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Revue internationale d’éducation de Sèvres. Dossier « L’éducation au développement durable », Avril 2024, n° 95
No full textInternational audienc
Arrangements locaux et reconnaissances des savoirs en contexte de soin et d’éducation
No full textInternational audienceHere we propose to examine the way in which health, education and training practices in alandless community in Brazil and in a medico-educational space in the Ile de France region are reconfigured according to the specific needs of a territory and the professionals’ interpretation of the encounter with the users and the emergence of their demand. Research was carried out with a family health team in Brazil.The objective was to grasp the complexity and specific professional tensions of the work of community health workers. The data collected (participant and non-participant observations, interviews) are part of both a socio-historical (Savoye, 2003, Noiriel, 2006) and socio-clinical institutional (Monceau, 2019) approach. The second was conducted as part of a thesis in education and training sciences, taking as its theoretical framework psychoanalytic orientation (Blanchard et al., 2005) and feminist epistemologies(Haraway, 1988). Empirical collection took the form of participant observation (Lapassade, 2016) in the Maison des Adolescents. By creating a dialogue between two fields of research, we do not claim to be using a comparative approach, but rather aim to understand how, in two unique geographical, socio-economic and political contexts, and based on the particular practices that take place there, localized knowledge productions are taking shape. These productions of hybridized knowledge, poached (De Certeau, 1980), then raise the question of the recognition of knowledge considered as “lay” and the institutional andformative transformations that accompany it.Nous proposons ici d’interroger la façon dont les pratiques de santé, d’éducation et de formation dans une communauté sans-terre au Brésil et dans un espace médico-éducatif en Ile de France, sont reconfigurées en fonction des besoins spécifiques d’un territoire et de l’interprétation, par les professionnels, de la rencontre avec les usagers et l’émergence de leur demande. Une recherche s’est déroulée auprès d’une équipe de santé de la famille au Brésil. L’objectif a été de saisir la complexité et les tensions professionnelles spécifiquesdu travail des agents communautaires de santé. Les données recueillies (observations participantes, non participantes, entretiens) s’inscrivent à la fois dans une approche socio-historique (Savoye, 2003, Noiriel, 2006) et socio-clinique institutionnelle (Monceau, 2019). La seconde a été menée dans le cadre d’une thèse en sciences de l’éducation et de la formation, prenant notamment pour cadre théorique la clinique d’orientation psychanalytique (Blanchard et al., 2005) et les épistémologies féministes (Haraway,1988). Lacollecte empirique a pris la forme d’observations participantes (Lapassade, 2016) en Maison des Adolescents.En faisant dialoguer deux terrains de recherche, nous ne nous revendiquons pas d’une approche comparatiste, mais visons plutôt à comprendre comment, dans deux contextes géographiques, socio- économiques et politiques singuliers, et à partir des pratiques particulières qui s’y exercent, se dessinent des productions de savoirs localisés. Ces productions de savoirs hybridés, braconnés (De Certeau, 1980), posent alors la questiond’une reconnaissance de savoirs considérés comme « profanes » et des transformations institutionnelles et formatives qui les accompagnent
How metabolites and metabolism in aquatic biofilms reveal ecological responses to global change and their interactions
No full textInternational audienceMicrobial communities are central to ecosystem functioning, contributing to nutrient cycling, bioremediation, and primary production. Yet, understanding in situ microbial interactions and their responses to environmental changes and chemical stressors remains a significant challenge with implications for evolution, human, animal, and environmental health, as well as biotechnology. Studies of microbial metabolites and metabolism provide valuable insights into microbial activity and microbe environment interactions. They reveal community responses, including acclimatation and adaptive strategies under stress, further linking metabolomes to biogeochemical processes and phenotypic traits in dynamic environments. Also, exometabolome analysis re-veals metabolic exchanges (e.g., cross feeding) shaping community diversity and function. However, gaps in spatiotemporal metametabolome dynamics and its ties to taxonomy hinder predictions of ecosystem structure and function, limiting actionable insights for conservation and management. Microbial biofilms in temperate climates, composed of most Life Kingdoms living in various habitats and driving ecological pro-cesses, could tackle this challenge. Recent studies use functional (photosynthesis, respiration) and structural (community composition) descriptors to assess stressor impacts on these communities but often focus narrowly on autotrophs or hetero-trophs, offering incomplete insights. These methods may lack sensitivity to detect early chemical stress or microbial interactions and overlook molecular mechanisms. Omics approaches including metabarcoding, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metametabolomics emerge as vital tools to comprehensively analyze biofilm responses, revealing taxonomic, genetic, and metabolic dynamics under environ-mental stress. Especially, untargeted metametabolomics analyzes thousands of me-tabolites from microbes environment interactions, revealing stress adaptations and bioactive chemicals, but faces technical hurdles in aquatic biofilm studies. Recent advances like mass spectrometry imaging and fluxomics improve spatial and tempo-ral metabolite tracking. Integrating these methods into a unified framework could de-code microbial acclimation and chemical interactions. Further multiomics integration could bridge gaps in understanding biofilm resilience and ecological functioning in the global change context
Les polareux pris dans les « pièges pivotants » d’Apostrophes
No full textPOLARisationCe billet, issu d’un séminaire consacré à l’étude outillée par l’IA de corpus numériques, se fonde sur l’exploitation de collections de revues possédées par la BiLiPo et numérisées dans le cadre du projet POLARisation. Il vise à éclairer les remous, débats et jeux d’acteurs provoqués au sein du milieu polareux — qui sera saisi ici à la fois comme un sous-champ littéraire selon le cadre conceptuel proposé par Pierre Bourdieu et comme un « écosystème » selon l’approche de Julien Schuh —par les deux émissions d’Apostrophes consacrées au roman policier avant 1990 sur Antenne 2
Dosimetry and preclinical evaluation of long-term radiotoxicity following treatment with 212Pb alpha-radioimmunotherapy targeting CD20
