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EXPOSITION : Le Parcours d'un enrôlé de force (dessins de Heinz Kuhnle)
No full textExposition d'une vingtaine de dessins de Heinz Kuhnle (1928-2017) illustrant les expériences de ce dernier durant la Seconde Guerre mondialeLe Centre de la mémoire accueille en ce moment une exposition présentant une vingtaine de dessins réalisés par Heinz Kuhnle , enrôlé de force à l’âge de 16 ans dans la Wehrmacht en 1944, puis fait prisonnier de guerre.Tout au long de sa vie, Heinz Kuhnle restera marqué par ces évènements. Artiste amateur, il réalisera dans les années 1990 une série de dessins illustrant ce parcours de guerre
Plant evenness improves forage mineral content in semi-natural grasslands
No full textInternational audienceCompared to intensive grasslands, semi-natural grasslands host species-rich and functionally diversified plant communities, and thus represent habitats of high conservation interest. Less is known about their ability to provide high-quality forage fitting livestock requirements regarding mineral content in particular, and thus contribute to livestock health. We address this question by measuring forage macro- and micro-mineral content across a range of semi-natural grassland types in nine locations in France and compare it to standards required for cattle health. We also developed a multi-criteria method using forage mineral concentrations and their recommended ranges to determine general mineral concentration quality (MinQ) in forage. We investigated if forage mineral content and MinQ was related to plant community composition, soil characteristics, and land-use intensity of semi-natural grassland forages. Good forage quality in terms of mineral content was found, matching the reference values, in the majority of the extensively managed semi-natural grasslands studied. Plant species evenness was positively correlated with MinQ. The forage mineral quality varied depending on the community weighted mean of the specific leaf area (SLACWM) and the leaf dry matter content (LDMCCWM). It increased with increasing SLACWM and decreased with increasing LDMCCWM. The results demonstrate that a good compatibility between plant evenness and forage mineral quality can be obtained in semi-natural grasslands which suggests that the continued management of these habitats can offer agronomic services as well as conservation values
L’écologisation de l’enseignement agricole et ses ambivalences
No full textInternational audienceCette communication se propose d’interroger les ambivalences de l’introduction de l’agroécologie dans l’enseignement agricole. Depuis le plan Ecophyto 1 en 2009 qui s’est donné pour objectif de réduire l’usage des produits sanitaires, lancé à la suite du Grenelle de l’Environnement, les établissements de formation affiliés au ministère de l’Agriculture sont soumis à une nouvelle injonction politique, celle de sensibiliser les nouveaux entrants dans la profession agricole à des pratiques qui vont dans le sens de la « transition agroécologique ». Si l’enseignement de l’agriculture biologique se développe dans différents espaces restreints de l’enseignement agricole, dont les exploitations rattachées aux lycées agricoles publics, cette écologisation ne remet pas fondamentalement en question le modèle de l’agriculture conventionnelle. L’usage rationnel des ressources naturelles devient un horizon à suivre pour les jeunes en formation, mais les nouveaux référentiels de formation ne remettent pas en cause la logique intensive de l’agriculture et la dépendance des agriculteurs à l’égard de l’industrie agroalimentaire. Ils s’inscrivent dans une vision individualiste de l’éducation et de responsabilisation personnelle (comme le montre le cas des écodélégués nés dans l’enseignement agricole) consistant à laisser aux élèves le soin de choisir parmi une palette de techniques enseignées. Dans le cas de la filière du machinisme agricole prise pour exemple dans cette communication, cette « écologisation » repose plutôt sur le maintien de l’usage des produits phytosanitaires qui doit être théoriquement « raisonné » et également sur la numérisation des équipements agricoles, entrainant le développement d’une « agriculture de précision ». Pour comprendre ces difficultés à changer les pratiques en formation, cette communication s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain qui a permis d’interroger les élèves en baccalauréat professionnel agroéquipement pour comprendre leurs réticences face à l’introduction de nouvelles techniques dans leur formation visant à réduire les produits phytosanitaires et à favoriser l’agriculture biologique. Ces changements sont perçus comme étant imposés par l’extérieur à la profession agricole. Pour autant, les formations agroécologiques se développent dans d’autres espaces de la formation, notamment dans le champ de la formation pour adultes qui est un moteur historique de l’agroécologie en France.Bibliographie :Joachim Benet Rivière. Introduction : la place des savoirs agroécologiques dans l’enseignement agricole, entre avancées et obstacles. Norois. Environnement, aménagement, société, 2024, L’enseignement agricole à l’épreuve des enjeux environnementaux, 271, pp.7-23.Joachim Benet Rivière, Hélène Guetat-Bernard, Elisa Domen, Emma Frison, Valéry Rasplus. Les variations sociales des représentations des élèves en agroéquipement des pratiques limitant l’usage des intrants chimiques. Norois. Environnement, aménagement, société, 2024, L’enseignement agricole à l’épreuve des enjeux environnementaux, 271, pp.41-52.Joachim Benet Rivière. Chapitre XIX. À la croisée des chemins. L’enseignement agricole et ses modèles en recomposition. Philippe Maubant; Edgar Leblanc. L'invention des idées : le défi réussi de l'enseignement agricole français, Champ social éditions, p. 315-331, 2022, Formation des adultes et professionnalisation
Les 150 ans de l'arrêt Prince Napoléon: quelle justification à l'absence de contrôle des décisions politiques?
