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Shinus molle essential oil against Aspergillus parasiticus and Cladosporium cladosporiodes
Get PDFAspergillus parasiticus and Cladosporium cladosporioides are fungi that present significant health risks. This study explored the antifungal potential of Shinus molle essential oil, a plant with a rich cultural history of medicinal and environmental uses. The essential oil was extracted from the leaves of Shinus molle using hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were established based on the radial growth of A. parasiticus and C. cladosporioides. The IC50 of the essential oil was specifically evaluated to assess spore germination. The primary compounds identified in the essential oil of S. molle included α-pinene, α-phellandrene, and γ-elemene. The findings revealed that the essential oil inhibited over 50% of the radial growth of both fungi after 96 hours. However, no significant differences were observed in the IC50 values for spore germination at 24 hours compared to the controls. The MIC recorded was notably high for the fungi evaluated. This study suggests that while S. molle essential oil does not inhibit the germination of A. parasiticus and C. cladosporioides, it restricts their growth radial at elevated concentrations.Aspergillus parasiticus and Cladosporium cladosporioides are fungi that present significant health risks. This study explored the antifungal potential of Shinus molle essential oil, a plant with a rich cultural history of medicinal and environmental uses. The essential oil was extracted from the leaves of Shinus molle using hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were established based on the radial growth of A. parasiticus and C. cladosporioides. The IC50 of the essential oil was specifically evaluated to assess spore germination. The primary compounds identified in the essential oil of S. molle included α-pinene, α-phellandrene, and γ-elemene. The findings revealed that the essential oil inhibited over 50% of the radial growth of both fungi after 96 hours. However, no significant differences were observed in the IC50 values for spore germination at 24 hours compared to the controls. The MIC recorded was notably high for the fungi evaluated. This study suggests that while S. molle essential oil does not inhibit the germination of A. parasiticus and C. cladosporioides, it restricts their growth radial at elevated concentrations
Fertilizing and protective potential of castor oil cake on soil and morphological parameters of eggplant (Solanuma melongena)
Get PDFVegetable crops are the backbone of agriculture. However, low soil fertility, pest spreading, high cost of chemical fertilizers and effects of pesticides have prompted the search for sustainable alternatives. This study investigated the action of castor oil cake doses on soil properties, rooty nematodes and eggplant parameters. The experiment was conducted on a Fisher block design (4x5). The treatments applied included the negative control, Triple 15 and different doses of castor oil cake (1; 1.9 and 2.8 t/ha). The incorporation of the oil cake changed the texture from clayey-sandy to loamy-sandy. The soil pH changed from 3.9 to 4.6. The saturation rate, the sum of exchangeable bases and the cation exchange capacity also increased by 30 to 41% respectively; 0.94 to 1.36% and 3.1 to 3.29%. Nitrogen content increased from 0.048 to 0.084%, phosphorus and potassium contents did not change. Organic matter rate increased from 0.84 to 2.92%. Analysis of variance showed a significant effect (p < 0.05). Plant mortality rates due to nematode were 25.25% for the negative control, 19.12% for the positive control (triple 15), 13% for D1 (1 t/ha of castor cake) and 0.00% for D2 (1.9 t/ha of castor cake) and D3 (2.8 t/ha of castor cake). Yields varied (from 3.58 to 6.80 t/ha) depending on the treatments.Vegetable crops are the backbone of agriculture. However, low soil fertility, pest spreading, high cost of chemical fertilizers and effects of pesticides have prompted the search for sustainable alternatives. This study investigated the action of castor oil cake doses on soil properties, rooty nematodes and eggplant parameters. The experiment was conducted on a Fisher block design (4x5). The treatments applied included the negative control, Triple 15 and different doses of castor oil cake (1; 1.9 and 2.8 t/ha). The incorporation of the oil cake changed the texture from clayey-sandy to loamy-sandy. The soil pH changed from 3.9 to 4.6. The saturation rate, the sum of exchangeable bases and the cation exchange capacity also increased by 30 to 41% respectively; 0.94 to 1.36% and 3.1 to 3.29%. Nitrogen content increased from 0.048 to 0.084%, phosphorus and potassium contents did not change. Organic matter rate increased from 0.84 to 2.92%. Analysis of variance showed a significant effect (p < 0.05). Plant mortality rates due to nematode were 25.25% for the negative control, 19.12% for the positive control (triple 15), 13% for D1 (1 t/ha of castor cake) and 0.00% for D2 (1.9 t/ha of castor cake) and D3 (2.8 t/ha of castor cake). Yields varied (from 3.58 to 6.80 t/ha) depending on the treatments
Post-harvest conservation of banana ‘Prata Gorutuba’ using giberelic acid
