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Power and performance aware electronic system level design
No full textInternational audienceSystem-on-Chip (SoC) designers face many challenges to improve at the same time performance and energy efficiency, due to the continuous increase of the architecture complexity. Designers use Electronic System Level (ESL) tools and virtual prototyping to face this complexity in the early step of the system design. Power consumption includes dynamic power and static power. Power consumption and performance are adversely affected by supply voltage and frequency. This potential trade-off cannot be studied separately. Our work enhances an existing industrial performance model with the introduction of a new power-aware library, which allows a combined early power and performance analysis
Health is in the eyes of the beholder: the Impact of Social Norms on Perceived Health Dispositions
No full textInternational audienceThe field of health practices is one in which broader cultural ideologies are expressed as well as one subjected to social regulations legitimized through widely valued and shared standards taken from mundane perceptions. In this research, we investigated how cultural ideologies, here operationalized as social norms, influence people’s perceptions of the state of health and health behavior of others. These perceptions were investigated in two independent studies using impression-management tasks. The participants were asked to judge a target with respect to socially valued characteristics that were not directly related to health: attractiveness (Study 1) and future orientation (Study 2). We found that broader and implicit ideologies indeed had an influence on the participants’ perceptions of the targets’ general state of health and participants’ attributions of health behaviors to the targets. Our results invite a more systematic analysis of the relationships between dominant sets of values and norms and health-related perceptions of others
Probing changes of dust properties along a chain of solar-type prestellar and protostellar cores in Taurus with NIKA
No full textInternational audienceThe characterization of dust properties in the interstellar medium is key for understanding the physics and chemistry of star formation. Mass estimates are crucial to determine gravitational collapse conditions for the birth of new stellar objects in molecular clouds. However, most of these estimates rely on dust models that need further observational constraints to capture the relevant parameter variations depending on the local environment: from clouds to prestellar and protostellar cores. We present results of a new study of dust emissivity changes based on millimeter continuum data obtained with the NIKA camera at the IRAM-30 m telescope. Observing dust emission at 1.15 mm and 2 mm allows us to constrain the dust emissivity index, β, in the Rayleigh-Jeans tail of the dust spectral energy distribution far from its peak emission, where the contribution of other parameters (i.e. dust temperature) is more important. Focusing on the Taurus molecular cloud, one of the most famous low-mass star-forming regions in the Gould Belt, we analyze the emission properties of several distinct objects in the B213 filament. This subparsec-sized region is of particular interest since it is characterized by a collection ofevolutionary stages of early star formation: three prestellar cores, two Class 0/I protostellar cores and one Class II object. We are therefore able to compare dust properties among a sequence of sources that likely derive from the same parent filament. By means of the ratio of the two NIKA channel maps, we show that in the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation, βRJ varies among the objects: it decreases from prestellar cores (βRJ ~ 2) to protostellar cores (βRJ ~ 1) and the Class II object (βRJ ~ 0). For one prestellar and two protostellar cores, we produce a robust study using available Herschel data to constrain the dust temperature of the sources. By using the Abel transform inversion technique we derive accurate radial temperature profiles that allow us to obtain radial β profiles. We find systematic spatial variations of β in the protostellar cores that are not observed in the prestellar core. While in the former case β decreases toward the center (with β varying between 1 and 2), in the latter it remains constant (β = 2.4 ± 0.3). Moreover, the dust emissivity index appears anticorrelated with the dust temperature. We discuss the implication of these results in terms of dust grain evolution between pre- and protostellar cores.Key words: dust, extinction / ISM: structure / stars: protostars / stars: formation / ISM: individual objects: B213 in Taurus⋆ Based on observations carried out under project number 146-13 with the IRAM 30 m Telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain).⋆⋆ The FITS file of the published maps is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/604/A5
Psychologie des êtres artificiels #PsyArti