No full textInternational audienc
Ensinar matemática por meio de atividades históricas: duas experiências pedagógicas
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents two examples of history-based activities in mathematics education for studentsaged 8 to 11. They are different in many ways; their historical resources are respectively a drawing board from Da Vinci's Codex Atlanticus and a wheeled calculating machine from the 1950s: different periods, very different objects, different mathematicsapproached; but they are also similar: for both, interdisciplinary artifacts are used, pedagogical potential is explored and rendered in a deliberately coordinated way. The fact is, these two experiments are part of a wider project to produce precise, concrete content for teachers (of these 8-11 year-old students) wishing to introduce a historical perspective into their teaching; this wider project is itself in some ways the result of a fairly long tradition of studying the history and epistemology of mathematics in an educational context in the IREM (Institut de Recherche sur l'Enseignement des Mathématiques) network in France. This context, also situated in this now international field of research, is explained, then the two activities are described in detail, with a priori objectives and analyses of the students' productions, a complete material for the reader presented according to the approach shared by the authors.Este artigo apresenta dois exemplos de atividades baseadas na história para o ensino de matemática a alunos de 8 a 11 anos. Elas diferem em vários aspectos: seus recursos históricos são, respectivamente, uma prancha de desenho do Códice Atlântico, de Leonardo da Vinci, e uma máquina de calcular com rodas, datada da décadade 1950 — períodos distintos, objetos bastante diferentes e conteúdos matemáticos diversos. No entanto, também apresentam semelhanças: em ambas, utilizam-se artefatos interdisciplinares, cujo potencial pedagógico é explorado e apresentado de forma intencionalmente articulada. Essas duas experiências integram um projeto mais amplo, que busca produzir materiais concretos e precisos para professores que atuam com essa faixa etária e desejam introduzir uma perspectiva histórica em suas aulas. Esse projeto insere-se em uma longa tradição de estudos sobre a história e a epistemologia da matemática em contextos educacionais, desenvolvidos no âmbito da rede IREM (Institut de Recherche sur l’Enseignement des Mathématiques), na França. Esse contexto, atualmente inserido em um campo internacional de pesquisa, é apresentado no início do artigo. Em seguida, as duas atividades são descritas em detalhes, com seus objetivos a priori, análises das produções dos alunos e materiais completos para o leitor, seguindo a abordagemproposta pelos autores
Psychological and Behavioral Aspects and System Dynamics: Insights from Exercises Using a Cyber Range
No full textAs part of the Springer Nature SharedIt initiative, you can now publicly share a full-text view-only version of your paper by using the link https://rdcu.be/eMiu7International audienceIn recent years, the popularity of cyber exercises has significantly increased, positioning them as essential activities for the development of technical skills related to the detection, mitigation, and response to cyber incidents. However, to date, most of these procedures have focused primarily on building technical competencies and have been designed exclusively for expert cybersecurity audiences, neglecting their potential application in training novice and non-technical teams. This paper aims to address these gaps by presenting an overview of cyber exercises oriented toward the development of both strategic and technical competencies for cyber crisis management. By considering the evaluation of psychological variables such as mental workload, situational awareness, and presence as well as behavioral indicators, this article offers a critical reflection on the design and content of such exercises
Nonlinear flying focus pulses for ultrafast 3D nonlinear microscopy
No full textInternational audienceUltrafast 3D nonlinear multiphoton imaging holds great promise for the visualization of complex biological structures. However, its practical implementation remains constrained, primarily due to the limited longitudinal scanning speed achievable with tightly focused laser pulses within the sample. In this work, we propose a 3D nonlinear imaging concept that harnesses a spatiotemporal Kerr self-focusing process for depth-resolved imaging without mechanical scanning. We exploit Townes solitons to generate ultrafast nonlinear flying focus pulses that are well-suited for nonlinear fluorescence imaging. A key feature of this approach is the power-dependent longitudinal displacement of the self-focusing point within the sample. This displacement, combined with the power-limiting effects from conical-wave emissions at multiple wavelengths, enables precise control and calibration of the beam's focal position in three dimensions. Consequently, by implementing a temporal pulse encoding, either by splitting and delaying an initial pump pulse or by introducing an inter-pulse amplitude modulation, we can induce multiple self-focusing events at different time bins. This allows us to probe multiple axial planes in a single laser shot. As a result, a full 3D image can be reconstructed from a single 2D transverse scan, significantly accelerating imaging speed. Additionally, the stable nonlinear propagation of these filaments leads to collinear supercontinuum generation in the form of self-guided light beams. Overall, our method presents a pathway for ultrafast, high-resolution 3D nonlinear imaging
2025 photonics for agrifood roadmap: towards a sustainable and healthier planet
No full textInternational audiencePhotonics technologies play a crucial role in driving technological advancements within the agrifood industry, aiming to deliver a sustainable food and agriculture, and offering healthy, nutritious and safe food for all of us. Particularly, optical sensors and imaging systems, together with machine-learning processing and advanced lighting, play a pivotal role in monitoring crop and soil health with unprecedented precision, while safeguarding the food supply chain. This roadmap aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art photonics technologies benefitting agrifood applications, including a view on their current limitations, challenges and future potential, while addressing practical case studies. Future trends towards multimodal sensors and sensor fusion, artificial intelligence and digital twins, miniaturization and controlled farming are highlighted. The revolutionizing capabilities of the photonics technologies are indicated, inspiring future applications and developments, and paving the way towards optimized resource utilization, increased crop yields, stopping land degradation and reduction of food waste