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Tropical insularity and diabetic patient care in Mauritus
No full textInternational audienceThe main objective of my research is to describe the situation of diabetic complications in the multicultural contest of Mauritius in people adherent to community-based care. The research is further divided in three main parts. Firstly, A descriptive epidemiology of one of the most common complications in patients living with diabetes in Mauritius: Diabetic foot. The second part of this first study shall be a longitudinal analysis of changes in patients’ clinical status from June 2021 to March 2023. There shall also be a stratified descriptive analysis according to patients’ community or cultural affiliation. The latter shall be the first epidemiological study in Mauritius with a significant number of diabetic patients, namely, 1278 patients consisting over 5359 consultations at ADCC. The expected results shall analyse the hypothesis of a possible link between diabetes management and cultural affiliation. To see the correlation of a calendar variations in clinical data with cultural and community practices, and lastly a description of diabetic complications associated with tropical insularity particularly the diabetic foot. As till date (2024/2025), all data has been collected, treated, and cleaned. The literature review of this first study is currently in process, statistical analysis is being finalised following which, the article shall be written and submit in a journal. Secondly, to conduct a comparative study of two therapeutic education strategies used in a period of six months in Mauritius. In this study, a comparative analysis between result (HbA1c evolution) from 102 patients who have undergone a cycle of 7 education sessions with 5 healthcare professionals’ individual face-to-face consultations (doctors x1, nutritionist x2 and psychotherapist x2) and 2 blood test set (HbA1C, LDL, HDL). Shall be compared with 54 patients having received only 2 education sessions and 2 blood test set (HbA1C, TC, TriG). The objective of this second study is to identify the most effective strategies of therapeutic education (if any) to help patients living with diabetes in Mauritius. Following the analysis of data collected, we shall be able to produce recommendations for cost-effective delivery of therapeutic education sessions and to provide a record of advocacy for the public system and NGOs in Mauritius. As till date (2024/2025), all data has been collected, digitalised, treated, and cleaned. The literature review of the study is currently in process, statistical analysis and article is being finalised. Following which the article shall be submit to a journal. And lastly, a pilot study of the ‘IoT-HD’ program (Internet of Things for Hypertension and Diabetes Program). The aim of this study is to measure the adherence to connected devices in patients living with diabetes in Mauritius. For this comparative study, a set of 1,2,3 or 4 connected devices shall be attributed to selected patients for a period of 3 months. The patients shall be provided with recommendations for proper use of connected objects. Then using the ‘adapted Morisky’ scale (Renamed the “Safaman Scale”) to measure the adherence after 3 months of devices allocation. A questionnaire shall be designed to identify the barriers and to optimise the levers for adherence to connected devices. We expect for this study to be able to demonstrate the feasibility of the IoT-HD program. As till date (2024/2025), all patients have been identified and group of connected devices has been purchased. Guidelines and protocols of usage has already been drafted. The literature review of this third study is currently in process, data collection and statistical analysis shall then follow with recommendations for the IoT-HD program
Pierre Desvignes et l’héritage du motet à grand chœur : l’exemple des psaumes en musique composés pour la cathédrale de Chartres (1786-1793)
No full textInternational audienceBorn in the 1660s, the motet à grand chœur has profoundly shaped French musical and religious culture until the Revolution. The psalms composed by Pierre Desvignes (1764–1827) for the Cathedral of Chartres, whose autograph manuscripts are preserved at the BnF, were produced in a context of deep aesthetic, stylistic, and sensory transformation, marked by the internationalization of concert repertoires and the gradual decline of identifying function of the motet à grand chœur in French culture. Two tendencies thus emerge, raising questions both about the possibility of identifying a distinctly French style and the sustainability traditional generic model: complete conformity to foreign models and the synthesis around French model.Based on a comparative analysis of Desvignes’s psalms and those of preceding generations, this paper examines the persistence of distinctive markers of the motet à grand chœur tradition. It demonstrates that Desvignes’s psalms belong to the latter tendency, characterized by both stylistic modernity and aesthetic conservatism. Beyond the question of conformity to a generic canon, Desvignes’s psalms represent one of the final expressions of the Gallican aesthetic tradition, rooted in the rhetorical expression of religious message. They offer a late illustration of the division between spaces of dissolution (the Concert spirituel) and those of preservation (the Chapelle royale and collegiate churches) of the motet à grand chœur tradition.Né dans les années 1660, le motet à grand chœur marqua profondément la culture musicale et religieuse française jusqu’à la Révolution. Les psaumes en musique que Pierre Desvignes (1764-1827) composa pour la cathédrale de Chartres, et dont les manuscrits autographes sont conservés à la BnF, ont été conçus dans un contexte de profonde mutation esthétique, stylistique et sensible, d’internationalisation des répertoires de concert et du progressif déclin de la fonction identifiante du motet à grand chœur dans la culture française. Se dessinent alors deux tendances qui interrogent autant la possibilité d’identifier un style proprement français que la pérennité d’un référentiel générique national caractérisé : celle de la conformité totale aux modèles étrangers et celle de la synthèse.Fondé sur l’analyse croisée des psaumes en musique de Desvignes et de ceux des générations précédentes, cet article scrute la persistance de marqueurs caractéristiques de la tradition du genre. On y démontre que les motets de Desvignes appartiennent à la seconde tendance et son caractérisée à la fois par leur modernité stylistique et leur conservatisme esthétique. Bien au-delà de la question de la conformité à un canon générique, les psaumes en musique de Desvignes représentent l’un des derniers sursauts de la tradition esthétique gallicane fondée sur l’expression rhétorique de la pastorale et sont une illustration tardive de la scission entre les espaces de dissolution de la tradition du motet à grand chœur (Concert spirituel) et ceux de sa préservation (Chapelle royale et églises capitulaires)
Efficient Removal of Cu(II) from Wastewater Using Chitosan Derived from Shrimp Shells: A Kinetic, Thermodynamic, Optimization, and Modelling Study
