HAL-Université de Bretagne Occidentale
Not a member yet
75442 research outputs found
Sort by
Les étudiants connaissent-ils les droits et devoirs de leurs enseignants ?
No full textInternational audienceWe submitted 2nd year undergraduate students to a series of questions to test their knowledge of the legal framework that governs the profession of their teachers. Before being able to hypothesize that the growing non-respect of academic freedom prospers on the ignorance of the rights and duties of teachers, we still had to be sure that there was indeed a lack of knowledge. That's what we did here. A statistically significant majority of students do not know what academic freedom is and are unaware of the extent of their teachers' freedom of expression, their role as educators in civic responsibility, their guarantees of independence and serenity in their teaching and research. The students were also largely mistaken about a notion that they thought they had mastered, secularism, the pillar on which the French university is based. Ignorance and lack of training foster the adoption at the university of theories and modes of action that undermine academic freedom such as cancel culture, the fruit of a North American model of society far removed from the French model.Sometimos a estudiantes de 2º año de pregrado a una serie de preguntas para poner a prueba su conocimiento del marco legal que rige la profesión de sus docentes. Antes de poder plantear la hipótesis de que la creciente falta de respeto por la libertad académica se alimenta de la ignorancia de los derechos y deberes de los docentes, todavía teníamos que asegurarnos de que efectivamente existía una falta de conocimiento. Eso es lo que hicimos aquí. Una mayoría estadísticamente significativa de estudiantes desconoce qué es la libertad académica y desconoce el alcance de la libertad de expresión de sus profesores, su papel como educadores de responsabilidad cívica, sus garantías de independencia y serenidad en su labor docente e investigadora. Los estudiantes también se equivocaron en gran medida sobre un concepto que creían dominar: el laicismo, pilar sobre el que se basa la universidad francesa. El desconocimiento y la falta de formación fomentan la adopción en las universidades de teorías y modos de actuación perjudiciales para la libertad académica, como la cultura de la cancelación, fruto de un modelo de sociedad norteamericano muy alejado del modelo francés.Nous avons soumis des étudiants de 2e année de licence à une série de questions pour tester leur connaissance du cadre légal qui régit la profession de leurs enseignants. Avant de pouvoir émettre l’hypothèse que le non-respect croissant de la liberté académique prospère sur la méconnaissance des droits et devoirs des enseignants, encore fallait-il nous assurer qu’il y avait bien défaut de connaissance. C’est ce que nous avons fait ici. Une majorité statistiquement significative des étudiants ne sait pas ce qu’est la liberté académique et ignore l’étendue de la liberté d’expression de leurs enseignants, leur rôle d’éducateurs à la responsabilité civique, leurs garanties d’indépendance et de sérénité dans leurs travaux d’enseignement et de recherche. Les étudiants se sont aussi largement trompés sur une notion qu’ils pensaient maîtriser, la laïcité, pilier sur lequel repose l’université française. L’ignorance et le manque de formation favorisent l’adoption à l’université de théories et de modes d’action attentatoires à la liberté académique comme la cancel culture, fruit d’un modèle de société nord-américain très éloigné du modèle français
Le travail émotionnel de l'enseignant d'EPS lors de leçons de sports collectifs : une approche psychologique située
No full textInternational audienc
The emotional inducers of an elite handball coach during a season aboard : a longitudinal single case study
No full textInternational audienc
Production of enriched protein extracts from cultivated Ulva sp. (Chlorophyta, Ulvales) by high-pressure homogenization
No full textInternational audienceThe human food sector plays a crucial role in supporting population growth and ensuring human well-being. In the context of global food security, environmental challenges, and the diversification of protein sources, research into new innovative and sustainable protein sources is essential. In Europe, alternative protein sources such as cultivated seaweed are a promising solution, with potential health benefits and increased sustainability. This study investigated the use of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) to obtain protein-enriched fractions from dried biomass of cultivated Ulva sp. The biochemical composition, physical-chemistry (FTIR and granulometric analysis) and the biological activities of the supernatant and residue fractions were evaluated after HPH treatment at pressures of 0, 600, 800, and 1000 bars. Results showed that, depending on their nature, pressure significantly