No full textCe document pose les bases du démarrage d’une activité de recherche sur le thème de la Psychologie des êtres artificiels. Il donne les première définition et cadre les activités à développer.Ce document est par essence incrémental, son dépôt fera donc l'objet de plusieurs versions au fur et à mesure de l'avancement des réflexions et travaux
Characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticle intestinal absorption, in vivo and ex vivo, in the mouse
No full textTitanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are ingested on a daily basis by millions of people, especially in western countries, being largely used as additive in manufactured foods or pharmaceutical drugs. Its oral administration was shown to exacerbate colitis, during UC or Crohn Diseases, by activating the NRLP3 inflammasome in gut and increasing its overall distribution in the blood or the spleen (Lomer MC Br J Nutr 2004;92:947, Ruiz PA, Gut. 2016 Feb 4. pii: gutjnl-2015-310297). Our study investigated the intestinal absorptive route of the alimentary TiO2 (E171) , after a unique gavage in mice, characterizing the major sites and kinetic of its absorption and distribution in the intestine and blood. The pathways of TiO2 absorption were also characterized ex vivo, in anesthetized mouse using specific inhibitors injected with the particles in ligatured loops of the jejunum. The TiO2 particles were detected using confocal microscopy and laser light reflection which uniquely permit to look at extended tissue area. The TiO2 particles from 100 nm to 1-2 micrometers showed a major absorption in the jejunum in both the villi and Peyer Patches and much lower uptake in ileon and colon. In villi the TiO2 absorption rose until 4 hours after feeding and returned to control levels at 8 h while Peyer patches contents remained low at 4h but are significantly increased at 8 h. TiO2 particles were also 4 time increased in the blood at 4 and 8 h, compared to controls, showing similar kinetics of accumulations as previously reported in human (Pele, L. C. et al. Part Fibre Toxicol, 2015 12, 26). In ex vivo experiments the absorption of TiO2 in ligatured loops of jejunum were found to be rapid, clearly visible after 15 or 30 minutes of incubation and is inhibited by 66 % in the presence of 100 mM of TAP (4,5,6-Triaminopyrimidine sulfate) a tight junction blocker suggesting a major absorption via a paracellular pathways across epithelial tight junctions. By contrast, the intestinal uptake of TiO2 was not modified in the presence of either 100 mM 5-(N-Ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride inhibiting pinocytosis, 30 µM pitstop 2 which blocks clathrin dependent endocytosis or17 µM methyl beta-cyclodextrin affecting raft-mediated endocytosis, showing little or no contribution of endocytosis in the absorptive process. We developed an easy method to rapidly follow the intestinal absorption of TiO2 by the intestine using confocal microscopy. The absorption occurred through out the intestine, being predominant in both villi and Peyer patches of the jejunum. Most TiO2 particles entered the intestine through a paracellular route, passed through it and were transferred to the blood in a few hours
Cross-border residential mobility, life satisfaction and modal shift: A Luxembourg case study.
No full textInternational audienceIt is argued in the life-oriented approach that travel behavior affects life choice and vice versa with resulting impacts on quality of life (QOL). By deepening the analysis of interdependences between daily mobility and life event (relocation) and their relationships with QOL, this article focuses on two challenges. It aims at analyzing how these life events first, encourage travel behavior changes, especially mode choice, and second, improve or decrease people’s QOL. By radically changing living context and built environment, relocation also affects routine and satisfaction. These relationships are investigated in the Luxembourg cross-border area, where great differences related to real estate price encourage residential moves from Luxembourg to neighboring countries, while the general decline in public transport efficiency at the border may support car use. We use both mixed and ordered logit models. The first one investigates whether individuals’ life-stage changes and residential relocation are significant regarding their mode choice decision. The second estimates individuals’ global QOL and the roles of complementary factors (changing housing conditions, built environment, subjective satisfaction, travel time and socio-economic characteristics). The analysis reveals several results. The effect of the different factors is consistent with travel mode choice literature despite the specific cross-border context. Nevertheless, relocation, mainly oriented towards a cross-border suburbanization, significantly increases the probability of using the car for daily activities. These trips and especially the journeys to work are the least satisfactory aspects of daily life after relocation but does not affect the general level of QOL. At the opposite, the better housing conditions after relocation have positive effect on the QOL. From a policy perspective, this life-oriented approach in cross-border context confirms the influence of life events on QOL while it demonstrates a higher importance of housing conditions than spatial constraints on relocation and satisfaction
