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Specific sample configuration for studying photogenerated electron transfer at the semiconductor/water interface by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
No full textInternational audiencePhotogeneration of electrons from amorphous phase and anatase phase thin films of titanium oxide in contact with water was monitored by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. The semiconducting oxide thin films were deposited on glass fibers of 250 µm diameter by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering and were centered inside capillaries of ca. 1 mm diameter filled with aqueous solution of a paramagnetic probe molecule. This proof of concept, non-restrictive to titanium oxide, makes it possible to reuse of the same fiber for multiple measurements and, as it respects the cylindrical symmetry, it should provide mechanistic investigations with reliable and quantifiable data on photogenerated electron transfer at the semiconductor/water interface.</div
Les « oubliées de l’Éducation nationale » en grève : tentatives de visibilisation des accompagnantes des élèves en situation de handicap (AESH)
No full textInternational audienceStarting from a situated study based on observations, interviews and antiestablishment graphic productions mobilized during protests, this paper tries to understand how the special Éducation assistants' demanding techniques allow them to raise awareness to their activity in every sense. First, we will show that assistants demand a full place in the school by using, first of all, childish graphics on protesting materials as to prove their compliance to the school form (Vincent, 1980). They also integrate the students in the fight in order to express their social utility and they clearly position themselves in the National Éducation system field among other participants with whom they share things in common. Then, we will explain that the special Éducation assistants, by naming themselves as "invisible" and "financially unstable" on the signs, express a mishandled professional identity. Finally, we will analyze the invisibility process that assistants suffer from and that they illustrate on banners in an attempt to get extract from and in fine, to be acknowledged as a legitimize professional group.À partir d’une enquête localisée fondée sur des observations, des entretiens et des photographies de productions iconographiques mobilisées pendant des manifestations, cet article cherche à saisir en quoi les techniques contestataires des accompagnantes des élèves en situation de handicap (AESH) permettent de visibiliser leur activité au sens large. Dans un premier temps, nous montrerons qu’elles revendiquent une place à part entière dans l’école en utilisant d’abord des graphismes enfantins sur les supports de mobilisation comme pour prouver leur adhésion à la « forme scolaire » (Vincent, 1980). Elles intègrent aussi les élèves dans la lutte afin d’exprimer leur utilité sociale et elles se positionnent explicitement dans le champ de l’Éducation nationale parmi d’autres acteurs avec qui elles partagent des points communs. Dans un second temps, nous expliquerons que les AESH, en se nommant sur les pancartes comme les « invisibles » et les « précaires », expriment une identité professionnelle mise à mal. Enfin, nous analyserons les processus d’invisibilisation que subissent ces accompagnantes et qu’elles mettent en image sur des banderoles pour tenter de s’en extraire et in fine de se faire (re)connaître en tant que groupe professionnel légitime
Des espaces ruraux en recomposition : inégalités et formes de régulation
No full textMalgré une évidente évolution dans les représentations des territoires ruraux, un certain nombre d’idées reçues leur sont encore communément associés et influencent la manière de les penser et de les gouverner. De nombreux processus socio-spatiaux, qui peuvent concerner des nouveaux rapports à la nature et aux ressources, des processus migratoires ou encore des politiques publiques, remettent cependant en cause ces représentations et accompagnent les mutations de ces territoires.À partir de ces constats, les contributions de ce dossier d’Espaces et sociétés apportent des éclairages sur les recompositions socio-spatiales laissant entrevoir les inégalités traversant les territoires ruraux, et sur les formes de régulations, impliquant les habitants ou les acteurs politiques, qui permettent aux territoires de trouver un nouvel équilibre. Présentés pour la plupart par des jeunes chercheurs et chercheuses, les cas d’études offrent un beau panorama des études récentes en géographie et sociologie sur ce sujet
Effect of intradialytic exercise training on hemodialysis-induced myocardial stunning: a pilot-controlled trial
