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Design of Facultative Pond for the Treatment of Industrial Waste Water in Urban Settlement
Get PDFThis study evaluated the degree of pollution of Ikpoba River due to the incessant discharge of industrial wastewater into the river. The entire study area was digitised and geo-referenced in order to generate the map of the study area as well as the sampling points. Eight (8) water samples were obtained from different locations from the direction of flow of industrial discharge into the river and also within the river. The coordinate of the sample collection points were acquired using handheld geographic positioning system (GPS). Water samples for physicochemical analysis were collected in a clean sterilized plastic container and analysis were carried out in the laboratory following standard procedure. The environmental variables measured were dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solid (TSS), pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity, concentration of nitrate and nitrite, chloride, phosphate, zinc, barium, tin, biological oxygen demand (BOD), conductivity, manganese, magnesium, calcium etc. Results obtained showed that most parameters investigated had increasing values. The calculated water quality index (WQI) from the sampling points ranged from 40.02 to 52.62, which indicates that most of the samples are bad as classified using National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) standard. This study therefore recommends that water quality around areas of industrial wastewater discharge in Ikpoba hill should be monitored and adequate treatment recommended where necessary
Impacts of Weather and Environmental Conditions on Mobile Communication Signals
Get PDFThe impacts of weather and environmental conditions on mobile communication signals were determined in this study. A Glo mobile communication network operating in the 900MHz band was considered. The Glo fixed base transceiver station (BTS) location at Gloworld in Benin City was considered. A frequency-signal tracker software, version 2.5.1 was installed and configured into a notebook Intel palm top, relative parameters data were obtained from 200 meters from the Glo BTS from 28th of July to 31st of August 2016, with data obtained hourly. Morning, afternoon and evening, and dry weather, fog weather and raining conditions was based on the statistical central tendency parameters. The average refractivity gradient observed was -61.3 N/km. It was observed that dry weather, signal strength variation was within 32 dBm, fog, variation was within 34 dBm range, while the variation of rain was within 38 dBm range indicating higher variation. It was observed that the more the mobile station move away from the BTS the higher the signal loss and that temperature and refractivity gradient has 0.50 and 0.42 positive correlations. In addition, relative humidity and pressure possesses negative correlations of -0.50 and -0.44 respectively
Design and Fabrication of a Plastic Film Granulating Machine
Get PDFPlastic film granulating machine is an industrial machine used for reducing plastic materials, mostly for grinding plastic into granules of uniform sizes for further processing either into new plastic shapes or recycled back to its parental source. This paper presents the use of locally sourced materials for realising the same machine; reducing its size and cost, while maintaining high efficiency, as well as decrease in vibration and increased shear efficiency with uniform size of granules. The machine consists of the hopper, the grinding chamber in which contains the shaft and cutting blades with a discharge unit. The plastic film granulator has a capacity of granulating 1kg of recycled plastic in 1h at 75% efficiency, a working revolution of 3000rpm, and power rating of 5.5hp engine. The machine works by principle of shearing, power is transferred from the motor to the granulating shaft with the aid of a transmission coupler that connects them. The inlet plastics are granulated until the desired size is achieved, small enough to pass through the discharge screen
Cross Site Scripting Attacks in Web-Based Applications
Get PDFWeb-based applications has turn out to be very prevalent due to the ubiquity of web browsers to deliver service oriented application on-demand to diverse client over the Internet and cross site scripting (XSS) attack is a foremost security risk that has continuously ravage the web applications over the years. This paper critically examines the concept of XSS and some recent approaches for detecting and preventing XSS attacks in terms of architectural framework, algorithm used, solution location, and so on. The techniques were analysed and results showed that most of the available recognition and avoidance solutions to XSS attacks are more on the client end than the server end because of the peculiar nature of web application vulnerability and they also lack support for self-learning ability in order to detect new XSS attacks. Few researchers as cited in this paper inculcated the self-learning ability to detect and prevent XSS attacks in their design architecture using artificial neural networks and soft computing approach; a lot of improvement is still needed to effectively and efficiently handle the web application security menace as recommended
Implementation of an Embedded Microcontroller-Based Intrusion Detection System
Get PDFoai:sciengtexopen.org:article/3This paper highlights the implementation of an embedded microcontroller-based intrusion detection system. The PIC16F84A microcontroller embedded in the system was programmed using the MikroC Language for the microcontrollers, to pick up an intrusion signal from the motion sensor, (which interprets the signal to be an electrical signal e.g. voltage), process it and then give a command to the display or output units. The output includes a 16x2 ALPHA liquid crystal display (LCD) and a buzzer (alarm unit), which in turn implement the command thereby notifying the environment of the presence of an intruder by displaying “Intruder Detected!” on the LCD and by a beeping sound with an interval of 0.5s delay by the alarm unit. The system was tested and was found to be efficient and suitable for solving myriad of security issues that confront us in modern times
Developed Automated Vehicle Traffic Light Controller System for Cities in Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper presents a research work that was carried out to resolve challenges of traffic light system. This work employs the use of a microcontroller, an inductive loop which acts as the vehicle detector and LED’s (light emitting diodes) for simulating the red, yellow and green light in a traffic light. The inductive loop is embedded in pavement along the road which senses the presence of vehicle. When a vehicle passes across the loop, the magnetic field changes and the inductance of the coil is decreased resulting in a frequency change of the oscillator which is detected by the controller. The interrupt is set to make the traffic light allow the movement of vehicles on the lane with many vehicles on it according to information on the counter. This means that when the system discovers the lane with many vehicles by the number on the counter, the interrupt function comes into operation by interrupting the counting process and allowing the system to allow movement in that lane. Then the system resumes back to counting after this process is done. The test results show that the system can be physically and successfully implemented
