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Overview and challenges of citrus industry in Sergipe from 2010 to 2022
Get PDFThe Brazilian citrus industry is one of the country\u27s most significant economic and social sectors, positioning Brazil as a global leader in this field. In the state of Sergipe, the citrus industry represents 3% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), playing a crucial role in the local economy, with citrus being one of the region\u27s key agricultural products. Given this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the opportunities and challenges faced by Sergipe\u27s citrus sector between 2010 and 2022. The analysis focused on production and commercialization data for sweet oranges, considering climatic, economic, and competitive factors that impact the sector. Data on planted areas, production, crop yield, prices, and rainfall indices were gathered from public research platforms, including the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Agricultural Development Company of Sergipe (EMDAGRO). Throughout the evaluated historical series, there were fluctuations in orange planted areas, with a reduction of 45%, and a 52% decline in fruit production, largely due to climatic conditions and phytosanitary issues. Despite these ongoing challenges, projections suggest a 0.5% increase in orange yield in the coming years. High international demand and changing consumption patterns for both the fruit and its juice, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, present an opportunity for local producers, provided that proper crop management practices are implemented to address the existing challenges.The Brazilian citrus industry is one of the country\u27s most significant economic and social sectors, positioning Brazil as a global leader in this field. In the state of Sergipe, the citrus industry represents 3% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), playing a crucial role in the local economy, with citrus being one of the region\u27s key agricultural products. Given this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the opportunities and challenges faced by Sergipe\u27s citrus sector between 2010 and 2022. The analysis focused on production and commercialization data for sweet oranges, considering climatic, economic, and competitive factors that impact the sector. Data on planted areas, production, crop yield, prices, and rainfall indices were gathered from public research platforms, including the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Agricultural Development Company of Sergipe (EMDAGRO). Throughout the evaluated historical series, there were fluctuations in orange planted areas, with a reduction of 45%, and a 52% decline in fruit production, largely due to climatic conditions and phytosanitary issues. Despite these ongoing challenges, projections suggest a 0.5% increase in orange yield in the coming years. High international demand and changing consumption patterns for both the fruit and its juice, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, present an opportunity for local producers, provided that proper crop management practices are implemented to address the existing challenges
Salt stress in okra cultivated under different planting systems and mulch
Get PDFSalt stress directly affects the cultivation of glycophyte plants by reducing water and nutrient uptake, which rapidly affects growth rate and assimilate accumulation. Therefore, a planting system involving transplantation or direct seeding in combination with a plant mulch on the soil can mitigate the detrimental effects of salt stress. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the growth and biomass accumulation of okra crop under salt stress in different planting systems, with and without plant mulch. The study was conducted in polyethylene pots, under full sunlight, in Redenção - CE. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, in a 3×2×2 factorial scheme, representing three electrical conductivities of irrigation water (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 dS m-1), two planting systems (direct sowing and transplanting) and with and without plant mulch, with 6 replications. Leaf area, leaf number, root length, and dry weight of okra are negatively affected by salt stress (2.5 dS m-1) even under soil protection and different cropping systems. Plant mulch reduced the effects of salts on all biomass variables in both cropping systems at an electrical conductivity of 1.5 dS m-1.Salt stress directly affects the cultivation of glycophyte plants by reducing water and nutrient uptake, which rapidly affects growth rate and assimilate accumulation. Therefore, a planting system involving transplantation or direct seeding in combination with a plant mulch on the soil can mitigate the detrimental effects of salt stress. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the growth and biomass accumulation of okra crop under salt stress in different planting systems, with and without plant mulch. The study was conducted in polyethylene pots, under full sunlight, in Redenção - CE. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, in a 3×2×2 factorial scheme, representing three electrical conductivities of irrigation water (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 dS m-1), two planting systems (direct sowing and transplanting) and with and without plant mulch, with 6 replications. Leaf area, leaf number, root length, and dry weight of okra are negatively affected by salt stress (2.5 dS m-1) even under soil protection and different cropping systems. Plant mulch reduced the effects of salts on all biomass variables in both cropping systems at an electrical conductivity of 1.5 dS m-1
Priming of pumpkin seeds with salicylic acid in response to salt stress
Get PDFSalicylic acid is a phenolic hormone that influences the physiological and biochemical processes of plants, including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses like salinity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the priming of pumpkin seeds with salicylic acid to mitigate salt stress during germination and early development. An entirely randomized design was used, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, using different doses of the phytohormone (100, 150, and 200 mg L−1 and distilled water) and salinity levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 dS m−1), with four replicates. Two genotypes, hybrid cv. Atlas and creole variety were used. The priming period of the seeds in salicylic acid was 8 hours. Then, the seeds were packed in germitest paper, soaked in saline solution, and placed in a germinating chamber. The initial germination count, germination percentage, and abnormal seedlings were evaluated. In a greenhouse, the emergence test was conducted with the seeds primed seeds. Saline solution was provided once a day. The percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, shoot and root length, and shoot and root dry mass were evaluated. The salt stress compromised seed germination and seedling development. The hybrid was sensitive to the salinity of 2 dS m−1, while the creole variety tolerated salinity up to 2 dS m−1. Priming of pumpkin seedlings with salicylic acid did not relieve salt stress during germination and early development.Salicylic acid is a phenolic hormone that influences the physiological and biochemical processes of plants, including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses like salinity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the priming of pumpkin seeds with salicylic acid to mitigate salt stress during germination and early development. An entirely randomized design was used, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, using different doses of the phytohormone (100, 150, and 200 mg L−1 and distilled water) and salinity levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 dS m−1), with four replicates. Two genotypes, hybrid cv. Atlas and creole variety were used. The priming period of the seeds in salicylic acid was 8 hours. Then, the seeds were packed in germitest paper, soaked in saline solution, and placed in a germinating chamber. The initial germination count, germination percentage, and abnormal seedlings were evaluated. In a greenhouse, the emergence test was conducted with the seeds primed seeds. Saline solution was provided once a day. The percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, shoot and root length, and shoot and root dry mass were evaluated. The salt stress compromised seed germination and seedling development. The hybrid was sensitive to the salinity of 2 dS m−1, while the creole variety tolerated salinity up to 2 dS m−1. Priming of pumpkin seedlings with salicylic acid did not relieve salt stress during germination and early development
Evaluation of jackfruit tree genotypes and estimation of genetic parameters based on fruit characteristics
Get PDFThe jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a fruit tree widely distributed in Brazil, especially on the tropical coast, in the Amazon region and in the Northeast. Despite the ideal conditions for cultivation, production occurs spontaneously and with great genetic variability, resulting in fruits of irregular quality, insufficient to meet the demands of the industry and fresh consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate jackfruit tree genotypes based on fruit characteristics and to estimate genetic parameters to identify promising genotypes in crop breeding. The experiment used a completely randomized design with three replications, the treatments were composed of 10 genotypes and the experimental plot consisted of one fruit. The following characteristics were evaluated, such as: fruit mass (FM), pulp (PM), seeds (SM) and residues (RM); longitudinal (LD) and transverse (TD) diameters; number of viable (NS) and non-viable (NSI) seeds; pulp yield (RP); fruit shape index (IFF); Total soluble solids (TSS); titulable acidity (TA) and the ratio of soluble solids to titratable acidity (ratio). High heritability was identified for PR (93.68%), NS (84.52%), TA (92.39%), and ratio (90.89%), indicating that these traits are strongly influenced by genetic factors. The PM9 and PM3 genotypes were pointed out as promising for the genetic improvement of the species.The jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a fruit tree widely distributed in Brazil, especially on the tropical coast, in the Amazon region and in the Northeast. Despite the ideal conditions for cultivation, production occurs spontaneously and with great genetic variability, resulting in fruits of irregular quality, insufficient to meet the demands of the industry and fresh consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate jackfruit tree genotypes based on fruit characteristics and to estimate genetic parameters to identify promising genotypes in crop breeding. The experiment used a completely randomized design with three replications, the treatments were composed of 10 genotypes and the experimental plot consisted of one fruit. The following characteristics were evaluated, such as: fruit mass (FM), pulp (PM), seeds (SM) and residues (RM); longitudinal (LD) and transverse (TD) diameters; number of viable (NS) and non-viable (NSI) seeds; pulp yield (RP); fruit shape index (IFF); Total soluble solids (TSS); titulable acidity (TA) and the ratio of soluble solids to titratable acidity (ratio). High heritability was identified for PR (93.68%), NS (84.52%), TA (92.39%), and ratio (90.89%), indicating that these traits are strongly influenced by genetic factors. The PM9 and PM3 genotypes were pointed out as promising for the genetic improvement of the species
Antioxidant capacity, phenolic and flavonoid content in stalks and leaves of three Allium species
Get PDFThe study compared the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and scavenging capacity (IC50) of leaves and stalks/bulbs of lokio (Allium chinense G. Don), an underutilised allium species, and compared them with two commercially popular onions, i.e., spring onion (Allium fistulosum L.) and green onion (Allium ascalonicum L.). Extracts of the three alliums exhibited distinct antioxidant capacity, and significant differences existed in TPC, TFC, and IC50 among the three species. The allium stalk/bulb contained significantly higher TPC, TFC, and IC50 than its green leaf counterparts, with a strong correlation (r = 0.9064). It was observed that the TPC of the bulb/stalk of A. chinense (20.20 mg/g GAE FW) was higher as compared to A. fistulosum (19.97 mg/g GAE FW) and A. ascalonicum (19.62 mg/g GAE FW). Meanwhile, in terms of TFC, the bulb of A. ascalonicum contained the highest (5.06 mg/g QE FW), followed by A. chinense (3.63 mg/g QE FW) and A. fistulosum (1.70 mg/g QE FW). Among the three alliums, A. chinense had the highest antioxidant capacity, as indicated by a lower IC50 in the white stalks (97.40 ppm), followed by A. ascalonicum (98.21 ppm) and A. fistulosum (100.80 ppm). This study also revealed strong correlations (r > 0.90) between TPC, TFC, and the antioxidant capacity of tested allium. The results of the current assessment would be useful for future studies and applications of lokio (Allium chinense G. Don) as an alternative to popular spring onion and green onion in food, nutraceuticals, and cosmetic product development.The study compared the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and scavenging capacity (IC50) of leaves and stalks/bulbs of lokio (Allium chinense G. Don), an underutilised allium species, and compared them with two commercially popular onions, i.e., spring onion (Allium fistulosum L.) and green onion (Allium ascalonicum L.). Extracts of the three alliums exhibited distinct antioxidant capacity, and significant differences existed in TPC, TFC, and IC50 among the three species. The allium stalk/bulb contained significantly higher TPC, TFC, and IC50 than its green leaf counterparts, with a strong correlation (r = 0.9064). It was observed that the TPC of the bulb/stalk of A. chinense (20.20 mg/g GAE FW) was higher as compared to A. fistulosum (19.97 mg/g GAE FW) and A. ascalonicum (19.62 mg/g GAE FW). Meanwhile, in terms of TFC, the bulb of A. ascalonicum contained the highest (5.06 mg/g QE FW), followed by A. chinense (3.63 mg/g QE FW) and A. fistulosum (1.70 mg/g QE FW). Among the three alliums, A. chinense had the highest antioxidant capacity, as indicated by a lower IC50 in the white stalks (97.40 ppm), followed by A. ascalonicum (98.21 ppm) and A. fistulosum (100.80 ppm). This study also revealed strong correlations (r > 0.90) between TPC, TFC, and the antioxidant capacity of tested allium. The results of the current assessment would be useful for future studies and applications of lokio (Allium chinense G. Don) as an alternative to popular spring onion and green onion in food, nutraceuticals, and cosmetic product development