Get PDFGibberellic acid is a plant growth regulator, naturally occurring in the plant, and is indicated to prolong the post-harvest life of bananas, increasing the storage and commercialization period. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the conservation period of ‘Prata-Gorutuba’ bananas with different concentrations of gibberellic acid associated with refrigerated storage and modified atmosphere. ‘Prata-Gorutuba’ banana fruits were used to set up two independent experiments. In the first, the fruits were stored for 25 days in a cold room (14.5 ± 1 °C and relative humidity of 85 ± 5%) and the evaluations were carried out five days apart. In the second experiment, the fruits were removed from the cold chamber and packaging after 25 days of storage and kept in ambient conditions (25± 1 °C) for complete ripening and evaluations were carried out daily for five days. The experimental design for the two experiments was the DIC, with the first experiment in a 5x6 factorial scheme (concentrations x evaluation periods) and in the second experiment in a 5x5 factorial scheme (concentrations x evaluation periods), with four replications and four fruits per repetition. In the first experiment, concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm of gibberellic acid were efficient in keeping the fruits stored for 25 days, at refrigerated temperatures and a modified atmosphere, positively influencing the color, pH and acidity characteristics. In the second experiment, gibberellic acid was efficient in delaying the color development of fruits stored for 29 days.Gibberellic acid is a plant growth regulator, naturally occurring in the plant, and is indicated to prolong the post-harvest life of bananas, increasing the storage and commercialization period. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the conservation period of ‘Prata-Gorutuba’ bananas with different concentrations of gibberellic acid associated with refrigerated storage and modified atmosphere. ‘Prata-Gorutuba’ banana fruits were used to set up two independent experiments. In the first, the fruits were stored for 25 days in a cold room (14.5 ± 1 °C and relative humidity of 85 ± 5%) and the evaluations were carried out five days apart. In the second experiment, the fruits were removed from the cold chamber and packaging after 25 days of storage and kept in ambient conditions (25± 1 °C) for complete ripening and evaluations were carried out daily for five days. The experimental design for the two experiments was the DIC, with the first experiment in a 5x6 factorial scheme (concentrations x evaluation periods) and in the second experiment in a 5x5 factorial scheme (concentrations x evaluation periods), with four replications and four fruits per repetition. In the first experiment, concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm of gibberellic acid were efficient in keeping the fruits stored for 25 days, at refrigerated temperatures and a modified atmosphere, positively influencing the color, pH and acidity characteristics. In the second experiment, gibberellic acid was efficient in delaying the color development of fruits stored for 29 days
Cluster analysis of four lowland chili varieties (Capsicum annum L.) based on source-sink characters
Get PDFLowlands chili cultivation has lower productivity than highland areas in Indonesia. The increased assimilate translocation to fruit can support crop yield. Source-sink character is a method for yield evaluation. This study aimed to identify growth characteristics related to source-sink relationship and yield-limiting factors of lowland chili. This study used chili varieties adaptive to lowland conditions, namely Kencana, Lembang-1, Tanjung-2, and Ungara. The research was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The results based on cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) of yield and yield components, showed that Kencana and Lembang-1 were classified as small-diameter chili fruit that had a similarity of 65.02%, while Tanjung-2 and Ungara as large-diameter chili fruit groups with a similarity of 51.82%. The small-diameter chili fruit group had low efficiency in fruit partition because the supply of assimilate to fruit was distrupted due to competition with leaf growth and number of fruits. The large-diameter chili fruit group had high efficiency in fruit partition by increasing root growth and fruit development but minimizing vegetative shoot growth. Thus, Tanjung-2 and Ungara had greater biomass efficiency to fruit partitioning than Kencana and Lembang-1. It was concluded that the source of assimilate was identified as yield limiting factor in lowland chili varieties
is study aimed to identify growth characteristics related to source-sink relationship and yield-limiting factors of lowland chili. This study used chili varieties adaptive to lowland conditions, namely Kencana, Lembang-1, Tanjung-2, and Ungara. The research was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The results based on cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) of yield and yield components, showed that Kencana and Lembang-1 were classified as small-diameter chili fruit that had a similarity of 65.02%, while Tanjung-2 and Ungara as large-diameter chili fruit groups with a similarity of 51.82%. The small-diameter chili fruit group had low efficiency in fruit partition because the supply of assimilate to fruit was distrupted due to competition with leaf growth and number of fruits. The large-diameter chili fruit group had high efficiency in fruit partition by increasing root growth and fruit development but minimizing vegetative shoot growth. Thus, Tanjung-2 and Ungara had greater biomass efficiency to fruit partitioning than Kencana and Lembang-1. It was concluded that the source of assimilate was identified as yield limiting factor in lowland chili varietiesLowlands chili cultivation has lower productivity than highland areas in Indonesia. The increased assimilate translocation to fruit can support crop