HAL-UNICE
Not a member yet
30584 research outputs found
Sort by
Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of dengue transmission in an urban setting: An ecological study in Nouméa, New Caledonia
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundDengue is a mosquito-borne virus that causes extensive morbidity and economic loss in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Often present in cities, dengue virus is rapidly spreading due to urbanization, climate change and increased human movements. Dengue cases are often heterogeneously distributed throughout cities, suggesting that small-scale determinants influence dengue urban transmission. A better understanding of these determinants is crucial to efficiently target prevention measures such as vector control and education. The aim of this study was to determine which socioeconomic and environmental determinants were associated with dengue incidence in an urban setting in the Pacific.MethodologyAn ecological study was performed using data summarized by neighborhood (i.e. the neighborhood is the unit of analysis) from the last two dengue epidemics (2008–2009 and 2012–2013) in the city of Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia. Spatial patterns and hotspots of dengue transmission were assessed using global and local Moran’s I statistics. Multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to investigate the association between dengue incidence and various socioeconomic and environmental factors throughout the city.Principal findingsThe 2008–2009 epidemic was spatially structured, with clusters of high and low incidence neighborhoods. In 2012–2013, dengue incidence rates were more homogeneous throughout the city. In all models tested, higher dengue incidence rates were consistently associated with lower socioeconomic status (higher unemployment, lower revenue or higher percentage of population born in the Pacific, which are interrelated). A higher percentage of apartments was associated with lower dengue incidence rates during both epidemics in all models but one. A link between vegetation coverage and dengue incidence rates was also detected, but the link varied depending on the model used.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a robust spatial association between dengue incidence rates and socioeconomic status across the different neighborhoods of the city of Nouméa. Our findings provide useful information to guide policy and help target dengue prevention efforts where they are needed most.Author summaryDengue virus is rapidly spreading throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide, possibly aided by environmental change, urbanization and/or increase in human mobility. Already present in 120 countries, dengue virus causes extensive disease burden and generates large economic costs. As dengue is mosquito-borne, its transmission pattern is strongly influenced by climate. However, dengue cases are not always distributed evenly throughout cities, where climate can be assumed to be homogenous. This suggests that other factors which are heterogeneously distributed in cities could play a role in dengue transmission, such as socioeconomic status and environmental factors (both natural and built). Identifying those factors is crucial to develop and target dengue prevention interventions, such as mosquito control and education. Our study uses dengue incidence statistics from two large epidemics in Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia, to investigate which socioeconomic or environmental factors correlate with dengue incidence in an urban setting. Dengue incidence was consistently higher in neighborhoods where socioeconomic status was lower (i.e. lower revenue or higher unemployment) and often higher where the proportion of single-family houses in all buildings was higher. Our data suggest that, if resources are limited, prevention measures should be targeted in priority towards neighborhoods of lower socioeconomic status
L’usage de la « race » dans l’espace public français : le cas des « Noirs
No full textInternational audienceA travers le cas de la catégorie "Noirs", il s'agit de montrer le rôle de différents acteurs (journalistes, intellectuels, politiques, militants associatifs) dans le recours à des des grilles de lecture ouvertement racisantes de la réalité sociale
Hihg education and fertility in Algeria : contribution of fertility intentions among single women and men
No full textInternational audienc
Increased Fatigue Response to Augmented Deceptive Feedback during Cycling Time Trial.
No full textInternational audienceThis study aimed to investigate the effect of different magnitudes of deception on performance and exercise-induced fatigue during cycling time-trial.Following three familiarization visits, three females and eight males performed three 5 km cycling time-trials while following a simulated dynamic avatar reproducing either 100% (5K100%), 102% (5K102%) or 105% (5K105%) of the subject's previous fastest trial. Quadriceps muscle activation was quantified with surface electromyography. Fatigue was quantified by pre- to post-exercise (10 s through 15 min recovery) changes in quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force, potentiated twitch force evoked by electrical femoral nerve stimulation (QTSingle) and voluntary activation (VA, twitch interpolation technique).Greater quadriceps muscle activation in 5K102% vs. 5K100% (12±11%) was found in parallel with a 5±2% and 2±1% improvement in power output and completion time, respectively (p < 0.01). Exercise-induced reduction in MVC force and VA were 14±19% and 28±31% greater at exercise termination (at 10 s) whereas QTSingle recovery (from 10 s to 15 min) was 5±5% less in 5K102% vs. 5K100% (p < 0.01). No difference in performance or fatigue indices measured at exercise termination was found between 5K100% and 5K105%.Muscle activation and performance improvements during a deceptive cycling time-trial were achieved only with a 2% magnitude of deception and were associated with a further impairment in MVC force, QTSingle recovery and VA compared to control. Performance improvement during cycling time-trial with augmented deceptive feedback therefore resulted in exacerbated exercise-induced peripheral and central fatigue
Diversification touristique, démarches innovantes et changement social sur le versant sud des Annapurna (Népal). Quelle place pour les femmes ?