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Hemodialysis (HD) can lead to left ventricular (LV) transient regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs), due to segmental hypoperfusion, better known as myocardial stunning. Repeated episodes of HD-induced ischemia contribute directly to the development of heart failure and increased mortality in patients receiving HD. Intradialytic exercise (IDE) training is capable of exerting favorable effects on the cardiovascular system. However, its impact on HD-induced myocardial stunning remains currently unknown. Methods In this prospective controlled study, 31 patients participating in an intradialytic aerobic and resistance training program (3/week for 16 weeks) were compared with 30 patients receiving usual care. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed at baseline and follow-up both just before HD onset (T0) and at peak stress of HD (Tpeak). LV longitudinal strain from an 18-segment model were used to assess the presence of RWMAs. Results Training resulted in a significant reduction of RWMAs at Tpeak between groups [–2.22 segments; 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.49/–3.96; P = .01]. Compared with usual care, trained patients demonstrated also a greater reduction in the decline of global longitudinal strain during HD (–1.45%; 95% CI –0.24/–2.66; P = .01). There were significant reductions in LV mass (–23.3 g; 95% CI –8.7/–37.9; P = .002) and improvements in LV ejection fraction (4%; 95% CI 1.5/6.6; P = .002) between groups favoring IDE. Correlations were found between change in RWMAs with change in LV mass and ejection fraction over the study period.Conclusion: IDE training is cardioprotective, improving LV remodeling and reducing HD-induced myocardial stunning
Reclassement du salarié déclaré inapte : la Cour de cassation impose un devoir de célérité à l'employeur
No full textInternational audienc
A research-based phonetic trainer for L1 Chinese learners of L2 English and L3 French
No full textInternational audienceL1 Chinese learners of L3 French often have English as an L2. Their difficulties in French pronunciation include stop voicing in French (e.g. gâteau ~ cadeau, don ~ thon) (Landron et al. 2017) and vowel-length contrasts in English (Jia et al. 2006). L2-L3 interferences (Hammarberg 2001) are also likely to occur (e.g. voiceless stop aspiration in L3 French). Grounded the phonetic and phonological study of the three languages in contact, a Cleanaccent© phonetic training program was designed to teach French and English pronunciation to Chinese-speaking learners. As an extension of what was designed and experimented by Vaissière & Exare ( 2023), the linguistic input relies on i ) minimal pairs (EN: sheep ~ ship, FR: pomme ~ paume), ii) pairs of words containing a pair of vowels (/e/ in EN: red hen and /u/ in FR: poule rouge), iii) vowel charts in IPA, iv) logatomes (EN: /hVd/ and FR: /CVC/) and iv) L2-L3 cognates (e.g. Paris, train) to favour phonological awareness and sensitivity to allophonic variation (e.g. EN: /ˈpʰaeɹɪs/ vs. FR: /paʁi/) in L1-L2-L3. Phonologization is supported by L2-L3 multiple-speaker auditory input. Passive learning is made possible by relaxation exercises. Gestures are used for L2-L3 vowel articulation and word prosody. Our material, comprising pictures, lottos, card games and sound files, is available online and in paper format. This talk is a 20-minute presentation of our concrete, research-based, language teaching program. Bound to be experimented soon, the course reconciles didactics and linguistics as well as phonetics and foreign language teaching
Optimisation des cellules solaires organiques à couche active PF2:ITIC pour des applications en éclairage intérieur
No full textNational audienc
Oxidation of TiC–SiC nanocomposite
No full textInternational audienceThis work aims at understanding the oxidation mechanism of a TiC–SiC nanocomposite ceramic material. Samples were subjected to heat treatments up to 1400°C under air, varying the relative density of the composite, the heating rate, and the dwell time. The weight variations were followed by thermogravimetric analyses coupled with mass spectrometry. The oxidized samples were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy on cross‐sections (SEM‐EDX) and their microstructure and composition were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM‐EDX). The oxidation process was also followed by in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction and high‐temperature environmental scanning electron microscopy. Until 1000°C, the formation of a multilayer alteration scale was observed, with a dense and protective SiO layer. Above 1200°C, this layer showed cracks, and the oxidation was increased. Based on the results, a three‐step mechanism was proposed for the temperature‐dependent conversion of TiC and SiC to the subsequent oxides
Hybrid Attention for Robust RGB-T Pedestrian Detection in Real-World Conditions
No full textInternational audienceMultispectral pedestrian detection has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in autonomous driving applications. To address the challenges posed by adversarial illumination conditions, the combination of thermal and visible images has demonstrated its advantages. However, existing fusion methods rely on the critical assumption that the RGB-Thermal (RGB-T) image pairs are fully overlapping. These assumptions often do not hold in real-world applications, where only partial overlap between images can occur due to sensors configuration. Moreover, sensor failure can cause loss of information in one modality. In this paper, we propose a novel module called the Hybrid Attention (HA) mechanism as our main contribution to mitigate performance degradation caused by partial overlap and sensor failure, i.e. when at least part of the scene is acquired by only one sensor. We propose an improved RGB-T fusion algorithm, robust against partial overlap and sensor failure encountered during inference in real-world applications. We also leverage a mobile-friendly backbone to cope with resource constraints in embedded systems. We conducted experiments by simulating various partial overlap and sensor failure scenarios to evaluate the performance of our proposed method. The results demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods, showcasing its superiority in handling real-world challenges