yield. Source-sink character is a method for yield evaluation. This study aimed to identify growth characteristics related to source-sink relationship and yield-limiting factors of lowland chili. This study used chili varieties adaptive to lowland conditions, namely Kencana, Lembang-1, Tanjung-2, and Ungara. The research was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The results based on cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) of yield and yield components, showed that Kencana and Lembang-1 were classified as small-diameter chili fruit that had a similarity of 65.02%, while Tanjung-2 and Ungara as large-diameter chili fruit groups with a similarity of 51.82%. The small-diameter chili fruit group had low efficiency in fruit partition because the supply of assimilate to fruit was distrupted due to competition with leaf growth and number of fruits. The large-diameter chili fruit group had high efficiency in fruit partition by increasing root growth and fruit development but minimizing vegetative shoot growth. Thus, Tanjung-2 and Ungara had greater biomass efficiency to fruit partitioning than Kencana and Lembang-1. It was concluded that the source of assimilate was identified as yield limiting factor in lowland chili varietie
Mitigating drought stress in Catharanthus roseus along with nano-iron enriched algal fertilizer application: a sustainable approach for enhanced growth and secondary metabolite production
Get PDFAlgal biomass enriched with iron nanoparticles, termed as Nano-Phyco Fertilizer (NPF) offers a novel and sustainable strategy to improve plant growth and secondary metabolite production in Catharanthus roseus, particularly under drought conditions. This study evaluated the effects of NPF and NPF combined with drought stress (NPF+DS) on plant morphology, growth parameters, and the biosynthesis of key alkaloids including vinblastine, vincristine, catharanthine, and vindoline. While NPF alone significantly enhanced growth traits such as shoot and root length, leaf number, and biomass accumulation, it did not markedly increase alkaloid content. In contrast, the NPF+DS treatment not only improved growth performance relative to drought-stressed controls but also significantly elevated secondary metabolite levels. Total alkaloid content increased by 3.5-fold, with vinblastine, vincristine, catharanthine, and vindoline levels rising by 4.16, 3.3, 3.2, and 2.1 fold respectively, compared to the control. These findings suggest that NPF application under drought stress can mitigate the adverse effects of water scarcity while simultaneously promoting the accumulation of valuable therapeutic compounds. This dual effect makes NPF a promising, eco-friendly tool for enhancing both biomass and phytochemical yield in medicinal plant cultivation under challenging environmental conditionsAlgal biomass enriched with iron nanoparticles, termed as Nano-Phyco Fertilizer (NPF) offers a novel and sustainable strategy to improve plant growth and secondary metabolite production in Catharanthus roseus, particularly under drought conditions. This study evaluated the effects of NPF and NPF combined with drought stress (NPF+DS) on plant morphology, growth parameters, and the biosynthesis of key alkaloids including vinblastine, vincristine, catharanthine, and vindoline. While NPF alone significantly enhanced growth traits such as shoot and root length, leaf number, and biomass accumulation, it did not markedly increase alkaloid content. In contrast, the NPF+DS treatment not only improved growth performance relative to drought-stressed controls but also significantly elevated secondary metabolite levels. Total alkaloid content increased by 3.5-fold, with vinblastine, vincristine, catharanthine, and vindoline levels rising by 4.16, 3.3, 3.2, and 2.1 fold respectively, compared to the control. These findings suggest that NPF application under drought stress can mitigate the adverse effects of water scarcity while simultaneously promoting the accumulation of valuable therapeutic compounds. This dual effect makes NPF a promising, eco-friendly tool for enhancing both biomass and phytochemical yield in medicinal plant cultivation under challenging environmental condition
Introduction and evaluation of blueberry cultivars for the state of ceará
Get PDFBlueberry is a crop commonly associated with temperate climates. Depending on the species, it may appear as semi-prostrate plants, shrubs, or small trees of varying heights. With the emergence of cultivars from the Southern Highbush group, several countries in the Southern Hemisphere have invested in blueberry cultivation, driven by global demand, economic profitability, and the versatile use of the fruit, especially considering its nutraceutical properties. Blueberries are a high-value fruit with strong market potential, which has led to increased local interest in cultivation, encouraged by state policies that promote crop diversification to enhance the value of agricultural production in the state. This study aims to provide data to support blueberry cultivation in the state of Ceará. Three blueberry cultivars (Biloxi, Biloxi XL, and Emerald) were evaluated under the climatic conditions of the Baturité massif region. Five morphological descriptors and nine productive descriptors were analyzed. Regarding productive aspects, ‘Biloxi’ achieved the best results in terms of fruit size and quantity. The Biloxi cultivar demonstrated greater hardiness under climatic conditions. Alternative cultivation systems to fertigation require further research, as inadequate practices may prevent cultivars from reaching their maximum productive potential.