Identification of Radar Signals Based on Time-Frequency Agility using Short-Time Fourier Transform
Get PDFWith modern advances in radar technologies and increased complexity in aerial battle, there is need for knowledge acquisition on the abilities and operating characteristics of intercepted hostile systems. The required knowledge obtained through advanced signal processing is necessary for either real time-warning or in order to determine Electronic Order of Battle (EOB) of these systems. An algorithm was therefore developed in this paper based on a joint Time-Frequency Distribution (TFD) in order to identify the time-frequency agility of radar signals based on its changing pulse characteristics. The joint TFD used in this paper was the square magnitude of the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), where power and frequency obtained at instants of time from its Time-Frequency Representation (TFR) was used to estimate the time and frequency parameters of the radar signals respectively. Identification was thereafter done through classification of the signals using a rule-based classifier formed from the estimated time and frequency parameters. The signals considered in this paper were the simple pulsed, pulse repetition interval modulated, frequency hopping and the agile pulsed radar signals, which represent cases of various forms of agility associated with modern radar technologies. Classification accuracy was verified using the Monte Carlo simulation performed at various ranges of Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) in the presence of noise modelled by the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Results obtained showed identification accuracy of 99% irrespective of the signal at a minimum SNR of 0dB where signal and noise power were the same. The obtained minimum SNR at this classification accuracy showed that the developed algorithm can be deployed practically in the electronic warfare field for accurate agility classification of airborne radar signals
Low Back Pain and its Assessment among Commercial Fishermen in Agenebode: An Ergonomic Perspective
Get PDFIn a research done amongst commercial fishermen in Agenebode (Lat. 7.11oN, 6.69oE), the problem low back pain is significant in the fishing business. Research information is scarce on the investigation of the ergonomic stress of professional fishing. Moreover, there is no prior analysis, which investigates the relationship between low back stress (LBS) and low back pain (LBP) in fishing activities. This paper aims to measure the LBS during the gillnet and commercial crab fishing activities as well as to verify the correlation between the low back pain occurrences and those stresses reported in study of Agenebode commercial fishermen during the period (April 2017 – July 2017). A sample of 30 commercial fishermen considered in this study were exposed to LBS and the frequency of the fishing activities was assessed using questionnaire with crab pot and gillnet fishermen. The occurrence rate ratios (RR, 95% CI) of low back pain, which interrupted fishing, exposed to the high LBS and self-reported task was modelled on the basis of the multivariate generalised Poisson regression. It was observed that increased rates of low back pain correlates with the percent of time fishermen were exposed to discomforted postures. Handling of heavy loads during the loading and unloading activities generated lifting indices and high compression values, but with little overall work time (<15%). The results establish that neither ergonomic measure nor fishing task frequency alone can accurately predict LBP. Conversely, ageing, history of the LBP and self-selection out of tasks, perhaps, are significant factors that contributes to the LBS and outcomes observe
Empirical Modelling and Investigation of Solar Panel Tilt Angle Analysis
Get PDFThis paper presents the empirical modelling and investigation of solar panel tilt angle analysis. The aim is to determine the best suitable tilt angle for harvesting the optimal voltage from the solar panel system. Mono-crystalline solar panel with 220W was used to determine the output voltage from the solar panel, along with range of angles measured in degree (from 180 to 90) with responding time in hours (from 11:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.) towards the East and West hemispherical directions at Ekpoma. The experiment was carried out for duration of one year at Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (latitude 6.750N and longitude 6.070E).The highest output voltage from solar panel was obtained at 1.00 p.m. for the study location while the total output voltage (2745.32V) obtained from west hemisphere direction was higher than the voltage (2709.06V) obtained from the East hemispherical direction. The best tilt angle suitable for optimal voltage harvest is 10degree. Based on the empirical model deduced, it was observed that the output daily voltage at constant angle exhibits a polynomial distribution pattern with the least error value of 0.269
Performance Evaluation of Medium-Term Load Forecasting Approaches: A Case Study of Ogun State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe place of electrical energy in enhancement of this computer age cannot be over-emphasised. Its forecast plays a significant functions in energy industry, helps the government and private sectors in making the precise decision regarding energy management practices. This paper presents performance evaluation of medium-term load forecasting techniques: a case study of Ogun State, Nigeria. Two different approaches were used using the previous load consumption in 2017 for the forecast. Least square approach compared with regression exponential approaches gave the least value of Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), which are 1.8212% and 0.004472 respectively. The anticipated percentage load growth for the months of July-December, 2018 forecasted with least square approach were 34.06%, 33.54%, 36.10%, 31.10%, 32.23% and 30.15% respectively, acute gas supply caused by pipeline vandalisation and theft of distribution/sub-station materials could be held responsible for low load growth in the month of December. The results of this analysis will assist the Regional Headquarters, Ibadan Electricity Distribution Company (IBEDC), Abeokuta, Ogun State in making effective planning, operation and management of energy across the state