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Distributed Combined Space Partitioning and Network Flow Optimization: an Optimal Transport Approach
No full textInternational audienceThis paper studies a combined space partitioning and network flow optimization problem, with applications to large-scale electric power, transportation, or communication systems. In dense wireless networks for instance, one may want to simultaneously optimize the assignment of many spatially distributed users to base stations and route the resulting communication traffic through the backbone network. We formulate the overall problem by coupling a semi-discrete optimal transport (SDOT) problem, capturing the space partitioning component, with a minimum-cost flow problem on a discrete network. This formulation jointly optimizes the assignment of a continuous demand distribution to certain endpoint network nodes and the routing of flows over the network to serve the demand, under capacity constraints. As for SDOT problems, we establish that the formulation of our problem admits a tight relaxation taking the form of an infinite-dimensional linear program, derive its finite-dimensional dual, and prove that strong duality holds. We leverage this theory to design a distributed dual (super)gradient ascent algorithm solving the problem, where nodes in the graph perform computations based solely on locally available information. Simulation results illustrate the algorithm’s performance and its applicability to an electric power distribution network reconfiguration problem
Article 3 – Interdiction des traitements inhumains ou dégradants – Sur les dents
No full textInternational audience(CEDH, 5e sect. Comité de 3 juges, 26 juin 2025, no 30150/20, Benyukh c/ Ukraine
Deciphering Letermovir’s Mode of Action and Resistance Mutation Effects
No full textInternational audienceHuman cytomegalovirus is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for severe infections in immunocompromised patients, the leading cause of congenital infections worldwide, and potentially implicated in carcinogenesis. The HCMV terminase complex (pUL56-pUL89-pUL51) has emerged as a key target for antiviral drug development. Letermovir, an antiviral agent targeting this complex, inhibits viral DNA packaging, but resistance-associated mutations have already been identified within subunits. Moreover, the precise mechanism of action of letermovir remains incompletely understood. We investigated interactions among terminase subunits in presence or absence of letermovir. Wild-type and mutant forms of these proteins (including resistance mutations V236M, L241P, L257I, C325Y, R369M in pUL56 and A95V in pUL51) were cloned into NanoBiT® PPI and pCI-neo vectors. Letermovir was added after transfection in HEK293T cells, and protein-protein interactions were assessed. Our results show letermovir does not disrupt interactions between wild-type terminase subunits. Resistance-associated mutations modulate the strength of these interactions, with certain mutations (such as pUL56 V236M and L257I) significantly enhancing or reducing binding. Notably, double mutants exhibited synergistic effects. Structural analyses using the AlphaFold3 platform revealed differences between the mutation site of pUL56 and its HSV-1 counterpart pUL28. A hypothetical 3D analysis based on the cryo-EM structure of the HSV-1 terminase complex showed that resistance mutations were oriented outside the complex. These findings suggest letermovir does not act by directly inhibiting interactions among HCMV terminase subunits. Analysis of resistance-associated mutations provides insight into the molecular basis of HCMV resistance to letermovir and may inform development of novel antiviral strategies targeting the terminase complex
A Transformer-Based Approach for Enhanced Depressive Emotion Detection from Facial Expressions
No full textInternational audienc
Active and Passive Chlorophyll Fluorescence Sensing to Access Photosynthetic Traits
No full textInternational audienc
Matériaux à changement de phase (PCM): technologies de commutations uniques et défis d'intégration à grande échelle pour les applications hyperfréquences
No full textInternational audienc
Nanosecond Pulsed DBD for CH4 and CO2 Transformation into Value-added Chemicals: a Parametric Study
No full textInternational audienceCH4 reforming with CO2 was investigated using nanosecond pulsed DBD plasma, focusing on pulse parameters (pulse width and repetition frequency), discharge power, residence time and molar ratios on reaction performance. Furthermore, the impact of oxygen addition to the feed gas mixture was evaluated. At a constant power of 16 W and flow rate of 40 ml. min(-1), the increase in pulse width from 150 ns to 175 ns enhanced CH4 conversion from 18.6 to 21.1%, while CO2 conversion remained relatively stable, around 8.0%. Notably, the selectivity of products remained constant despite these changes, the main product being CO with a selectivity close to 50%. Increasing the frequency resulted in improved conversions, with optimal CO2 and CH4 conversions of 8.0% and 21.1%, respectively at 10 kHz. Methanol was identified with a low selectivity of 1.8% at 10 kHz. By varying the oxygen percentage, a marked shift in product selectivity from hydrocarbons to CO was observed. At 20% oxygen content in the feed gas, a CO selectivity of nearly 85% was achieved, with a methane conversion of 33.1%. Nanosecond pulsed plasma discharge with O-2 favors the partial oxidation of methane. A study of the effect of residence time revealed significant differences in reaction pathways between oxygen-free and oxygen-containing mixtures. Without oxygen, propane emerges as a primary reaction product when using a pure mixture of CH4 and CO2. However, when oxygen is present, the formation pathway for propane changes, with ethane serving as an intermediate. To our knowledge, this has never been reported in the literature