Blueberry is a crop commonly associated with temperate climates. Depending on the species, it may appear as semi-prostrate plants, shrubs, or small trees of varying heights. With the emergence of cultivars from the Southern Highbush group, several countries in the Southern Hemisphere have invested in blueberry cultivation, driven by global demand, economic profitability, and the versatile use of the fruit, especially considering its nutraceutical properties. Blueberries are a high-value fruit with strong market potential, which has led to increased local interest in cultivation, encouraged by state policies that promote crop diversification to enhance the value of agricultural production in the state. This study aims to provide data to support blueberry cultivation in the state of Ceará. Three blueberry cultivars (Biloxi, Biloxi XL, and Emerald) were evaluated under the climatic conditions of the Baturité massif region. Five morphological descriptors and nine productive descriptors were analyzed. Regarding productive aspects, ‘Biloxi’ achieved the best results in terms of fruit size and quantity. The Biloxi cultivar demonstrated greater hardiness under climatic conditions. Alternative cultivation systems to fertigation require further research, as inadequate practices may prevent cultivars from reaching their maximum productive potential
Phenology and fruit quality of Surinam cherry trees in orchards: training system and seedling growth environment
Get PDFSurinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) is a fruit tree species native to Brazil that produces fruits with potential forfood, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, there is no technical information for growing Surinamcherry in orchards. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenology and fruit quality of Surinam cherrytrees grown from minicuttings, based on effects of shading during seedling formation and orchard trainingsystems. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), from 2018 to2021. A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used, in a 5×3 factorial arrangement,consisted of light intensities during seedling formation and orchard training systems, with varying experimentalunits according to the analyses. Surinam cherry trees showed differences in the beginning and range of floweringand fruit maturation according to the shading environment used for seedling formation and the orchard trainingsystem. The fruit quality of Surinam cherry trees grown from minicuttings was not affected by the analyzedfactors.Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) is a fruit tree species native to Brazil that produces fruits with potential forfood, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, there is no technical information for growing Surinamcherry in orchards. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenology and fruit quality of Surinam cherrytrees grown from minicuttings, based on effects of shading during seedling formation and orchard trainingsystems. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), from 2018 to2021. A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used, in a 5×3 factorial arrangement,consisted of light intensities during seedling formation and orchard training systems, with varying experimentalunits according to the analyses. Surinam cherry trees showed differences in the beginning and range of floweringand fruit maturation according to the shading environment used for seedling formation and the orchard trainingsystem. The fruit quality of Surinam cherry trees grown from minicuttings was not affected by the analyzedfactors.