Development of a beverage from pitahaya Hylocereus ocamponis esweetened with yacon (smallanthus sonchifolius) syrup: effect on bioactive compounds and sensy properties
Get PDFThe production of pitahaya (Hylocereus ocamponis) in Peru has been increasing due to its health benefits, attributed to its bioactive compounds. On the other hand, yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), due to its fructooligosaccharides (FOS), presents prebiotic activity with great potential for health. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the bioactive compounds and sensory characteristics of pitahaya juice drink sweetened with yacon syrup, using a Completely Random Design with Factorial Arrangement (3x3), for the dilution of pitahaya juice of 1:2.5, 1:3.0 and 1:3.5 and the concentration of yacon syrup of 30, 40 and 50 °Brix. Vitamin C, total polyphenol compounds, antioxidant capacity, FOS, pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity were evaluated. Sensory characteristics of color, odour, flavor and appearance were also evaluated. The treatment at 50°Brix and 1:2.5 dilution presented a higher content of Vitamin C (P≤0.05) of 0.589 ± 0.028 mg/100mL, antioxidant capacity 560.9 ± 1.6 µg Trolox/100mL, FOS of 296 ± 0.003 µg FOS/100mL, while the treatment at 30°Brix and 1:2.5 dilution had higher values (P≤0,05) of 117.9 ± 0.2 mg EAG/100 mL for phenolic compounds and the best sensory characteristics. This study shows that this drink could be a potential functional food.The production of pitahaya (Hylocereus ocamponis) in Peru has been increasing due to its health benefits, attributed to its bioactive compounds. On the other hand, yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), due to its fructooligosaccharides (FOS), presents prebiotic activity with great potential for health. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the bioactive compounds and sensory characteristics of pitahaya juice drink sweetened with yacon syrup, using a Completely Random Design with Factorial Arrangement (3x3), for the dilution of pitahaya juice of 1:2.5, 1:3.0 and 1:3.5 and the concentration of yacon syrup of 30, 40 and 50 °Brix. Vitamin C, total polyphenol compounds, antioxidant capacity, FOS, pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity were evaluated. Sensory characteristics of color, odour, flavor and appearance were also evaluated. The treatment at 50°Brix and 1:2.5 dilution presented a higher content of Vitamin C (P≤0.05) of 0.589 ± 0.028 mg/100mL, antioxidant capacity 560.9 ± 1.6 µg Trolox/100mL, FOS of 296 ± 0.003 µg FOS/100mL, while the treatment at 30°Brix and 1:2.5 dilution had higher values (P≤0,05) of 117.9 ± 0.2 mg EAG/100 mL for phenolic compounds and the best sensory characteristics. This study shows that this drink could be a potential functional food
Winter pruning timing, development and quality of Cabernet Sauvignon in Southern Brazil
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of winter pruning timing on phenology, productivity, and quality of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines in 2022/2023 production cycle. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 3 replications, each experimental unit consisted of 5 plants. The treatments involved four pruning timings (end of May, June, July and August). Phenology assessments were beginning and end of bud break, flowering, maturation and percentage of bud break. Production was evaluated by the number of clusters per plant, weight and size of clusters, productivity per plant and per hectare. The analyzes of must were pH, total acidity and soluble solids (°Brix). In wine, pH, total acidity, sugars, alcohol, volatile acidity and color were analyzed. In the end a wine sensory analysis was carried out. The results showed that the bud break of plants pruned early, in May, occurred at the same time as plants pruned in June and July. Early pruning resulted in lower productivity. The grape must from plants pruned late, in August, showed higher total acidity and lower values of soluble solids and sugars. Early pruning did not change the duration of the cultivar\u27s phenological subperiods, nor did it bring forward the harvest in relation to the control. The different pruning times influenced productivity more than the composition of grapes and wines, indicating that it is possible to extend the pruning period.The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of winter pruning timing on phenology, productivity, and quality of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines in 2022/2023 production cycle. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 3 replications, each experimental unit consisted of 5 plants. The treatments involved four pruning timings (end of May, June, July and August). Phenology assessments were beginning and end of bud break, flowering, maturation and percentage of bud break. Production was evaluated by the number of clusters per plant, weight and size of clusters, productivity per plant and per hectare. The analyzes of must were pH, total acidity and soluble solids (°Brix). In wine, pH, total acidity, sugars, alcohol, volatile acidity and color were analyzed. In the end a wine sensory analysis was carried out. The results showed that the bud break of plants pruned early, in May, occurred at the same time as plants pruned in June and July. Early pruning resulted in lower productivity. The grape must from plants pruned late, in August, showed higher total acidity and lower values of soluble solids and sugars. Early pruning did not change the duration of the cultivar\u27s phenological subperiods, nor did it bring forward the harvest in relation to the control. The different pruning times influenced productivity more than the composition of grapes and wines, indicating that it is possible to extend the pruning period
Multivariate and correlation network analyses in the selection of papaya cultivars in Mato Grosso, Brazil
Get PDFPapaya (Carica papaya L.) is among the most widely grown fruit species in the world and have significant economic importance in Brazil. However, most of the Brazilian production is concentrated in the Northeast and Southeast regions, limiting the potential expansion of this production chain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of papaya cultivars from the Solo and Formosa groups in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, focusing on the combination of high-yield traits, fruit quality, and consumer acceptance through canonical variable analysis. The research was conducted in Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil, using 11 papaya cultivars (Golden, Golden-THB, Aliança, UC14, UC16, UC12, Bela-Nova, Calimosa, Rubi-Incaper-511, T2, and Tainung-1). The cultivars showed significantly different results. Overall, they met the standards required by both national and international markets in terms of fruit physical appearance. Golden-THB (Solo group) showed the highest yield, while Golden had the highest ascorbic acid and beta-carotene contents. Rubi-Incaper-511 and UC16 were the most preferred by consumers, according to the sensory analysis.Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is among the most widely grown fruit species in the world and have significant economic importance in Brazil. However, most of the Brazilian production is concentrated in the Northeast and Southeast regions, limiting the potential expansion of this production chain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of papaya cultivars from the Solo and Formosa groups in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, focusing on the combination of high-yield traits, fruit quality, and consumer acceptance through canonical variable analysis. The research was conducted in Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil, using 11 papaya cultivars (Golden, Golden-THB, Aliança, UC14, UC16, UC12, Bela-Nova, Calimosa, Rubi-Incaper-511, T2, and Tainung-1). The cultivars showed significantly different results. Overall, they met the standards required by both national and international markets in terms of fruit physical appearance. Golden-THB (Solo group) showed the highest yield, while Golden had the highest ascorbic acid and beta-carotene contents. Rubi-Incaper-511 and UC16 were the most preferred by consumers, according to the sensory analysis
Root development of pineapple seedlings cultivars inoculated with Fusarium guttiforme isolates
Get PDFFusariosis caused by Fusarium guttiforme is responsible for losses in pineapple production in tropical regions. Information on potential damage to the root system at the early stages of plant development and the magnitude of damage caused by different F. guttiforme isolates is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the genotype x isolate interaction in pineapple root development. The experimental trial was set up in a randomized block design with four replications in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement (pineapple cultivars x F. guttiforme isolates + control). The following variables were evaluated at 90 days after inoculation: number of branches, root length, mean root diameter, total root perimeter, root surface area, shoot fresh mass, root fresh mass, shoot dry mass, and root dry mass. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared by Tukey’s test (p > 0.05). The cultivar Pérola showed a higher reduction in root development when inoculated with F. guttiforme. The cultivars Smooth Cayenne and BRS Vitória showed no changes in root development when inoculated, while ‘IAC Fantástico’ presented damage in the root system when inoculated with the isolates CF/UENF 512, CF/UENF 516, and CF/UENF 528. Pineapple plants may experience reductions in root length, number of branches, and, consequently, root volume when infected by F. guttiforme at the initial stage of development.Fusariosis caused by Fusarium guttiforme is responsible for losses in pineapple production in tropical regions. Information on potential damage to the root system at the early stages of plant development and the magnitude of damage caused by different F. guttiforme isolates is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the genotype x isolate interaction in pineapple root development. The experimental trial was set up in a randomized block design with four replications in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement (pineapple cultivars x F. guttiforme isolates + control). The following variables were evaluated at 90 days after inoculation: number of branches, root length, mean root diameter, total root perimeter, root surface area, shoot fresh mass, root fresh mass, shoot dry mass, and root dry mass. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared by Tukey’s test (p > 0.05). The cultivar Pérola showed a higher reduction in root development when inoculated with F. guttiforme. The cultivars Smooth Cayenne and BRS Vitória showed no changes in root development when inoculated, while ‘IAC Fantástico’ presented damage in the root system when inoculated with the isolates CF/UENF 512, CF/UENF 516, and CF/UENF 528. Pineapple plants may experience reductions in root length, number of branches, and, consequently, root volume when infected by F. guttiforme at the initial stage of development
Performance of ‘Tahiti’ acid lime on new rootstocks resistant to citrus gummosis
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth of ‘Tahiti’ acid lime on citrus rootstocks. The experiment was established in December 2016 at the Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte Campus, MT. The experimental design was a randomized block with 13 treatments, four replications, and five plants/plot. The treatments included commercial and hybrid rootstocks, named and coded as follows: ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ lemon tree (LCRSC), ‘Cravo CNPMF - 03’ lemon tree (LCR-03), ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (CTSW), ‘Sunki Tropical’ tangerine tree (TSKTR), ‘San Diego’ citrandarin (CTRSD), ‘Indio’ citrandarin (CTRI), HTR - 069, TSKC x TRFD - 003, TSKC x TRFD - 006, TSKC x CTSW - 028, TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 059, LVK x LCR - 038, and LRF x (LCR x TR) - 005. The planting spacing and density were 6.25 m x 2.75 m, 582 plants per hectare. The variables assessed were plant height, rootstock and grafting trunk diameter, rootstock/grafting compatibility ratio, vegetative vigor index (IVV), and canopy diameter and volume. All rootstock/scion combinations exhibited graft compatibility and vegetative growth of the canopy in accordance with the physiology of ‘Tahiti’ acid lime up to 36 months of age. Except for CTRSD, the largest canopy volumes and IVV were observed in plants on commercial rootstocks, while HTR - 069 and LRF x (LCR x TR) - 005 induced the lowest values, with LRF x (LCR x TR) - 005 resulting in the smallest plant height.The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth of ‘Tahiti’ acid lime on citrus rootstocks. The experiment was established in December 2016 at the Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte Campus, MT. The experimental design was a randomized block with 13 treatments, four replications, and five plants/plot. The treatments included commercial and hybrid rootstocks, named and coded as follows: ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ lemon tree (LCRSC), ‘Cravo CNPMF - 03’ lemon tree (LCR-03), ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (CTSW), ‘Sunki Tropical’ tangerine tree (TSKTR), ‘San Diego’ citrandarin (CTRSD), ‘Indio’ citrandarin (CTRI), HTR - 069, TSKC x TRFD - 003, TSKC x TRFD - 006, TSKC x CTSW - 028, TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 059, LVK x LCR - 038, and LRF x (LCR x TR) - 005. The planting spacing and density were 6.25 m x 2.75 m, 582 plants per hectare. The variables assessed were plant height, rootstock and grafting trunk diameter, rootstock/grafting compatibility ratio, vegetative vigor index (IVV), and canopy diameter and volume. All rootstock/scion combinations exhibited graft compatibility and vegetative growth of the canopy in accordance with the physiology of ‘Tahiti’ acid lime up to 36 months of age. Except for CTRSD, the largest canopy volumes and IVV were observed in plants on commercial rootstocks, while HTR - 069 and LRF x (LCR x TR) - 005 induced the lowest values, with LRF x (LCR x TR) - 005 resulting in the smallest plant height