Les racines émotionnelles de la possession religieuse. Une ethnographie comparative
No full textInternational audienceThis article is based on a comparative ethnography of the possession trance in two religious contexts: the Xangô, an initiatory cult of Yoruba origin in Recife (Brazil), and Takiwasi, one of the main "shamanic centers" of the Peruvian Amazon. This comparison suggests that certain traits related to rituals and cultural elements of the religious practices organize the experience of possession, and in particular its emotional dimension.We propose here to explore the emotional dimension of possession, often treated as contingent in cognitive, functionalist or symbolic approaches to possession trance. We suggest that the emergence of possession is suspended to a learning process on the part of the candidates for possession, but also by religious specialists whose function is to guide them in this learning process. This learning involves not only the induction of specific emotions, their identification, but also their interpretation, organization and expression in the prism of the cultural expectations of the social group. We will then seek to identify what, in the emotional dimension of possession, brings together and distinguishes the two religious cultures. The exploration of the emotional dimension of possession proposed here can be seen as a first step in the direction of a wider modeling of the phenomenon, which remains to be realized
Cosmology with gamma-ray bursts: II Cosmography challenges and cosmological scenarios for the accelerated Universe
No full textInternational audienceContext. Explaining the accelerated expansion of the Universe is one of the fundamental challenges in physics today. Cosmography provides information about the evolution of the universe derived from measured distances, assuming only that the space time geometry is described by the Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric, and adopting an approach that effectively uses only Taylor expansions of basic observables.Aims. We perform a high-redshift analysis to constrain the cosmographic expansion up to the fifth order. It is based on the Union2 type Ia supernovae data set, the gamma-ray burst Hubble diagram, a data set of 28 independent measurements of the Hubble parameter, baryon acoustic oscillations measurements from galaxy clustering and the Lyman-α forest in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), and some Gaussian priors on h and ΩM.Methods. We performed a statistical analysis and explored the probability distributions of the cosmographic parameters. By building up their regions of confidence, we maximized our likelihood function using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method.Results. Our high-redshift analysis confirms that the expansion of the Universe currently accelerates; the estimation of the jerk parameter indicates a possible deviation from the standard ΛCDM cosmological model. Moreover, we investigate implications of our results for the reconstruction of the dark energy equation of state (EOS) by comparing the standard technique of cosmography with an alternative approach based on generalized Padé approximations of the same observables. Because these expansions converge better, is possible to improve the constraints on the cosmographic parameters and also on the dark matter EOS.Conclusions. The estimation of the jerk and the DE parameters indicates at 1σ a possible deviation from the ΛCDM cosmological model.Key words: dark energy / cosmological parameters / cosmology: theor
Le balcon, les pots de fleur et la mehitza. Histoire de la politisation religieuse du genre dans les synagogues françaises
No full textInternational audienceL'histoire de la séparation des sexes dans les synagogues françaises depuis le XIX e siècle illustre le fait que loin d'être un invariant, la conflictualité religieuse sur le genre est liée à des moments d'autonomisation, de transnationalisation et de différenciation interne des champs religieux. À partir des années 1980-90, l'arrangement des sexes à la synagogue est devenu un marqueur symbolique des frontières internes au judaïsme français. Le retour de la meḥitsa (séparation physique entre les sexes à la synagogue) est utilisé comme marqueur d'authenticité orthodoxe dans les concurrences entre Consistoire et synagogues orthodoxes indépendantes, avant que l'accès des femmes à la participation égalitaire au rituel ne devienne, en réaction, un marqueur de « non-orthodoxie » avec le développement des synagogues libérales et massorties en France. La configuration actuelle contraste avec un moment antérieur de politisation religieuse du genre au XIX e siècle, où les nouveaux balcons pour les femmes dans les synagogues symbolisaient, vis-à-vis de l'État français et de la société majoritaire, la modernité religieuse juive