No full textInternational audienceChitosan was hydro-thermally extracted from grey shrimp carapaces and characterized using various techniques (degree of deacetylation (DD), viscosity, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface area analysis (BET)). It was then used for Cu(II) removal in a batch system, achieving a maximum capacity of 89 mg/g under standard conditions. Both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order nonlinear kinetic models described the adsorption of Cu(II) ions on chitosan well, with a better fit of the pseudo-first-order model at low concentrations, while the equilibrium data suggested that the Langmuir model was suitable for describing the adsorption system, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 123 mg/g. A response surface methodology and central composite design were used to optimise and evaluate the effects of six independent parameters: initial Cu(II) concentration, pH, chitosan concentration (S/L), temperature (T), contact time (t), and NaCl concentration on the adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) by the synthesised chitosan. The proposed model was confirmed to accurately describe the phenomenon within the experimental range, achieving an R2 value of 1. ANOVA indicated that the initial concentrations of Cu(II) and chitosan concentration (S/L) were the most significant factors, while the other variables had no significant effect on the process. The adsorption capacity of Cu(II) onto the prepared chitosan was also optimised and modelled using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The maximum amount, qmax = 468 mg·g−1, shows that chitosan is a highly effective adsorbent, chelating and complexing for copper ions
Ethnoecology of desert truffles hunting: A cross-cultural comparative study on practices and perceptions in the Mediterranean and the Near East
No full textInternational audienc
Clinical utility and implementation of polygenic risk scores for predicting cardiovascular disease
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Genome-wide association studies have revealed hundreds of genetic variants associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) can capture this information in a single metric and hold promise for use in CVD risk prediction. Importantly, PRS information can reflect the causally mediated risk to which the individual is exposed throughout life. Although European Society of Cardiology guidelines do not currently advocate their use in routine clinical practice, PRS are commercially available and increasingly sought by clinicians, health systems, and members of the public to inform personalized health care decision-making. This clinical consensus statement provides an overview of the scientific basis of PRS and evidence to date on their role in CVD risk prediction for the purposes of disease prevention. It provides the reader with a summary of the opportunities and challenges for implementation and identifies current gaps in supporting evidence. The document also lays out a potential roadmap by which the scientific and clinical community can navigate any future transition of PRS into routine clinical care. Finally, clinical scenarios are presented where information from PRS may hold most value and discuss organizational frameworks to enable responsible use of PRS testing while more evidence is being generated by clinical studies
Wastewater-based AMR surveillance associated with tourism on a Caribbean island (Guadeloupe)
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern worldwide. International travel is a risk factor for acquiring antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). Therefore, understanding the transmission of ARB and ARGs is instrumental in tackling AMR. This longitudinal study aimed to assess the benefit of wastewater monitoring in Guadeloupe to evaluate the role of tourism in the spread of AMR.Methods: A wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) study was conducted to monitor AMR in Guadeloupe in 2022 during dry and wet seasons. We characterized the resistome, microbiome and exposome of water samples collected in wastewater treatment facilities of two cities with different levels of tourism activities, in the content of aircraft toilets, and the pumping station receiving effluents from hotels.Results: The results show that the WBS approach facilitates the differentiation of various untreated effluents concerning exposome, microbiome, and resistome, offering insights into AMR dissemination. Additionally, the findings reveal that microbiome and exposome are comparable across sites and seasons, while resistome characterisation at specific locations may be pertinent for health surveillance. The microbiome of aircraft was predominantly composed of anaerobic bacteria from human intestinal microbiota, whereas the other locations exhibited a blend of human and environmental bacteria. Notably, individuals arriving by air have not introduced clinically significant resistance genes. Exposome compounds have been shown to influence the resistome's variance.Conclusion: Clear differences were seen between the aircraft and the local sampling sites, indicating that the contribution of tourism to the observed resistance in Guadeloupe is not significant
Synergistic Effects of Molecular Additives on Triple-Cation Mixed Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Performance and Stability
No full textNational audienc
Extended treatment of venous thromboembolism with reduced-dose versus full-dose direct oral anticoagulants in patients at high risk of recurrence: a non-inferiority, multicentre, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint trial
No full textInternational audienc
Thermo-elastic micromechanical modeling of tetragonal ZrO with a herringbone microstructure inherited from the cubic phase
No full textInternational audienceThe distribution of residual stresses at the crystal scale is investigated in several random polycrystalline aggregates of zirconia. The underlying stochastic model generates tetragonal crystals forming three-dimensional herringbone microstructures, originating from cooling an initial single cubic crystal at high temperatures followed by a solidstate phase transition. The obtained microstructures are constructed following crystallographic constraints in terms of variant selection, as well as twin and band boundary orientations. This stochastic modeling approach allows generating microstructures with twin domains of various aspect ratios, embedded in several Voronoi cells as observed when the phase transition starts simultaneously from different locations in the cubic crystal. Considering the transformation strain and the anisotropic elastic and dilation properties at the crystal scale, these microstructures are solved with the spectral (FFT) full-field method for pure thermal loading (cooling). Thermal dilation has a limited effect on the residual stress field, about one order of magnitude smaller than the transformation strain, even for a cooling of 1000°C. Normal stresses along the tetragonal crystal axes are in the order of a few GPa and proportional to the tetragonality of the zirconia crystal, except for a specific microstructure where stresses even vanish for infinite aspect ratios
