HAL-Université de Bretagne Occidentale
Not a member yet
75442 research outputs found
Sort by
Vivre avec ou accompagner des maladies chroniques et des soins technologiques : Selon quelles temporalités ?
No full textInternational audienc
Jugement scolaire et disqualification parentale. Le cas de l’élève handicapé
No full textInternational audienc
Ancrage territorial de l’éducation scolaire au milieu marin et engagement des enseignants d’éducation physique et sportive dans les aires marines éducatives
No full textInternational audienc
Opinion and report of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES) relating to an analysis of the health risks associated with exposure to caterpillars with stinging hairs and the development of management recommendations
No full textXavier Bailly et Elsa Jourdain ne sont pas auteurs mais relecteurs du rapportInternational audienceSeveral species of Lepidoptera with caterpillars bearing urticating hairs are increasing their range in metropolitan France from year to year, such as the pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Denis et Schiffermüller 1775) whose presence was historically limited to the south of France, and which is gradually being observed in the north and at higher altitudes. The procession period also seems to be appearing earlier. Climate change could have an impact on the range and phenology of this species, as well as other species of Lepidoptera with caterpillar bearing urticating hairs. Urticating caterpillars, which can trigger diffuse urticariform papules and allergic reactions for human people through contact with the skin, mucous membranes or inhalation, represent a health issue. These caterpillars also cause a health risk for animals and can have an impact on plants due to the resulting defoliation. This risk assessment therefore focused on the risk posed by these urticating caterpillars in areas where they have been established for a long time as well as in areas where they currently do not occur but could be colonized in the short or medium terms. One of the outputs of the evaluation consisted in identifying 55 different species of Lepidoptera with urticating caterpillars, for metropolitan France, but also for the overseas regions, based on the review by Kawamoto and Kumada (1984) and the GBIF database. In addition, detailed sheets for the well‐known species were drawn up, describing in particular their range, their phenology and the period when the urticating stages occur. A literature review as well as data from poison control centres and the analysis of the results of two surveys (of three associations of dermatologists/allergists and of occupational populations at risk) allowed to characterize the contexts of exposure and the human populations at risk. Concerning animal health, in addition to an epidemioclinical description based on the literature, data from veterinary poison control centres were analyzed in the specific case of dog exposure to the pine processionary between 1999 and 2021 in metropolitan french territory. Given the impact of these species of Lepidoptera on ecosystems, due to the defoliation they induce, this scientific opinion investigated the impact of these species on ecosystem services. The socio‐economic impacts of defoliations and risk management measures implemented in the event of an outbreak were studied based on a literature review and simulations for forest recreation. To represent risk for the whole metropolitan France territory, three risk maps of the human population exposure to the pine processionary, the oak processionary and the brown‐tail moth were designed at municipality level. A multi‐criteria analysis was undertaken to characterize danger (urticating caterpillars) and vulnerability of human populations. Then, the municipalities were ranked according to their level of danger and vulnerability. As a result, municipalities have been classified into 5 danger classes and 5 vulnerability classes. Based on a risk matrix with levels of hazard (abscissa axis) and levels of vulnerability (ordinate axis), 5 levels of risk were finally defined and the 34,816 municipalities of metropolitan France were classified according to their level of risk
Skn7 Regulates Response to Oxidative Stress in the Opportunistic Fungi Scedosporium apiospermum
