International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences (IJRAPS)
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Standardization of Herbal Drugs: Vacha (Acorus Calamus Linn.) and Dvipantara Vacha/Chopchini/China Root (Smilax China Linn.) with their In-Vitro Antimicrobial Potential
Full text linkAyurveda is a part of the "science of life," which is the study of traditional medicinal plants that are used and found worldwide to treat and prevent various illnesses. There is increasing awareness and general acceptability of the use of herbal drugs in today’s modern practice. Around 80% of the world\u27s population relies on herbal treatments and products for health, despite their unconventional uses. This growth in the usage; abuse and adulteration of herbal products has also resulted in consumers and manufacturers being disappointed, and in extreme cases, the repercussions are lethal. Standardization of herbal medicines is the process to ensure the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants. Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.) and Dvipantara vacha/ Chopchini/ China root (Smilax china Linn.) are among the four varieties of Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Both drugs are used in disorders like epilepsy. Plants contain a huge diversity of chemical compounds known as secondary metabolites. This study investigates the phytochemicals and in-vitro antimicrobial potential of Vacha and Dvipantara vacha; particularly focusing on their antibacterial and antifungal activities against specified bacteria and fungi namely Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans
Customizing AI with Nidan Panchak: A Thematic Review
Full text linkRog Nidan evum Vikriti Vigyan (Ayurvedic Diagnostics) is about diagnosing diseases using ancient methods. It focuses on understanding how diseases develop and the factors that cause them. "Nidana" refers to the causes of diseases, and "Vikriti" refers to the abnormal conditions of Dosha, Dushya, and Mala. Understanding these helps in diagnosing diseases. Diagnosing disease has been impacted by contemporary knowledge year after year.
Today, technology, especially Artificial Intelligence (AI), is changing how we diagnose and understand diseases. AI improves how we collect and do the analysis of patient’s data, detect diseases in the early stage, and monitor patients. Researchers are looking into how AI can enhance the diagnostic process in a meaningful manner and create better treatment plans using techniques like Machine Learning and Deep Learning while mixing it with Ayurveda. This paper discusses the different stages of Ayurvedic diagnostics where AI can be helpful and explores current research in this field
Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of Godhuma Yusha Against Experimentally Induced Ulcers in Rats
Full text linkPresent study was an animal experimental study involving albino rats on whom peptic ulcer was induced and treated the same with the Godhuma Yusha or the wheat decoction to evaluate its role on the anti-ulcer activity. The plant material used for the study such as wheat grains were collected from the local farmers, shade dried and made into granules or powdered coarsely. Aqueous extract or the Godhuma Yusa was prepared by decoction method by adding the coarse powder of 100ml of drinking water and was boiled for 15 minutes. After cooling the supernatant was used to study the anti-ulcer activity. Healthy albino rats of wistar strain of either sex about 180–200mg used for the study were purchased and were caged individually and kept in air-conditioned room. Throughout the study, animals were maintained at normal laboratory conditions, at standard rat pellet diet, drinking water and libitum. Animals were being divided into four groups, consisting of six animals each. Control group (group – I) received 1% CMC (5ml/kg), positive control group (group– II) received 1% CMC (5ml/kg), test drug– 1 (group– III) received herbal suspension (5ml/kg), Test drug – 2 (group – IV) received herbal suspension in 1% CMC (5ml/kg). Total ulcer score, mean ulcer score, ulcer index, ulcer incidence were assessed before and after the intervention. The results were analysed statistically using student’s ‘t’ test and Mann whitney test. The present study showed that the test drug (Godhuma Yusha or the wheat decoction) has significant anti-ulcer activity as evidenced by bio-chemical parameters
Evaluation of Male Reproductive Component in Ayurveda with its Applied Aspect
Full text linkThe reproductive system of the male includes penis, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and accessory glandular structures like seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbo-urethral gland, and scrotum. In Ayurveda above components are highlighted with the following words Vrishana, Muska, Sukra vaha srotas, Sukra dhara kala, etc. Even for a single structure various terminologies are mentioned in classics. For example concerning penis, Medhra, Mehana, Upastha, Sepha, Dhwaja, Pausendriya and Linga are mentioned. All the structures are studied according to their contexts and interpreted accordingly with the most relevant components of the male reproductive system. They are differentiated from one another to establish the morphophysiological aspects. Morphological description measuring 10 Angula found for Medhra and 6 Angula for Sepha which represent length of the urethra and penis respectively. “Vrishanayo ando” here it is oval in shape specifically highlighting the shape of testis. Virya vahi sira can be understood with the histological aspects such as seminiferous tubules, reti testis and epididymis. Sukradhara kala is the epithelial lining of entire structures. Vas deferens can be understood with Muska Srota, Phala srota, Sukra vahini, Sukra vaha and Sukra vaha srotas. Seminal vesicle which contains 65-70% of seminal fluid can be taken as Sukrasaya.
