Portail HAL Nantes Université
Not a member yet
120169 research outputs found
Sort by
Le bien-être subjectif : définitions, composantes et enjeux: Notes du CREN n°36
No full textNote de synthèse scientifique sur le bien-être subjectif : définitions, composantes et enjeuxSubjective well-being is classically based on two dimensions: affective and cognitive. However, these cannot be dissociated from a third: objective well-being. This latter dimension refers to material conditions (access to housing, education, healthcare, etc.) and social conditions (social networks, family, etc.), which can be measured independently of psychological experience—in other words, independently of subjectivity.Although these two aspects can be analyzed separately, they are deeply intertwined and mutually influential. A person may live in very favorable material conditions and yet not feel well. Conversely, someone in a modest social situation may report a higher level of subjective well-being than the former. While the rest of the text focuses on subjective well-being—its methods of assessment and illustrations in various fields, which are core research areas of CREN’s Theme 4—it is essential to keep in mind that both aspects are interconnected.Le bien-être subjectif : définitions, composantes et enjeux Le bien-être subjectif-tout comme son pendant, le mal-être -repose classiquement sur deux dimensions : affective et cognitive. Mais ces dernières sont indissociables d'une troisième : le bien-être objectif. Cette dernière dimension désigne les conditions matérielles (accès à un logement, à l'éducation, aux soins…) et sociales (réseau de sociabilité, famille…), mesurables indépendamment des ressentis psychiques, autrement dit, indépendamment des subjectivités. Bien que ces deux aspects puissent être analysés séparément, ils interagissent en profondeur et s'influencent mutuellement. Un sujet peut vivre dans de très bonnes conditions matérielles et ne pas nécessairement se sentir bien. A contrario une personne à la situation sociale modeste peut manifester un état de bien-être subjectif plus élevé que la précédente. Bien que la suite du texte propose un focus sur le bien-être subjectif, ses modalités d'évaluation et plusieurs illustrations dans différents domaines -objets de recherche du thème 4 du CREN -, gardons toujours à l'esprit que les deux aspects sont liés.</div
A foreign cauldron full of imports: Elemental and lead isotope analyses of bronze objects from the Hassle hoard (Late Bronze Age Period VI, HaC–HaD), Sweden
No full textInternational audienceThis study uses metal analyses to examine one of the most import-rich metalwork finds in the Scandinavian final Bronze Age—the Hassle hoard (probably deposited c. 500 BCE)—containing two ciste a cordoni/Rippenzisten, two Hallstatt Mindelheim swords (one with bronze pommel), two small hooks and twelve bronze-iron ornamental discs in a large bronze cauldron, all submerged in the now-drained river Äverstaån. Twelve samples from a selection of eight objects in the Hassle hoard have been analysed, primarily for chemical composition and lead isotopic signature. The aim is to study their alloy recipes, and origins and potential production areas, also allowing for comparison of similarities and differences between objects in the assemblage. Apart from the sword pommel, with a typical fahlore signature, the alloys in the Hassle objects differ considerably from most of the alloys in previously analysed, contemporary Nordic Bronze Age objects. The cauldron is very atypic for the area, so far without any clear match in relevant isotopic datasets. The analytical results support a foreign origin, both for the metal and for the objects. The results show that the objects, even those from typologically comparable groups, are made of several alloys, from raw materials of different origins. As relevant reference material for objects of similar types is so far limited, these analyses contribute to build dataset for future comparisons. The results underline the complexity in both raw material and alloys circulating in Late Bronze Age Scandinavia and Early Iron Age Europe
Sensory Urban Mobilities: Experiences and Uses of Ambiances
No full textInternational audienceBeyond documenting all the sensory effects of transportation (or their absence) in urban environments, this chapter shows the importance of taking into consideration ordinary sensory experiences of urban mobilities in public transportation. Focusing on the definition of ambiances and their linking to mobilities, it shows in particular how this research perspective contributes to the renewing of questions relating to transportation and urban mobilities by the qualification of the sensory, social and affective dimensions of individuals' experiences, which fosters the development of original methodological approaches. The chapter takes a closer look at the uses that are made of ambiances in urban transportation places. It looks at the production of ambiances by operators, following the practical challenges associated with transportation production. The chapter, which focuses on security issues, illustrates how the sensory environment and ambiances are instrumentalized as a form of soft power to influence bodies and police conduct
Comment la poule est-elle devenue un animal à aimer ? L’ascension de l’animal dans la hiérarchie humanimale
No full textInternational audienc
Le pari de la traversée. Aller au cinéma quand on habite une île à 15 ans : contraintes d'accessibilité et socialisation
No full textInternational audienc
Patient experience and primary care teams: a cross-sectional survey of French elderly patients