influenced the biochemical composition and separation of compounds into the residue and supernatant, and underlined the potential of HPH to enhance protein recovery from Ulva sp. HPH facilitated separation of ulvan polysaccharides, known for their anti-nutritional effects, and from the protein fraction with high recovery yields of 60.0% protein in the residue. The highest protein content was found in residues at 1000 bars (8.93%) compared to in the crude extract (4.1%). Amino acid analysis revealed that essential amino acids accounted for 42% of total amino acids in the Ulva sp. fraction, with high levels of valine, leucine and methionine. The ulvan fraction (concentration of rhamnose, uronic acids and sulphate groups) was preferentially extracted at 1000 bars, where the supernatants contained 28.6 ± 4.5% of uronic acids, 23.2 ± 4.9% of sulfate groups, and 3.72 ± 0.31% of rhamnose (p< 0.05).These results provide clear evidence that HPH is effective in disrupting the cell wall and facilitating the release of compounds of interest. These results also suggest that the HPH process could position cultivated Ulva sp. as an important potential source of food protein
Structural and chemical characterization of polysaccharides from the red alga Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) P.S. Dixon 1967 with antiviral, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities
No full textInternational audienc
Une approche archéologique et géographique du paysage maritime : l'exemple de la baie de Bourgneuf (côte atlantique, Pays de la Loire)
No full textProceedings of the HOMER 2021 international conference, held in September/October 2021International audienceThe Bay of Bourgneuf, an old Bay in Brittany, represents a continuum between land and ocean which is marked by human actions and occupations of this territory from the beginning to nowadays. It also appears as a vast maritime complex combining mooring areas, ports and inland waterways interconnected with former islands that have now disappeared. To understand this complex maritime landscape of the Bay of Bourgneuf, with no break between land and sea, it is necessary to focus on societal and environmental dynamics in the long term. The cross approach between archeology and geography thus allows us to address questions related to the evolution of the coastline, the formation of islands and the different types of human occupation on the coast. This interdisciplinary approach offers a global vision of the transformations, occupations and uses of both coastal areas and the maritime domain. This multidisciplinary study makes it possible to lay the first milestones of a joint work relating to the observation of land/sea interactions on a portion of an oceanic territory in an Atlantic-North context. After a brief introduction, we detail the geo-historical framework of the land under study, the history of research to build a new approach combining maritime archeology and geography, present the documentation and finally the first reflections of this multidisciplinary approach. A diachronic study of this bay, from prehistory to the pre-industrial period, with no break between land and sea, appeared relevant to document both its heritage and a landscape shaped by man and his activity. If studying old maps enables us to trace the evolution of the coastline in detail over the last three hundred years, the technique of sedimentological coring makes it possible to estimate the evolution of the coastal landscape during older periods. It also highlights the major paleo-environmental changes that have occurred over the past millennia. From a series of sedimentological cores, we are therefore trying to detect these marine horizons in the deepest strata of the ground. Once the coring has been carried out, the sedimentological analyzes will permit to finely characterize the origin of all the layers detected in the cores. They highlight the characteristic sea levels likely to testify to the historical evolution of the coastline. These observations are then compared with archaeological data from the Neolithic period to the 1850s, as well as nautical charts and representations of the coast documented since the 16th century. This bay and its surroundings currently form a vast maritime complex combining agricultural and oyster farming areas and protected natural areas. It was in the past a dense navigation area made up of moorings in the open sea, ports and inland waterways thanks to a network of channels and channels interconnected with islands that have now disappeared, because they are attached to the mainland.La baie de Bourgneuf représente un continuum entre la terre et l’océan marqué par la main de l’homme depuis les premières occupations de ce territoire jusqu’à nos jours. Elle apparaît également comme un vaste complexe maritime associant des zones de mouillages, des ports et des voies navigables intérieures interconnectées à d’anciennes îles