The present work emphasizing male reproductive components in Ayurveda with different structures are evaluated in different context some time highlighting the morphological, functional, histological, and applied aspects
EFFECT OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS FROM FICUS RETUSA L. STEM BARK ON WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL
Full text linkA wound is defined as a disruption in the physiological continuity and structural integrity of a living tissue. It can be caused by physical, chemical, thermal, microbiological, or immunological damage to the tissue. Plants have enormous potential for wound surveillance and care. In many nations, ancient and traditional medicine employs a wide range of herbs to heal wounds. These common agents promote healing and regeneration of the damaged tissue in a variety of ways. The acetone and ethanolic extracts of Ficus retusa stem bark have been taken to evaluate the wound healing potential in excision and incision wound models. The parameters studied include the rate of wound contraction, period of complete epithelialization of the excision model, and tensile strength of the incision wound. A one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the results obtained from the present study and p<0.05 was considered significant. Both acetone and ethanolic extracts of F. retusa were found to possess significant wound-healing activity, which was evidenced by a decrease in the period of epithelialization, an increase in the rate of wound contraction, and skin-breaking strength. The present study has demonstrated that the acetone and ethanolic extracts of F. retusa have properties that render them capable of promoting accelerated wound-healing activity compared with standard drug and normal control
A Clinical Study of Kanchanara Patra Phanta in Management of Hypothyroidism
Full text linkHypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder. Primary Hypothyroidism is up to 8–9 times more common in women than in men, and the prevalence increases with age, with a peak incidence between the ages of 30 and 50 years. According to Ayurveda, this disease is termed as Galaganda. Acharya Sushrutha opines that a swelling in the neck, big or small hanging-like scrotum is defined as Galaganda; this disease, is characterized by vitiation of Agni along with Kapha and Vata dosha. Various Shodhana and Shamana chikitsa have been mentioned for Galaganda. Kanchanara (Bauhinia purpurea Linn) is one such drug mentioned for the treatment of Galaganda by Acharya Bhavaprakasha. As there is an ambiguity about effective and successful treatment for Hypothyroidism due to its varying signs and symptoms, it necessitates finding an effective formulation for treating Galaganda (Hypothyroidism). Aim: To assess the efficacy of Kanchanara patra phanta in Hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: This study was a randomized, open labeled, non-controlled, interventional clinical trial with before and after evaluation of data in a single group. A single group of 30 study samples was recruited based on the assessment criteria and study was conducted for a total of 30 days period; Assessment of the condition was done with regular follow-ups of day 1, 15 and 30. Conclusion: 30 days (twice daily) of internal administration of Kanchanara patra phanta showed highly significant efficacy in pacifying the symptoms and reducing the levels of TSH
A critical Review of Aalochak Pitta with Special Reference to Padabhyanga
Full text linkDoshas are Sort to be specific Vata, Pitta and Kapha. Sushruta called it as Tristhuna (like house depends on points of support (Sthuna)) Similar way body depends on this Tristhuna. Pitta addresses energy intensity or fire in body and also performs activities like fire in body. Pitta has Agni Mahabhuta and Pitta in body which is situated in the structure of Agni is liable for assimilation and digestion of ingested food. Aalochak Pitta helps in great vision and it implies the Pitta which is answerable to the vision. Drishti or vision is seat of Aalochak Pitta. Drishti implies vision which empowers us to see things around us. There are two types of Aalochak Pitta they are Chakshu Vaisheshik Aalochak Pitta and Budhhi Vaisheshik Aalochak Pitta. Padabhyanga is the name for massaging and applying oil to the feet. Padabhyanga (foot massage) is one of the parts of Dinacharya. According to Charak and Vagbhat Padabhyanga is Drishtiprasadak and According to Sushruta it is Chakshushya. Padabhyanga can be done with Ghrita and Taila. The reflexology point of eye are situated on under sides of second and third toes of foot this maintain the eye health. Padabhyanga might be nourishing or stimulation effect on eyes and improving function of eyes. Ashtang Hridaya identifies 4 major nerves in feet that connect to eyes. These nerves in maintaining good eyesight and relieve eyestrain when subjected to soothing therapies like Padabhyanga. Hence the therapy on Pada effects on Netra. Here is an attempt to study the effect of Padabhyanga on Aalochak Pitta
Role of Malavrodh in Gut Health: An Ayurvedic Perspective