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with α-emitters represents an attractive alternative for the treatment of refractory Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) due to the high linear energy transfer and short path length of α-radiation in tissues. We have previously shown that α-RIT with [212Pb]Pb-TCMC-rituximab is potentially useful for treatment of NHL. In this study, we performed radiation dosimetry and evaluated the long-term toxicity in mice to determine safety of [212Pb]Pb-TCMC-rituximab,.Results: Biodistribution data obtained after intravenous administration of [212Pb]Pb-TCMC-rituximab (185 kBq) in healthy mice were used to calculate the absorbed radiation doses from [212Pb]Pb-TCMC-rituximab. Analyses show that the alveolar-interstitial, kidneys, and spleen receive the highest dose. In order to evaluate the toxicity of RIT for up to 9 months, [212Pb]Pb-TCMC-rituximab was administered intravenously in healthy C57BL/6 mice (277.5 and 555 kBq) and in a B-NHL immunocompetent mouse model (277.5 kBq, specific activity of 37 or 370 MBq/mg). Our previous study revealed a high efficacy of [212Pb]Pb-TCMC-rituximab at 277.5 kBq and that activities of 185-370 kBq of [212Pb]Pb-TCMC-rituximab were well-tolerated. However, in this long-term study, toxicity emerged in healthy mice after four months. The median survival for the 277.5 and 555 kBq groups were 189 and 161 days, respectively. There was no significant hepatic toxicity, but there was a significant increase in urea and creatinine levels at 6 months, indicating long-term renal toxicity (p < 0.001). These results were supported by histopathological data. Long-term renal toxicity is also observed in the toxicity study performed on tumor model with two specific activities of [212Pb]Pb-TCMC-rituximab. Nevertheless, this toxicity was reduced at 370 MBq/mg compared to 37 MBq/mg.Conclusion: This study shows that long-term toxicity is induced by [212Pb]Pb-TCMC-rituximab, particularly affecting the kidneys. However, it highlights that this renal toxicity can be reduced through optimization, possibly by modifying the specific activity of the treatment
A prospective multicentre double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluating clinical, cognitive and neural effects of potentiation of electroconvulsive therapy by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with treatment-resistant depression (STIMAGNECT 2)
No full textInternational audienceMajor depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affecting approximately one-third of patients and leading to increased morbidity and healthcare costs. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains a key treatment for TRD, but its efficacy is limited, and it is associated with cognitive side effects and delayed symptom relief. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shares action mechanisms with ECT and has shown potential in enhancing ECT efficacy in a previous trial. The STIMAGNECT 2 trial aims to evaluate whether an rTMS add-on protocol can improve ECT outcomes in TRD patients after 10 ECT sessions.Methods: Eighty patients with TRD will be enrolled in a prospective multicentric double-blind randomized controlled trial. All patients will receive a total of 10 ECT sessions. Patients will be randomly assigned to an active or sham rTMS arm. The rTMS protocol (either active or sham) consists of 5 rTMS sessions over 4 days before the beginning of the ECT protocol, with an additional rTMS session the day before each ECT session from the 6th ECT session onward. The main outcome is the response rate following 10 ECT sessions, defined as the proportion of patients achieving a ≥ 50% reduction in their Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD, 21 items). Secondary outcomes include changes in depression severity (HAMD and QIDS-SR-16) at baseline, during the protocol (Day 4, Day 19, Day 26) and at the end of the protocol, as well as assessment of side effects (adapted UKU), cognitive function (memory, attention, visuospatial abilities, subjective cognitive complaint), autobiographical memory (TEMPau), and ECT session parameters such as seizure characteristics and anesthetic doses. Additionally, potential changes in regional gray matter density, cortical thickness, brain connectivity, and GABA levels will be compared between groups using several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences (3D, resting-state functional MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy).Discussion: The aim of this trial is to optimize neurostimulation protocols using the synergistic effects of rTMS and ECT in order to improve the treatment of TRD
Multi-analytical identification of the synthetic opioids cychlorphine and methiodone (IC-26) in drug seizures: first detection in Europe
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Objectives The rapid emergence of highly potent synthetic opioids represents a growing challenge for forensic and clinical laboratories. Methods We report the first identification in Europe of methiodone (IC-26) and the first detection in France of cychlorphine in drug samples collected by a drug-checking service in Paris. Results Preliminary screening by liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (LC-DAD) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed unknown peaks due to the lack of corresponding spectra in available spectral librairies. High-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) provided accurate mass measurements consistent with the cychlorphine and Methiodone formulas. Structural confirmation was obtained by 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Targeted LC-MS/MS quantified 5 % cychlorphine and 2 % methiodone, with no other psychoactive compounds detected. Conclusions These results highlight the limitations of library-based screening and the value of multi-platform strategies integrating LC-HRMS, LC-MS/MS, and NMR for the early detection of emerging drugs
Select representative samples: a short survey on statistical divergence minimization for active learning
No full textThis paper investigates the formalization of representativeness for manually selected samples in supervised learning. Instead of using independent and identically distributed (iid) samples to train a black-box model, active learning looks for informative samples, often using a proxy for the uncertainty of the current model on unlabeled data points, to maximize it. A problem arises in the distribution of the constructed subset, which we call representative if it is close enough to those of an iid sample, where the distribution is uniform over the indices and supposed to mimic the true unknown marginal. Several measures to quantify the gap have then been used -from the traditional Wasserstein distance to general integral probability metrics. We review these methods with (1) specifying algorithms when provided and (2) exploring the associated generalization bounds. Our first goal is to show their connections and pave the ground for developing more general methods.</div