aujourd’hui disparues. Pour appréhender ce paysage maritime complexe de la baie de Bourgneuf, sans rupture entre la terre et la mer, il est nécessaire de s’intéresser aux dynamiques sociétales et environnementales sur le temps long. L’approche croisée entre archéologie et géographie nous permet d’aborder les questions liées à l’évolution du trait de côte, à la formation des îles et aux formes de l’occupation humaine sur le littoral. Cette interdisciplinarité offre une vision globale des transformations, des occupations et des usages tant des espaces côtiers que du domaine maritime. Cet article permet de poser les premiers jalons d’un travail collectif relatif à l’observation des interactions terre / mer sur une portion d’un territoire océanique en contexte atlantique-nord. Après une brève introduction, nous détaillons le cadre géohistorique du terrain d’étude, l’historique des recherches pour construire une nouvelle approche associant archéologie maritime et géographie, la documentation exploitée et enfin les premières réflexions sur ce travail interdisciplinaire
Le syndrome phalloïdien
No full textNational audienceLe syndrome phalloïdien est provoqué par l’ingestion de champignons appartenant à trois genres : Amanita, Lepiota et Galerina. Il comprend trois phases : une période de latence asymptomatique d’au moins six heures, une phase gastro-intestinale et une phase viscérale. Depuis l’amélioration de la réanimation symptomatique, la mortalité est désormais liée à l’insuffisance hépatocellulaire. Toute suspicion d’intoxication phalloïdienne doit faire l’objet d’une prise en charge hospitalière
Punch in a Punch: Validating FLC and fracture models for severe strain path changes
No full textInternational audienceWhile generating experimental linear loading strain paths is still required for the identification of Forming and Fracture Limit Curves, non-linear loading paths are necessary to validate models for industrial applications. Commonly non-linear loading paths are achieved by interrupting oversized uniaxial or biaxial tensile experiments and extracting pre-strained specimens for further forming or fracture testing. Due to the inherent multiple manufacturing steps, this method is challenging to automate, which denies the generation of large datasets for deep analysis. The present study demonstrates that severely non-linear loading paths can be obtained in a high-throughput manner from a single specimen by means of a telescopic forming approach—specifically, a punch-in-a-punch system—within an automated Nakazima setup. Two steels and two aluminium alloys are tested, each using sets of seven Nakazima specimens, subjected to a two-step forming process. The first step is an interrupted Marciniak forming test. The displacement is then stopped and held while a secondary piston is moved out of the Marciniak punch's inner part, effectively generating a second loading path
Deglobalisation? The case for diversified and decentralised global sustainability science
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Non-technical summary Recent geopolitical events remind us of the need for a resilient, global approach to sustainability science. This Commentary argues that a diverse, bottom-up approach is essential to ensure sustainability science progresses, even amid shifting political processes that threaten international collaboration and funding. Locally driven solutions that value diverse perspectives and knowledge systems are vital for resilience. By supporting community-led action, sharing ideas across regions, and recognising that sustainability means different things in different places, we can build a more flexible, inclusive, and resilient path toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in an uncertain world. Technical summary Recent geopolitical events provide a stark reminder of the need to build a resilient, global approach to sustainability science. Centralised, top-down models of sustainability science are likely to be vulnerable to disruptions, from pandemics to wars, that threaten progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals and jeopardise decades of collaborative advancement that are needed to support future progress. We argue that a decentralised, community-empowered model provides the foundation needed for a resilient sustainability scientific effort. By prioritising local solutions, embracing diverse knowledge systems, and fostering horizontal knowledge exchange, we can create a more resilient and adaptable framework. Sustainability science initiatives need to elevate successful local initiatives, adopt transdisciplinary approaches that include underrepresented knowledge holders, build decentralised knowledge-sharing networks, and recognise that sustainability has different meanings across cultural and geographical contexts. Social media summary Decentralised sustainability science: local, diverse, and resilient in a fractious and unpredictable world