Soliloque sur l’efficacité de la juridictionnalisation du contentieux du devoir de vigilance
No full textInternational audienceEs gab eine Zeit, in der multinationale Unternehmen und Auftraggeber als Akteure erschienen, die sich heimlich der Anwendung des Rechts entziehen konnten. Doch der Einsturz des Rana Plaza am 24. April 2013 war der Tropfen, der das Fass zum Überlaufen brachte. Wie ließe sich vor aller Augen rechtfertigen, dass bestimmte Unternehmen Textilien in einem Drittland bei Dienstleistern bestellten, die den Arbeiterinnen und Arbeitern unzumutbare Arbeitsbedingungen auferlegten und sie in einsturzgefährdeten Gebäuden arbeiten ließen? Von da an versuchte der französische Gesetzgeber, die Unternehmen für ihre Verantwortung in der Lieferkette zur Rechenschaft zu ziehen, indem er das Gesetz Nr. 2017-399 vom 27. März 2017 über die Sorgfaltspflichten von Muttergesellschaften und Auftraggebern verabschiedete. Doch die daraus resultierenden Rechtsstreitigkeiten zeigten die Unvollständigkeit dieses Gesetzes, insbesondere in prozeduraler Hinsicht. Der vorliegende Beitrag, der zwischen 2017 und 2025 die Entwicklung der Rechtsprechung zur Sorgfaltspflicht untersucht, legt den Schwerpunkt auf die Haltung des Gesetzgebers und diejenige der Gerichte.There was a time when multinational companies and contracting firms appeared to be entities that could surreptitiously evade the application of the rule of law. However, the collapse of the Rana Plaza on April 24, 2013, was the straw that broke the camel’s back. How could one justify, in the eyes of all, that certain companies were sourcing textiles in a third country from providers who subjected workers to indecent working conditions in buildings on the verge of collapse? From then on, the French legislator sought to hold companies accountable for their supply chains by adopting Law No. 2017-399 of March 27, 2017, on the duty of vigilance of parent and contracting companies. Yet, the ensuing litigation revealed the shortcomings of this law, particularly from a procedural standpoint. This contribution, which examines the trajectory of duty of vigilance litigation between 2017 and 2025, emphasizes the stance of both the legislator and the judiciary.Il fut un temps où les entreprises multinationales et celles donneuses d’ordre apparaissaient comme des entités qui pouvaient subrepticement se dérober à l’application de la règle de droit. Toutefois, l’effondrement du Rana Plaza le 24 avril 2013 fut la goutte d’eau qui fit déborder le vase. Comment justifier aux yeux de tous que certaines entreprises commandaient du textile dans un pays tiers et auprès des prestataires qui imposaient aux ouvriers des conditions de travail indécentes et dans des locaux qui menaçaient de ruine ? Dès lors, le législateur français essaya de mettre les entreprises face à leurs responsabilités dans leur chaîne d’approvisionnement en adoptant la loi n° 2017-399 du 27 mars 2017 relative au devoir de vigilance des sociétés mères et des entreprises donneuses d'ordre. Cependant, le contentieux sous-jacent a démontré l’incomplétude de cette loi, notamment sur le plan procédural. La présente contribution qui explore entre 2017 et 2025 la trajectoire du contentieux du devoir de vigilance met l'emphase sur la posture du législateur et celle des juges
Voices, Silences, and Emotions in the Nuclear West of the United States
No full textInternational audienc
Nationwide Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterisation of 103 Patients With SH3TC2 Gene-Related Demyelinating Peripheral Neuropathy.
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundAutosomal recessive mutations in the SH3TC2 gene cause Charcot–Marie-Tooth type 4C (CMT4C) demyelinating peripheral neuropathy.MethodsIn this nationwide observational retrospective study involving 27 French University Hospitals, we analyzed the clinical, electrophysiological, and genetic features of 103 patients from 89 families with homozygous and compound heterozygous SH3TC2 gene mutations identified between 2003 and 2023.ResultsMean age was 42 years (2–80), and 49% of patients were female. Mean age at disease onset was 14 years (0–52), 60% of patients started the disease before age 10 years, and 24% after age 20 years. Patients presented with distal motor weakness (93% of cases), sensory loss (86%), foot deformities (83%), scoliosis (73%), proximal limb weakness (40%), cranial nerve involvement (48%), hearing loss (37%), scoliosis-related respiratory insufficiency (14%), and genitourinary disorders (6%). Half the patients (48%) walked independently before age 50 years, in contrast with only 13% after age 50 years. After age 50 years, 23% of patients were wheelchair-bound. Nerve conduction studies showed sensorimotor abnormalities within the demyelinating range in all cases. We identified 56 different pathogenic variants in the SH3TC2 gene, including 22 previously undescribed. Patients with two SH3TC2 gene truncating variants had more severe symptoms than patients with one or zero truncating variants.InterpretationThis study shows CMT4C is a severe childhood- and adult-onset demyelinating peripheral neuropathy often associated with scoliosis, hearing loss, and ambulation loss in a significant proportion of patients after age 50 years. Genotype–phenotype correlations suggest two truncating SH3TC2 gene variants cause a more severe phenotype