Cost and profitability of tomato cultivation in a protected environment with different spacings
Get PDFThe tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a crop of great global economic importance due to its extensive cultivation area, in addition to generating employment and income. Climatic conditions are a major obstacle to production, requiring the use of a protected environment to produce quality fruits. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the cost and profitability of tomato cultivation in a traditional cultivation environment, covered with plastic film, and in a cultivation environment covered with polycarbonate and water film, using different spacings as a decision-making criterion. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril in the municipality of Sinop - MT. Different environments were used: greenhouse covered with 150 micron agricultural film and greenhouse covered with polycarbonate with the application of a water film for cooling and five spacings: 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5 and 0.6 m. Commercial productivity, total operating cost and profitability were evaluated. For both environments, the 0.2 and 0.3 m spacings showed greater productivity and consequently gross revenue, which was reflected in profitability parameters such as operating profit, gross margin, profitability index, leveling point and price. The other spacings tested did not show economic viability.The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a crop of great global economic importance due to its extensive cultivation area, in addition to generating employment and income. Climatic conditions are a major obstacle to production, requiring the use of a protected environment to produce quality fruits. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the cost and profitability of tomato cultivation in a traditional cultivation environment, covered with plastic film, and in a cultivation environment covered with polycarbonate and water film, using different spacings as a decision-making criterion. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril in the municipality of Sinop - MT. Different environments were used: greenhouse covered with 150 micron agricultural film and greenhouse covered with polycarbonate with the application of a water film for cooling and five spacings: 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5 and 0.6 m. Commercial productivity, total operating cost and profitability were evaluated. For both environments, the 0.2 and 0.3 m spacings showed greater productivity and consequently gross revenue, which was reflected in profitability parameters such as operating profit, gross margin, profitability index, leveling point and price. The other spacings tested did not show economic viability
English
No full texthe observation of morpho-agronomic characteristics of ornamental chili pepper is essential to enhance diversity and get novel cultivars. Interspecific crossing is extremely effective in introducing a desirable character, resulting in a novel cultivar of agronomic relevance. This study aimed to identify the genetic diversity of crossing two open-pollinated ornamental chili pepper cultivars (‘Black Pearl’/Capsicum annuum & ‘Rawit Prentul’/Capsicum frutescens) as parents based on twenty morpho-agronomic characters (plant, flower, and fruit). The genetic diversity analysis in interspecific ornamental pepper offspring shows varying results from narrow to broad diversity. The broad genetic diversity in F1 Black Pearl x Rawit Prentul is found in replace with vegetative character, while the reciprocal cross (Rawit Prentul x Black Pearl) is seen in replace with vegetative and fruit characteristics. change The heatmap analysis identified the F1 into three major clusters while the dendogram analysis divided the F1 and F1 reciprocal into four major clusters. In F1 offsprings showed significantly negative and positive correlation between fruit color and morpho-agronomics character.he observation of morpho-agronomic characteristics of ornamental chili pepper is essential to enhance diversity and get novel cultivars. Interspecific crossing is extremely effective in introducing a desirable character, resulting in a novel cultivar of agronomic relevance. This study aimed to identify the genetic diversity of crossing two open-pollinated ornamental chili pepper cultivars (‘Black Pearl’/Capsicum annuum & ‘Rawit Prentul’/Capsicum frutescens) as parents based on twenty morpho-agronomic characters (plant, flower, and fruit). The genetic diversity analysis in interspecific ornamental pepper offspring shows varying results from narrow to broad diversity. The broad genetic diversity in F1 Black Pearl x Rawit Prentul is found in replace with vegetative character, while the reciprocal cross (Rawit Prentul x Black Pearl) is seen in replace with vegetative and fruit characteristics. change The heatmap analysis identified the F1 into three major clusters while the dendogram analysis divided the F1 and F1 reciprocal into four major clusters. In F1 offsprings showed significantly negative and positive correlation between fruit color and morpho-agronomics character
Analysis of growth, nutrient uptake and production of three virus-free garlic cultivars
Get PDFGarlic cultivars in southern Brazil are virus-free, however, the rate of nutrient absorption and plant growth is unknown. The objective of this work was to determine the growth curve, production and nutrient uptake of three virus-free garlic cultivars. The experiment was conducted in Fraiburgo, SC state, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The treatments were arranjed in a factorial 3 x 10 scheme with parcel subdivided in time. The three cultivars (Ito, Caçador and Quitéria) were distributed in the parcels and ten collects (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126 and 140 days after planting) were the subparcel. The plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and extraction of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu were determined. The three cultivars present differences in their growth curve and accumulation of nutrients. Nutrient extraction and dry mass accumulation are highly intensified after the plants differentiation into cloves. The maximum accumulation of all nutrients and the bulbs and total dry mass of plants occur at harvest. The nutrients absorption follows the sequence: K>N>Ca>P>Mg>Fe>Zn>Cu.Garlic cultivars in southern Brazil are virus-free, however, the rate of nutrient absorption and plant growth is unknown. The objective of this work was to determine the growth curve, production and nutrient uptake of three virus-free garlic cultivars. The experiment was conducted in Fraiburgo, SC state, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The treatments were arranjed in a factorial 3 x 10 scheme with parcel subdivided in time. The three cultivars (Ito, Caçador and Quitéria) were distributed in the parcels and ten collects (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126 and 140 days after planting) were the subparcel. The plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and extraction of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu were determined. The three cultivars present differences in their growth curve and accumulation of nutrients. Nutrient extraction and dry mass accumulation are highly intensified after the plants differentiation into cloves. The maximum accumulation of all nutrients and the bulbs and total dry mass of plants occur at harvest. The nutrients absorption follows the sequence: K>N>Ca>P>Mg>Fe>Zn>Cu