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Extension de procédure pour confusion des patrimoines : les relations financières anormales précisées, note sous Cass. com., 2 nov. 2016, no 15-13006
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Quand l’intérêt de groupe ne permet pas de justifier un abus de biens sociaux, note sous Cass. crim., 1er févr. 2017, no 15-85199, F-P+B+R+I
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Rotational velocity fields of galaxies and projective geometry of spacetime
No full textRelativistic localizing systems show that the pseudo-Riemannian geometry of spacetime is somehow encapsulated in the projective geometry of a Cartan connection space (generalized Cartan space). In this paper, we present fits of rotational velocity fields of galaxies based on a modification of the Newton's law of gravitation such that it becomes equivariant with respect to the homographic transformations induced by this projective geometry
Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Goals: The Need for Innovative and Institutional Solutions
No full textInternational audienceThe relationship between entrepreneurship and sustainable development has received considerable attention from academics and policymakers, as society searches for solutions leading to sustainability. The role of innovation and institutional quality in reaching sustainability goals is one of the key areas tackled by the current sustainable development debate, particularly in developing countries. Using a modified environmental Kuznets curve model, this study attempts to better improve our understanding of the critical roles of innovation, institutional quality, and entrepreneurship in the structural change toward a sustainable future in Africa. The empirical results show that both formal and informal entrepreneurship are conducive to less environmental quality and sustainability in 17 African countries where the contribution of informal entrepreneurship is much higher compared to the formal one. However, the relationship between entrepreneurship and sustainable development becomes strongly positive when the levels of innovation and institutional quality are higher. This research makes a contribution to this important emerging research area in that it clarifies conditions through which countries and firms in Africa can move toward more sustainable products and services. Formalizing the informal sector can lead to the improvement of the environmental and economic performance
Connaissances des recommandations de la société française de médecine d’urgence de l’échographie clinique de médecine d’urgences de niveau 1 dans les services d’urgences des Alpes-Maritimes et du Var-Est
No full textINTRODUCTION :<br>L’échographie clinique en médecine d’urgences (ECMU) est un outil reconnu dans la littérature internationale depuis les années 2000. Les premières recommandations françaises sont publiées en 2016 par la Société française de médecine d’urgences (SFMU).<br>OBJECTIF :<br>Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d’évaluer les connaissances de recommandations de la SFMU du premier niveau d’échographie clinique en médecine d’urgences (ECMU) de 2016, de déterminer les facteurs liés à la maitrise de cette technique et décrire ses facteurs limitants.<br>MÉTHODES :<br>Nous avons réalisé une étude observationnelle multicentrique entre septembre et décembre 2016 dans les services d’accueil des urgences (SAU) de 10 hôpitaux des Alpes-Maritimes, du Var-Est et de Monaco, incluant des médecins thésés, par auto-évaluation. 21 recommandations fortes, appropriées avec accord fort ou relatif, ont été évalué. La somme d’items ressenti comme acquis par le médecin était appelée Score 21. Les moyennes de Score 21 était comparé par plusieurs caractéristiques. La différence entre les groupes a été testé par une analyse de la variance (ANOVA) puis un test LSD (least significant différence) de Fisher lorsque le nombre de groupes comparés étaient supérieur à deux. Une analyse par régression pas à pas a été réalisé pour prédire la maitrise de 75% des recommandations avec les variables explicatives comme l’âge, la formation initiale en médecine d’urgence et la formation d’ECMU. Les facteurs limitants ont été après recueil en question libre ont été regroupés.<br>RÉSULTATS :<br>100 médecins ont été inclus. La moyenne de Score 21 était de 11,7+/-6,1. 2% déclaraient savoir maitriser les 21 recommandations étudiées. En analyse univariée, il existait une différence statistiquement significative selon l’âge (<35 ans : 14,8+/-3,7, 35-50 ans : 11,5+/-6,3, > 50ans : 7,3+/-6,2 ANOVA p<0,001, LSD p<0,05)), selon la formation initiale (Diplôme d’études spécialisée complémentaire de médecine d’urgences (DESCMU) : 15,1+/-3,6, Capacité de médecine d’urgences (CMU) 9,9+/-6,2 et Autres : 6,6+/-6,7)), la formation d’ECMU (Diplôme interuniversitaire d’échographie (DIUE) 17,8+/-1,8, ECMU en DESCMU 14,3+/-4,2, Formation courte 11,5+/-4,9, Sans formation 7,3+/-5,8 ANOVA p<0,001, LSD p>0,05). En régression logistique multivariée en pas à pas, les facteurs liés retrouvés étaient l’âge (Odd ratio 0,90 (0,82-0,99)) et le DIUE (Odd ratio 62,1(9,61-402,38).<br>CONCLUSION :<br>Les connaissances de recommandations de l’ECMU de premier niveau sont insuffisantes dans les Alpes-Maritimes et le Var-Est. L’âge et la formation par le DIUE étaient des facteurs indépendants liés à sa maîtrise
