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Benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors as adjuvant treatment for acral melanomas
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Solar factors play no role in the development of acral melanoma (AM). AM is characterized by low cumulative solar damage (low CSD). Responses to immunotherapy are correlated with mutational load, which, in turn, is correlated with high cumulative sun damage (CSD). This suggests that AM patients may have poor responses to immunotherapy. The clinical benefit and safety profile of adjuvant immunotherapies in AM treatment have not been fully investigated. Objectives To investigate whether the use of adjuvant immunotherapy for treating patients with AM in Stages IIb, IIc, III and IV NED (no evidence of disease) improves distant metastasis‐free survival. Methods Among the 1005 AM patients in the RIC‐Mel melanoma database, 64 AM patients who were treated with adjuvant immunotherapy were included in this study. We then calculated a propensity score to make the adjuvant immunotherapy‐treated ( n = 64) group and the untreated group ( n = 64) comparable in all respects. Results The use of adjuvant immunotherapy for treating AM offers no clear benefit in terms of relapse‐free survival or distant metastasis‐free survival (RFS: HR = 0.84 [0.534, 1.324, 95% CI] and DMFS: HR = 0.94 [0.565, 1.562, 95% CI]). Among the AM patients who received adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), 18.8% experienced severe (Grades 3–4) immune‐related adverse events. Conclusions The benefit–risk balance must be carefully weighed, including the relapse‐free survival (RFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) and rate of severe immune‐related adverse events (irAE) occurrence. Other therapeutic strategies should be investigated in larger studies to confirm the potential limited clinical benefit of this treatment strategy
Computing in Complete Local Equicharacteristic Noetherian Rings Via Topological Rewriting on Commutative Formal Power Series
No full textInternational audienceIn commutative algebra, the theory of Gröbner bases enables one to compute in any finitely generated algebra over a given computable field. For non-finitely generated algebras however, other methods have to be pursued. For instance, it follows from the Cohen structure theorem that standard bases of formal power series ideals offer a similar prospect but for complete local equicharacteristic rings whose residue field is computable. Using the language of rewriting theory, one can characterise Gröbner bases in terms of confluence of the induced rewriting system. It has been shown, so far via purely algebraic tools, that an analogous characterisation holds for standard bases with a generalised notion of confluence. Subsequently, that result is utilised to prove that two generalised confluence properties, where one is actually in general strictly stronger than the other, are actually equivalent in the context of formal power series. In the present paper, we propose alternative proofs making use of tools purely from the new theory of topological rewriting to recover both the characterisation of standard bases and the equivalence between generalised confluence properties. The objective is to extend the analogy between Gröbner basis theory together with classical algebraic rewriting theory and standard basis theory with topological rewriting theory
Analysis of Parameters Impacting Measurement Uncertainties and Implementation of the Calibration Protocol for Permittivity Extraction Using a GSG Probe
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Striking convergent selection history of wheat and barley and its potential for breeding
No full textInternational audienceOver the past 10,000 years, the development of civilization has been enabled by the domestication of plants and animals tailored to human needs. The Triticeae tribe, including barley and wheat, has emerged as one of the most important sources of staple foods worldwide. Here, comparing genomes of wheat and barley genotypes from around the world, we unveiled genomic footprints of convergent selection affecting genes involved in crop adaptation and productivity, as well as a lack of parallel selection for diverse genes delivering genetic diversity specific to particular geographic and associated environmental conditions. We demonstrate that studying convergent selection between crops can help to identify genes crucial for adaptation and sources of diversity for improving cultivated species—forming the basis of the proposed concept of inter-crop translational research for breeding
« Quelle postérité pour l’arrêt "Commune de Morsang-sur-Orge" (CE Ass., 27 octobre 1995, n° 136727) » ?: Questions à Kenza Jebrane, Maître de conférences en droit public
No full textInternational audienceIl y a tout juste trente ans, la Haute juridiction administrative énonçait que le respect de la dignité de la personne humaine est une composante de l’ordre public après que le maire de Morsang-sur-Orge a interdit un spectacle de « lancer de nains » qui devait se dérouler dans une discothèque de sa commune. Il en découle que l'autorité investie du pouvoir de police municipale peut interdire une attraction qui porte atteinte à cette dignité, même en l'absence de circonstances locales particulières, en faisant usage de son pouvoir de police générale. Sur la portée de cet arrêt passé à la postérité, Lexbase Public a interrogé Kenza Jebrane, Maître de conférences en droit public, Université de Limoges – OMIJ
Aortic stenosis and peripheral artery disease: Impact on mortality following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundDue to common pathophysiology and shared risk factors, peripheral artery disease (PAD) is frequently present in patients with calcific aortic stenosis (AS). However, the prevalence of PAD in calcific AS and its prognostic impact require further investigation.AimsTo describe the prevalence of PAD in patients with advanced AS requiring intervention and assess the impact of PAD on overall long-term mortality among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).MethodsAll patients who underwent TAVR between 2014 and 2023 in our tertiary care centre were enrolled in a retrospective cohort. PAD was defined by the mention of a clinical diagnosis in medical records, significant arterial stenosis observed on the pre-procedural angio-computed tomography scan or a history of lower-limb revascularization.ResultsAmong the 904 included patients (median [interquartile range] age 84.2 (79.9–87.4) years, 54.4% male), 212 (23.5%) had PAD. Patients with PAD had a significantly higher risk of mortality compared to patients without PAD (mean 5-year survival 40.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 32.2–49.6 vs. 52.7%, 95% CI 47.8–58.1; P = 0.008; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.66; P = 0.029). Among patients without coronary artery disease (CAD), those with PAD alone had an increased risk of mortality (aHR 1.50, 95% CI 1.03–2.21; P = 0.037). Importantly, patients with PAD alone had significantly reduced survival compared to those with CAD alone (i.e. without PAD) (aHR 1.49, 95% CI 1.02-2.19; P = 0.040). However, the survival of patients with both PAD and CAD did not significantly differ from those with CAD without PAD.ConclusionPAD was independently associated with increased mortality in severe calcific AS. Importantly, this excess mortality among patients with PAD was not affected by the simultaneous presence of CAD. Similarly to patients with CAD, patients with AS and concomitant PAD should be considered at high risk of mortality
Les pratiques numériques autoritaires devant la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
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Shining a New Light: Silver Nanowire Electrodes as a Transparent and Conductive Alternative to ITO in Organic Solar Cells
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Climate, not land-use, drives a recent acceleration of larch expansion at the forest-grassland ecotone in the southern French alps
No full textInternational audienceIn recent decades significant forest expansion into treeless alpine zones has been observed across global mountain ranges, including the Alps, driven by a complex interplay of global warming and land-use changes. The upward shift of treelines has far-reaching implications for ecosystem functioning, biodiversity, and biogeochemical cycles. However, climate variables alone account for only a fraction of treeline dynamics, highlighting substantial research gaps concerning the influence of non-climatic factors. This study addresses these gaps by combining dendrochronological methods, high-resolution bioclimatic data, and historical land-use records to investigate treeline dynamics in the southern French Alps. Our results reveal a marked acceleration in tree establishment, starting in the early 2000s, attributable primarily to climate change rather than the pastoral abandonment of the 19th century. We demonstrate that historical land-use changes created predisposing conditions for tree establishment, while recent climate change has increasingly acted as an accelerator for this dynamic. While key climatic factors, such as thermal indicators and growing season length, are identified as significant contributors to treeline shifts, our study highlights the need for further research to disentangle the specific drivers of tree recruitment and survival in the context of ongoing climate change