivares de tomate rasteiro para consumo in natura de ciclo determinado (Thaíse e Fascínio). Os tratamentos (tipos de cobertura de solo) utilizados neste estudo foram: I) Plantio convencional (sem cobertura do solo), II) Mulching, III) Sorgo, IV) Capim sudão e V) Milheto. Para os cálculos de lucratividade foram contabilizados os custos e receitas da área estudada e transformados em hectares. Considerou-se o custo operacional efetivo (COE), custo operacional total (COT), receita bruta (RB), lucro operacional (LO), índice de lucratividade (IL), produtividade e preço de equilíbrio. Os custos com operações manuais (19,61%), semente do tomate (9,00%), adubação (13,27%), mulching (7,17%) e irrigação (19,80%) foram os maiores gastos observados na produção de tomate rasteiro de mesa em relação ao custo operacional total. Para as cultivares de tomate Thaíse e Fascínio o maior lucro operacional foi de R 134.604,53 por hectare obtidos na cobertura de solo com mulching, respectivamente. O cultivo do tomateiro rasteiro de mesa possui elevada rentabilidade econômica, principalmente quando se utiliza a cobertura de solo com mulching
Cobertura do cacho de banana: avaliação de materiais promissores para os sacos
No full textNow days there has been an increase in the consumers demand for great food, produced in environmentally cost-effective and friendly processes, being increasingly necessary new cultivation techniques able to ensure the required standards for banana growers and consumers. Therefore, the research aimed to evaluate the effects of bunch cover materials on development and quality of ‘BRS Platina’ banana fruits. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with six treatments, four replications and four plants per plot, being the treatments: WB – without bagging; BBTK – black polypropylene bag (TNT) + kraft paper; BBPK - black polyethilene bag + kraft paper; KP – kraft paper; WBT – non-woven polypropylene white bag (TNT) and WBP - white polyethylene plastic bag. The ‘BRS Platina’ banana bunches cover improved fruits quality and the treatment polyethylene white bag (WBP) can be an advantageous option for the banana growers because of its effectiveness on the reduction of damages caused by flowers thrips (Frankliniella spp), providing a good agronomic performance and also does not delay the harvesting.Hoje em dia tem havido um aumento na demanda dos consumidores por bons alimentos produzidos de maneira ambientalmente correta e economicamente viável, sendo cada vez mais necessárias novas técnicas de cultivo capazes de garantir os padrões exigidos pelos produtores e consumidores de banana. Portanto, a pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos dos materiais de cobertura dos cachos no desenvolvimento e na qualidade de frutos de bananeira ‘BRS Platina’. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos, quatro repetições e quatro plantas por parcela, sendo os tratamentos: WB - sem ensacamento; BBTK - saco de polipropileno preto (TNT) + papel kraft; BBPK - saco de polietileno preto + papel kraft; KP - papel kraft; WBT - saco plástico de polipropileno não tecido (TNT) e WBP - saco plástico de polietileno branco. O ensacamento dos cachos de banana \u27BRS Platina\u27 melhoram a qualidade dos frutos e o tratamento com saco branco de polietileno (WBP) pode ser uma opção vantajosa para os bananicultores, por sua eficácia na redução de danos causados pelo tripes de flores (Frankliniella spp), proporcionando um boa desempenho agronômico, além de não retardar a colheita
Germination dynamics of sesame seeds under salt stress
Get PDFSesame crops have large economic potential; however, the scarcity of good quality water in the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil can affect production systems, which requires the search for cultivars that can better be adapted to the local conditions. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the germination dynamics of sesame seed lots subjected to different electrical conductivities of the imbibition solution. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Seeds and Seedling Analysis of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal campus, Paraíba, Brazil. A completely randomized design was used, in an 8×6 factorial arrangement, corresponding to eight seed lots (BRS Seda; BRS Seda (S2); BRS G2 (S1); BRS G2 (S2); BRS G3 (S1); BRS G3 (S2); BRS G4 (S1) and BRS G4 (S2), where S1 and S2 represent the grown environments, saline (2.4 dS m-1) and non-saline, respectively; and six electrical conductivities of the imbibition solution (0.3; 1.2; 2.1; 3.0; 3.9; and 4.8 dS m-¹), with four replications. The variables seed germination, vigor, germination speed index, mean time for germination, mean germination speed, and radicle length were evaluated. The sesame seeds are sensitive to salinity, regardless of the lot analyzed and their germination power decreases when they are subjected to high salt concentrations.Sesame crops have large economic potential; however, the scarcity of good quality water in the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil can affect production systems, which requires the search for cultivars that can better be adapted to the local conditions. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the germination dynamics of sesame seed lots subjected to different electrical conductivities of the imbibition solution. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Seeds and Seedling Analysis of the Federa
Produção e qualidade pós-colheita de pinheira irrigada com água salina e adubação com N-P-K
No full textSalt stress reduces plant growth and production. However, adequate fertilization can minimize the effects of salinity. From this perspective, this study aimed to assess the production and post-harvest quality of custard apple irrigated with saline water and fertilized with combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the second year of cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design and arranged as a 2 × 8 factorial with three replications, using containers adapted as drainage lysimeters in a protected environment in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB. The factors consisted of two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.8 and 3.0 dS m-1) and eight combinations of N-P-K fertilization: 100-100-100; 100-100-125; 100-125-100; 100-125-125; 125-100-100; 125-100-125; 125-125-100; and 125-125-125% of the recommended (100%) level (100-80-40 g of N-P2O5-K2O per plant per year). Irrigation with the water salinity level of 3.0 dS m-1 reduced custard apple production in the second year. However, fertilization with the 125-100-125% N-P-K combination increased the mean fruit weight, total soluble solids, and ascorbic acid content. High irrigation water salinity negatively affected the number of segments, number of fruits, number of seeds per plant, mean fruit weight, fruit diameter, and fruit height. The 125-100-40 g N-P-K combination provided the highest values of mean fruit weight, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content, and maturity index regardless of the salinity level. The plants grown under the ECw of 0.8 dS m-1 and 125-100-80 g of N-P-K achieved the highest total production per plant.O estresse salino reduz o crescimento e a produção das plantas, mas adequada adubação pode minimizar os efeitos da salinidade. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a produção e a qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de pinheira irrigada com água salina e adubada com combinações de nitrogênio-fosforo e potássio no segundo ano de cultivo. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados no esquema fatorial 2 × 8, com três repetições em vasos adaptados como lisímetros de drenagem em ambiente protegido no município de Campina Grande, PB. Os fatores foram constituídos por dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,8 e 3,0 dS m-1) e oito combinações de adubação com N-P-K sendo 100-100-100; 100-100-125; 100-125-100; 100-125-125; 125-100-100; 125-100-125; 125-125-100 e 125-125-125% da dose recomemdada (100-80-40 g de N-P2O5-K2O por planta por ano). A irrigação com águas de 3,0 dS m-1 reduz a produção de pinheira no segundo ano, mas adubação com combinação 125-100-125% de N-P-K incrementa o peso médio de frutos, teores de sólidos solúveis e ácido ascórbico. O alto valor da salinidade da água de irrigação afetou negativamente o número de gomos, de frutos e de sementes por planta, peso médio de fruto, diâmetro e altura de frutos. A combinação 125-100-40 g de N-P-K proporcionou maior peso médio de frutos, sólidos solúveis totais, ácido ascorbico e indice de maturação, independentemente do nível salino. A maior produção total por planta foi obtida nas plantas cultivadas sob CEa de 0,8 dS m-1 e 125-100-80 g de N-P-K