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Retour sur la condition apprentie
No full textTable ronde : Regards croisés sur la pédagogie de l’alternanceInternational audienc
Transition automobile et classes populaires : entre accès au leasing et relégation au marché de l’occasion
No full textInternational audienceL’électrification croissante des véhicules, l’émergence de nouvelles technologies ainsi que de nouveaux modes de financement de la voiture transforment le secteur de l’automobile. En témoignent le passage de la propriété classique de la voiture au leasing et l’essor du leasing social face aux problématiques d’inégalités d’accès à la voiture « propre ». A partir d’une enquête ethnographique et statistique, ma communication prendra pour objet un dispositif particulier de leasing social à destination des aides à domicile d’un département rural, qui a pour but de faciliter leur accès à un véhicule neuf et répondant aux nouvelles normes écologiques. Elle interrogera la réception de ce dispositif auprès de ces employées non-qualifiées. Alors que le leasing social est présenté par les acteurs publics et économiques à l’origine de ce dispositif comme une solution pour permettre aux salariés du bas de l’échelle de s’inscrire dans la transition écologique, les aides à domicile enquêtées perçoivent cette offre de façon différente : effet d’aubaine pour certaines, il suscite la méfiance chez d’autres, quand d’autres encore témoignent d’une franche opposition. Comment comprendre ces réactions contrastées ? La transition automobile entraînerait-elle une dualisation au sein des classes populaires entre les ménages qui accèdent au leasing et rejoignent la norme écologique et ceux qui restent sur le marché des véhicules d’occasion de plus en plus déconsidérés ? L’analyse de matériaux variés permettra d'apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions
The Strained Cohabitation with Wolves in France: Insights from a Multidisciplinary Approach
No full textInternational audienceThis communication is situated within the framework of an action-research project in management. The aim of the project is to identify ways to facilitate coexistence between livestock farmers and the wolf, which has recently returned to French territories, while proposing adapted farming systemsAn initial review of popular literature (such as the press and online forums) highlights a sharp divide between two opposing groups: anti-wolf and pro-wolf, whose narratives about the animal are starkly different. Farmers report numerous cases of predation, that are often denied or downplayed by both authorities and environmentalists. Both sides accuse each other of either denying the facts or romanticising the wilderness. These opposing views impede the development of a shared solution, ultimately resulting in the culling of wolves.Drawing on traditional disciplines related to wolf predation (such as agronomy, history, and zoology) helps assess the likelihood of different perceptions of the wolf. However, these do not fully account for the intensity of the conflict or the persistence of the wolf as a mythical figure. To overcome the limitations of conventional frameworks, we turn to concepts from the Arts and Literature, which are better equipped to address such narratives. Gender studies, decolonialism, and ecocriticism thus prove particularly valuable in offering fresh, productive perspectives.Equipped with these new insights, we have returned to the field with a bespoke methodology, including participatory immersion in the agricultural work of farmers, often engaging in their local Occitan dialect.Our findings and proposals challenge the dominant literature. We therefore question whether these divergences arise from the limitations of the interdisciplinary hybrid approach, or whether, conversely, it opens up new avenues for research
Neutrophils and Neutrophil-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Anti-Cancer Therapy
No full textInternational audienceNeutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells, play a dual role in cancer progression. While they can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and immune suppression, they also exhibit anti-tumorigenic properties by attacking cancer cells and enhancing immune responses. This review explores the complex interplay between neutrophils and the tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting their ability to switch between pro- and anti-tumor phenotypes based on external stimuli. Pro-tumorigenic neutrophils facilitate tumor growth through mechanisms such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and immune evasion strategies. They contribute to angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis by releasing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Conversely, anti-tumor neutrophils enhance cytotoxicity by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and activating other immune cells such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent advances in neutrophil-based drug delivery systems have harnessed their tumor-homing capabilities to improve targeted therapy. Neutrophil-mimicking nanoparticles and membrane-coated drug carriers offer enhanced drug accumulation in tumors, reduced systemic toxicity, and improved therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, strategies to modulate neutrophil activity, such as inhibiting their immunosuppressive functions or reprogramming them towards an anti-tumor phenotype, are emerging as promising approaches in cancer immunotherapy. Understanding neutrophil plasticity and their interactions with the TME provides new avenues for therapeutic interventions. Targeting neutrophil-mediated mechanisms could enhance existing cancer treatments and lead to the development of novel immunotherapies, ultimately improving patient survival and clinical outcomes