No full textInternational audienceObjective To assess whether patient experience is better for patients followed in a primary care team (PCT) than for patients with traditional follow-up in usual care. Design A cross-sectional survey based on a selfadministered questionnaire. Setting Pays de la Loire geographical area (located on the French west coast). Patients and methods Patients over 75 or over 65 years of age with at least one chronic disease were included. A sample of 9900 frail elderly patients was invited to answer a 23-item questionnaire that investigated four dimensions: 'communication and patient-centred care', 'availability and accessibility', 'coordination' and 'caregiver'. Their answers were then analysed depending on whether they were followed in a mature PCT, in an emerging PCT or in usual care. The associations between follow-up in a PCT and patient experience were tested with generalised estimation equation models with a Poisson link function, adjusted for sex, age, educational level and the place of residence (French department).Results A total of 4078 responses were received. The result of the assessment for the 'communication and patient-centred care' dimension was improved for the participants in the PCT group for the following items: 'Health professionals were concerned about the impact my health had on my everyday life.' (RR=1.22, 95% CI (1.04; 1.43)), 'I have received help to better adapt my everyday life to my health.' (RR=1.25, 95% CI (1.05; 1.50)), 'I could take part in decisions concerning my health and care.' (RR=1.19, 95% CI (1.01; 1.42)) and 'My consent was requested prior to the transmission of the information between health professionals.' (RR=1.27, 95% CI (1.09; 1.48)). These assessments were not different between the PCT group and usual care group for other dimensions: 'availability and accessibility ', 'coordination' and 'caregiver'. Conclusion This study suggests an improved patient experience in regard to the communication perspective for patients in the PCT group. However, it remains unclear whether interprofessional collaboration (IPC) improves overall patient experience. Additional research could explore aspects of IPC that influence patient experience, providing insights to enhance strategies for improving PCTs.</div
Les diplomaties du nord en Algérie (1962-1968) : concurrences et complémentarités
No full textInternational audienceEven before it gained independence, the two northern blocs paid close attention to Algeria, one the key-countries of anti-imperialist struggles. Powers as diverse as the United States, the USSR, France, West Germany, and Bulgaria developed strategies of influence and defense of economic interests during the 1960s, relying on the tool of civil and military cooperation. These policies also dealt with Algeria's third-worldist positions and its international influence, which they tried to accommodate or associate with. Between and within the blocs, the strategies of each government coordinated or clashed, and were also used with some success by the Algerian side.Avant même l’accession à l’indépendance de l’Algérie, les deux blocs du Nord ont porté une forte attention à ce pays-phare des luttes anti-impérialistes. Des puissances aussi diverses que les États-Unis, l’URSS, la France, la RFA ou la Bulgarie y développent, dans le courant des années 1960, des stratégies d’influence et de défense des intérêts économiques, qui s’appuient sur l’outil des coopérations civile et militaire. Ces politiques composent aussi avec les positions tiers-mondistes et l’influence internationale de l’Algérie, que l’on essaie de s’en accommoder ou bien de s’y associer. Entre les blocs et en leur sein, les stratégies de chaque gouvernement se coordonnent ou s’affrontent et sont aussi utilisées avec un certain succès par la partie algérienne
Generalised social norms in water consumption networks
No full textInternational audienceAccording to the last IPCC report (AR6, 2022), ’roughly half of the world’s population are assessed as currently subject to severe water scarcity for at least some part of the year due to climatic and non-climatic factors, and this is projected to be exacerbated at higher levels of warming’. Due to this rise of the water scarcity, there has been an increase of small-scale systems managed by local authorities or companies such as smart meters which provide information on similar household consumption to help consumers reduce their water use. Many theoretical papers use the average consumption of others to define the social norm information provided to agents (Ushchev and Zenou 2020; Pedehour and Richefort 2022). New to this approach, we use a more general definition of the social norm following the recent paper of Boucher et al. (2024) who consider that social norm can be based on other measures. For example, median or minimum consumption could be used as a new reference point for water consumers. In this context, this paper develops a model of water extraction with endogenous social norms to study the different effects of this informaƟon provision and calibraƟon on the networks of water consumers. We consider a territory where water consumers are connected to a unique shared resource that can be overexploited in case of water scarcity. Preferences of individuals are guided by their extraction values and their taste for conformity to follow their norm. Depending on the calibration of the norm, the position in the network of agents, and the connections between water consumers, some definitions of social norms appear more optimal than others for reducing water consumption. We find conditions for uniqueness and interior solutions of the equilibrium. We then establish welfare and social-opƟmal properties to characterise social norms that could avoid the tragedy of the commons and suboptimal water consumption. Preliminary results highlight the strategic interaction between consumptions and can be used to derive interesting policy implications about the optimal norm information to set
Tactile-based force estimation for interaction control with robot fingers
No full textInternational audienceFine dexterous manipulation requires reactive control based on rich sensing of manipulator-object interactions. Tactile sensing arrays provide rich contact information across the manipulator’s surface. However their implementation faces two main challenges: accurate force estimation across complex surfaces like robotic hands, and integration of these estimates into reactive control loops. We present a data-efficient calibration method that enables rapid, full-array force estimation across varying geometries, providing online feedback that accounts for non-linearities and deformation effects. Our force estimation model serves as feedback in an online closed-loop control system for interaction force tracking. The accuracy of our estimates is independently validated against measurements from a calibrated force-torque sensor. Using the Allegro Hand equipped with Xela uSkin sensors, we demonstrate precise force application through an admittance control loop running at 100Hz, achieving up to 0.12±0.08 [N] error margin—results that show promising potential for dexterous manipulation