Full text linkMalavrodh, an Ayurvedic term for the obstruction of bodily waste elimination, plays a crucial role in gut health. In Ayurveda, the proper elimination of waste products or ‘Malas’ is vital for maintaining homeostasis and overall well-being. Malavrodh particularly involving the digestive system, can lead to significant health issues, emphasizing the need for understanding its impact on gut health. Ayurveda identifies 3 primary wastes: feces (Purisha), urine (Mutra), sweat (Sweda). Proper excretion of these wastes is essential for the body\u27s balance. Malavrodh in the gastrointestinal tract primarily involves the obstruction of feces leading to conditions such as constipation and incomplete evacuation. Factors contributing to Malavrodh include dietary imbalances, lack of physical activity, stress, and disturbances in the Doshas (Vata, Pitta and Kapha). Malavrodh has a direct and profound impact on gut health. Chronic constipation and incomplete bowel movements can result in the accumulation of toxins (Ama) in the digestive tract. Symptoms of gut-related Malavrodh include infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, straining during defecation, and a sense of incomplete evacuation. These symptoms not only cause physical discomfort but also affect the individual\u27s quality of life and overall health. In Ayurveda, diagnosing Malavrodh involves evaluating the patient\u27s dietary habits, lifestyle, stress levels Dosha imbalances. Treatment focuses on restoring proper bowel movements through dietary modifications, herbal remedies, lifestyle changes, and detoxification procedures such as Panchakarma. Common Ayurvedic treatments include the use of Triphala, a combination of 3 fruits known for their laxative properties and lifestyle practices such as regular physical activity and stress management techniques. Malavrodh significantly affects gut health by disrupting normal waste elimination and leading to the accumulation of toxins in the digestive tract. Understanding and addressing Malavrodh through Ayurvedic principles can help restore gut health, improve digestion and prevent gastrointestinal disorders
Smart Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Chlorzoxazone and Paracetamol Form Tablets
Full text linkTwo simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods have been introduced for the simultaneous measurement of chlorzoxazone and paracetamol in a combined tablet form. The first method is a graphical spectrophotometric method utilizes the data taken at multiple wavelengths to generate linear plots, from which the concentration of analytes can be determined, the second method is dual wavelength spectrophotometric method which is based on selecting two wavelengths for each drug to ensure that the absorbance difference is zero for the other drug. In the graphical method the absorbance was measured at 240, 260, 280 and 300 nm, while in the dual wavelength method; 224.5 nm and 264 nm were chosen for chlorzoxazone determination since paracetamol shows equal absorbance at these wavelengths. Conversely, for paracetamol determination, wavelengths 234.5 nm and 273.5 nm were selected, with chlorzoxazone having zero absorbance difference at these wavelengths. Both drugs adhere to Beer-Lambert’s law within a concentration range of 4–20 µg/mL. The methods accuracy and precision were assessed following the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Recovery studies further validated the method\u27s accuracy. The precision of the method was demonstrated by low relative standard deviations (% RSD) less than 2%, indicating good repeatability and intermediate precision. Method accuracy was confirmed by the agreement between the determined and actual contents, also with % RSD less than 2%. The two methods enable direct analysis of chlorzoxazone and paracetamol in commercially available tablet formulations without the need for prior separation
Exploring the Efficacy of Nasya Therapy in the Management of Nidranash (Insomnia): An Ayurvedic Perspective
Full text linkThis study explores the efficacy of Nasya therapy in the management of Nidranash (insomnia) from an Ayurvedic perspective. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, significantly impacts the quality of life and overall health. Conventional treatments often involve pharmacological interventions that can lead to dependency and adverse effects. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, offers alternative approaches, with Nasya therapy being one of the prominent treatments for Nidranash. Nasya involves the administration of herbal oils or medicinal substances through the nasal passages, targeting the central nervous system and promoting relaxation and sleep. This paper reviews the principles of Nasya therapy, the herbal formulations used, and the underlying mechanisms contributing to its effectiveness. Clinical evidence and case studies are examined to assess the outcomes and benefits of Nasya in treating insomnia. The findings suggest that Nasya therapy, with its holistic approach and minimal side effects, presents a viable and effective treatment for insomnia, aligning with the Ayurvedic philosophy of restoring balance and harmony within the body. Further research and clinical trials are recommended to substantiate these findings and integrate Nasya therapy into mainstream insomnia management protocols