No full textInternational audienceThe ability to survive and militate oxidative stress has received particular attention as one of the virulence factors of human pathogens. While underlying mechanisms have been largely studied for some fungi, those employed by the rising opportunistic fungal threat Scedosporium spp. are not fully understood yet. Previous transcriptomic studies helped identify the main oxidative stress-induced antioxidant enzymes in S. apiospermum. We therefore wanted to gain insight into regulators governing this response. We aimed to generate and characterize a knock-out mutant of S. apiospermum lacking the SKN7 gene, which encodes one of the main regulators of response to oxidative stress in fungi. The skn7 Delta mutant was multifacetedly characterized on phenotypic and transcriptomic levels. Findings support pertinent roles of S. apiospermum Skn7 protein in protection against different types of oxidative stress, mainly cumene hydroperoxide and diamide. Skn7 was also protective against stress-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as macrophage-mediated killing. This protection is likely mediated by the upregulation of genes encoding components of the thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin systems, which exhibit dependency on Skn7. Furthermore, we demonstrated a potential role of Skn7 in the synthesis of the hyphal cell wall. In conclusion, the response regulator Skn7 plays an essential role in protecting S. apiospermum against oxidative threat, whether generated by chemicals or by immune cells. Understanding the regulatory role of fungal Skn7 may help advance therapeutic strategies in combating fungal infections
Aperçu juridique sur le traité des actes humains de saint Thomas d'Aquin
No full textInternational audienc
Entre changement climatique et écologisation de la société, la filière forêt-bois en transition ? État des lieux de la recherche, pour une mise en perspective du numéro thématique
No full textInternational audienceThe article introduces the eponymous issue by providing perspective based on an overview of research on forests conducted mainly in France. The proliferation of theses and journal issues shows the enduring relevance of this subject within the human and social sciences, proving that a new field of research is opening up. The authors focus on the questions that drive this research and guided the call for papers that led to this issue. They conduct a cross-analysis of the included articles, which are considered representative of current studies on the forestry-wood sector. These articles are then presented individually, following a path from upstream to downstream, via the territories. The authors conclude on the significance of these writings as a key to reading and understanding transitions beyond forests.L’article introduit le dossier éponyme, par une mise en perspective fondée sur un état des lieux des recherches menées surtout en France sur les forêts. La multiplication des thèses et des numéros de revue montre l’ancrage durable de cet objet d’étude au sein des shs, prouvant l’ouverture d’un front de recherche. Les auteurs s’attardent sur les questions qui animent ces travaux et ont guidé l’appel dont émane ce dossier. Ils procèdent à une analyse croisée des articles inclus, jugés représentatifs des études en cours sur la filière forêt-bois. Ces articles sont ensuite présentés individuellement, en suivant un cheminement de l’amont à l’aval, via les territoires. Les auteurs concluent sur la portée de ces écrits, comme clé de lecture et de compréhension des transitions, au-delà des forêts
Systèmes Hybrides Texte-Image-Son (SHTIS): Un exemple dans le cadre d'une ingénierie coopérative
No full textInternational audienceUn SHTIS ou Système Hybride Texte-Image-Son selon Blocher et Lefeuvre (2017) est « un espace de représentation où cohabitent des données de natures analogiques ( l'image), digitales (le texte) et analogiques-digitales (le son, la vidéo). La cohabitation des données de nature analogiques, digitales et analogiques-digitales en un seul espace permet une première forme de représentation du monde. Le recours à cette forme de pluralisme descriptif (Descombes, 1998) donne au SHTIS sa fonction essentielle : donner à voir et à comprendre une pratique. » (Blocher &Lefeuvre, 2017). Ce système de représentation offre une vision et une compréhension d'une situation donnée en s'appuyant sur la capture de cette situation via un film. Le film contient des annotations réciproques, les éléments qui le composent se complètent et s'éclairent mutuellement (Blocher & Lefeuvre, 2017 ; Blocher, 2018 ; Sensevy & al, 2021). La recherche repose sur une approche qualitative mobilisant l'analyse de films d'étude captant des pratiques de « connaisseurs pratiques » sur le terrain éducatif. Ces films sont enrichis par des annotations et des analyses didactiques, permettant une mise en perspective des concepts clés de la Théorie de l'Action Conjointe en Didactique (TACD). L' « intrigue didactique » (Sensevy, 2011a), qui émerge de cette analyse, met en lumière les concepts clés en TACD pour mieux comprendre les pratiques présentées. Pendant l'analyse des pratiques, les notions n'écrasent pas la pratique : bien au contraire, l'objectif est de dépasser des postulats théoriques auxquels l'empirie fait percevoir une résistance à l'analyse (Le Hénaff, Messina, 2022)