Colloid aggregation simulation in a Poiseuille flow using SRD-MD simulations
No full textInternational audienceThe use of flowing colloidal suspensions in confined environments is of great relevance in many scientific fields, from microfluidics to ceramic manufacturing processes. Despite efforts to understand the structuring of colloids under flows, structuring of attractive colloids in a non-uniform flow remains less studied. In this article, Stochastic Rotation Dynamics -Molecular Dynamics (SRD-MD) simulations are used to study the aggregation of particles subjected to Poiseuille flow between two plates. Simulations show that the Poiseuille flow strongly influences colloid aggregation. They reveal that, depending on the potential wells depth used, the same flow can either lead to the fragmentation of aggregates or to the formation of compact and ordered aggregates. The aggregation and reorganization dynamics of these aggregates are explained by the velocity gradient and hydrodynamic effects
« Je l’ai tuée parce que je voulais avoir un enfant ». Meurtres au féminin dans les spectacles de Joël Pommerat
No full textInternational audienc
« Les chansons effectuent une dilatation de l’instant »
No full textInternational audiencePrésentation de l'entretien réalisé par échanges écrits, entre février et avril 2024, par Agnès Curel.Cécile Auzolle enseigne la musicologie à l’Université de Poitiers. Alors que ce chantier consacré à l’irruption des tubes dans les mises en scène contemporaines était en préparation, elle a justement publié un ouvrage consacré à l’utilisation de la musique et du sonore dans les spectacles de Joël Pommerat. Si son étude dépasse largement le seul cas du tube – qu’elle préfère d’ailleurs qualifier de « chanson » au sein de sa réflexion –, il m’a semblé important de revenir avec elle sur cette tendance dans les mises en scène de Joël Pommerat à recourir à ces airs très connus.Avant même que je prenne contact avec elle, Cécile Auzolle avait d’ailleurs répondu à notre questionnaire en ligne. Elle y avait développé l’exemple de « Mourir sur scène » de Dalida, qui venait clôturer la représentation de Contes et légendes.<br /
Ciprofloxacin Dosage Optimization in Cystic Fibrosis Through Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is effective against many Gram-negative pathogens and penetrates well into respiratory secretions and pulmonary tissues, thus making it useful for treating respiratory infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: A 13-year-old patient with severe CF and an acute respiratory exacerbation from multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was treated with 700 mg of CIP every 8 hours. Bronchial secretions confirmed that P. aeruginosa was sensitive to high doses of CIP. Pharmacokinetic monitoring using 2 blood samples estimated the AUC24 at 50 hours*mg/L. This led to an increase in CIP dosage to 850 mg three time a day (TID), then to 1000 mg TID, and finally to 1200 mg every 6 hours. Results: CIP pharmacokinetics can vary significantly, particularly in patients with CF due to increased clearance, ultimately resulting in shorter half-lives and higher risks of therapeutic failure and resistance. Therapeutic drug monitoring helps when adjusting dosages to maintain effective blood concentrations. Conclusions: This case underscores the role of therapeutic drug monitoring in optimizing CIP dosing for patients with CF and highlights the necessity for close collaboration between clinicians and pharmacologists to ensure effective antibiotic exposure
Estimation of Ganciclovir Exposure in Adults Transplant Patients by Machine Learning
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Valganciclovir, a prodrug of ganciclovir (GCV), is used to prevent cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation, with doses adjusted based on creatinine clearance (CrCL) to target GCV AUC0-24 h of 40-60 mg*h/L. This sometimes leads to overexposure or underexposure. This study aimed to train, test and validate machine learning (ML) algorithms for accurate GCV AUC0-24 h estimation in solid organ transplantation. Methods We simulated patients for different dosing regimen (900 mg/24 h, 450 mg/24 h, 450 mg/48 h, 450 mg/72 h) using two literature population pharmacokinetic models, allocating 75% for training and 25% for testing. Simulations from two other literature models and real patients provided validation datasets. Three independent sets of ML algorithms were created for each regimen, incorporating CrCL and 2 or 3 concentrations. We evaluated their performance on testing and validation datasets and compared them with MAP-BE. Results XGBoost using 3 concentrations generated the most accurate predictions. In testing dataset, they exhibited a relative bias of -0.02 to 1.5% and a relative RMSE of 2.6 to 8.5%. In the validation dataset, a relative bias of 1.5 to 5.8% and 8.9 to 16.5%, and a relative RMSE of 8.5 to 9.6% and 10.7% to 19.7% were observed depending on the model used. XGBoost algorithms outperformed or matched MAP-BE, showing enhanced generalization and robustness in their estimates. When applied to real patients' data, algorithms using 2 concentrations showed relative bias of 1.26% and relative RMSE of 12.68%. Conclusions XGBoost ML models accurately estimated GCV AUC0-24 h from limited samples and CrCL, providing a strategy for optimized therapeutic drug monitoring.</div