No full textInternational audienceLa féminisation des sociétés montagnardes en versant sud des Annapurna résulte d’une émigration internationale de travail surtout masculine, qui constitue au Népal un phénomène ancien, de grande ampleur et d’intensité croissante. Les jeunes hommes qui émigrent n’aspirent souvent pas à rentrer au village pour y vivre de l’agriculture et préfèrent à leur retour au pays s’installer en ville. Mais dans les secteurs marqués par un développement touristique, ancien ou plus récent, autour de la pratique du trekking – et aujourd’hui d’autres APN (canyoning, parapente) – les revenus issus de cette émigration masculine de longue durée ouvrent aussi des possibilités d’investissement dans les activités touristiques, comme l’hébergement : l’ouverture de homestays (gite chez l’habitant) sur les étapes de treks existants (Tour des Annapurna, ABC) ou émergents (Mardi Himal ou Machhapuchhre Model Trek.) apparaît ici porteuse d’innovation sociale, à travers leur fréquente gestion communautaire à l’échelle du village, mais aussi parce que l’absence des hommes place les femmes en première ligne dans le déploiement et la gestion de ces activités d’accueil. (Recherche dans le cadre de l’ANR AQAPA)
Urban objects classification by spectral library: feasibility and applications
No full textInternational audienceObjects recognition in urban environment using multiband imagery, is a difficult process, implying the use of elaborated and complex image processing methods, which are used to enhance the detection efficiency. The urban mosaics are characterized by multiple materials (e.g. manmade, urban vegetation, bare soil, transport infrastructure, etc.), which are combined together to form a complex patchwork. This study aim to take advantage of the multiband imagery, to assess the feasibility degree of the urban objects detection, and to explore some of the applications related to the multiband hyperspectral imagery classification. Abstrac
Antenne miniature implantée pour applications RFID UHF
No full textNational audienceDans cet article, la conception d’une antenne miniature implantée dans un petit animal et destinée à fonctionner dans la bande RFID UHF européenne est présentée. Un des objectifs consiste à miniaturiser l’élément rayonnant tout en préservant son efficacité afin de permettre une communication fiable entre un dispositif d’identification externe et le petit animal. L’élément rayonnant est un dipôle de taille réduite combiné avec une petite antenne boucle rectangulaire. Cette antenne de dimensions 2,4x25,4x0,44mm3 intègre une puce Impinj Monza® 4 présentant à 868MHz une impédance de (5,5-j74) Ohms. La conception et l’optimisation de l’antenne ont été réalisées à l’aide du logiciel HFSS d’ANSYS. Les résultats obtenus donnent une efficacité de rayonnement de 0,7% et un gain total de -17,5dBi
Reasons for Youth Sport Dropout from Organized Sport: The Case Of Ethiopian Youth Sport Academy Athlete Tirunesh Dibaba Sport Training Center
No full textInternational audienceAthlete Tirunesh Dibaba Sports Training Centre was established in 2009 at Asela (Arsi) under Ethiopian Sports Commission's Sports Academy, establishing programs intending to supply young competitive athletes to the national federations. But trainees with promising performance have been observed leaving from the training centre before they have reached their top performance. From the personal experience of the author, who has been working in this institution as a coach for five years, a high number of trainees are leaving the Centre before they finish their training years and no longer continue their training. What are the main causes leading young Ethiopian promising athletes to drop out from organized sport involvement? In this paper, number of possible factors for dropout has been evaluated, following a comprehensive fieldwork collection of data which include interviews with coaches, with the training centers' medical team and the trainees, but also questionnaires and analysis of secondary data organized by the registrar of the training centre about the trainees
L'extrême droite et l'Islam : fractures idéologiques et stratégies électorales
No full textNational audienc
Kinetic formulation of a 2 × 2 hyperbolic system arising in gas chromatography
No full textThe PSA system commonly used in the context of gas-solid chromatography is reformulated as a single kinetic equation using an additional kinetic variable. A kinetic numerical scheme is built from this new formulation and its behavior is tested on solving the Riemann problem in different configurations leading to single or composite waves