Convex relaxation for IMSE optimal design in random-field models
Get PDFInternational audienceThe construction of optimal designs for random-field interpolation models via convex design theory is considered. The definition of an Integrated Mean-Squared Error (IMSE) criterion yields a particular Karhunen–Loève expansion of the underlying random field. After spectral truncation, the model can be interpreted as a Bayesian (or regularised) linear model based on eigenfunctions of this Karhunen–Loève expansion, and can be further approximated by a linear model involving orthogonal observation errors. Using the continuous relaxation of approximate design theory, the search of an IMSE optimal design can then be turned into a Bayesian A-optimal design problem, which can be efficiently solved by convex optimisation. A careful analysis of this approach is presented, also including the situation where the model contains a linear parametric trend, which requires specific treatments. Several approaches are proposed, one of them enforcing orthogonality between the trend functions and the complementary random field. Convex optimisation, based on a quadrature approximation of the IMSE criterion and a discretisation of the design space, yields an optimal design in the form of a probability measure with finite support. A greedy extraction procedure of the exchange type is proposed for the selection of observation locations within this support, the size of the extracted design being controlled by the level of spectral truncation. The performance of the approach is investigated on a series of examples indicating that designs with high IMSE efficiency are easily obtained
Task-based adaptive multiresolution for time-space multi-scale reaction-diffusion systems on multi-core architectures
Get PDFInternational audienceA new solver featuring time-space adaptation and error control has been recently introduced to tackle the numerical solution of stiff reaction-diffusion systems. Based on operator splitting, finite volume adaptive multiresolution and high order time integrators with specific stability properties for each operator, this strategy yields high computational efficiency for large multidimensional computations on standard architectures such as powerful workstations. However, the data structure of the original implementation, based on trees of pointers, provides limited opportunities for efficiency enhancements, while posing serious challenges in terms of parallel programming and load balancing. The present contribution proposes a new implementation of the whole set of numerical methods including Radau5 and ROCK4, relying on a fully different data structure together with the use of a specific library, TBB, for shared-memory, task-based parallelism with work-stealing. The performance of our implementation is assessed in a series of test-cases of increasing difficulty in two and three dimensions on multi-core and many-core architectures, demonstrating high scalability
Deformation behavior of continental crust during subduction and exhumation: Strain distribution over the Tenda massif (Alpine Corsica, France)
No full textInternational audienceIn order to address the question of strain localization within continental units during subduction and exhumation, a large-scale portion of an exhumed continental crust was structurally revisited. The Tenda massif (Alpine Corsica) has recorded burial (D1; top-to-the-SW kinematics) down to blueschist-facies conditions followed by exhumation (D2; top-to-the-NE kinematics). It was so far regarded as a quite rigid unit with strain localization at the upper contact with the overlying oceanic material, the East Tenda Shear Zone (ETSZ), where previous studies were focused. A structural analysis carried out from the core to the boundaries of this continental unit shows instead that deformation is pervasive in the whole section. A reappraisal of the finite structure shows that this unit corresponds to a N140°E elongated dome of D2 fabrics severely overprinting earlier D1 structures, locally preserved in the core of the dome. Field observations show that deformation was distributed at maximum burial, pervasively affecting both the Tenda massif and the overlying tectonically coupled oceanic material. Strain remained distributed during the first steps of exhumation that probably started during the last stages of subduction. After a regional switch from compression to extension, deformation localized toward the ETSZ and other internal shear zones such as the newly described Saleccia Shear Zone, as shown by strain intensity mapping in the eastern granitic protoliths. Doming occurred during this localization when crossing the brittle-ductile transition. This large-scale structural study shows that lithological boundaries controlled the place where strain localized, while the general style of deformation (distributed vs localized) was controlled by depth (i.e. pressure-temperature conditions), interacting with other parameters such as fluid circulation and protolith composition