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Characterization of a novel SERPINA1 variant carrying two missense mutations: molecular mechanisms and functional impact
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Posidonia versus shells, marine radiocarbon reservoir corrections for the Mediterranean sea. Geoarchaeological implications.
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Predicting algorithm for GRFS after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A study by the SFGM-TC
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Context : Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) is used in majority of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes to obtain complete remission. Graft-versus-Host disease (GVHD) and relapse are is the most important complications after alloHCT. Numerous prognostic scores are used pre-transplant to guide therapeutic strategies, but none has been sufficient to predict graft-versus-host disease/relapse-free survival (GRFS). In this study, we studied clinical, biological and therapeutic factors associated with GRFS and attempted to build a predictive score. Material & Methods : Patients over 18 years of age who received a first hematopoietic stem cell transplant between 01/01/2015 and 31/12/2022 at the University Hospitals of Saint-Etienne, Lyon, Grenoble-Alpes and Clermont-Ferrand for acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome were included. Data was extracted from the allogeneic EBMT registry and patient medical records. Several parameters about clinical and biological characteristics of patient, disease, conditioning regimen and type of donor were studied. Statistics were performed with Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis. Regression models and supervised machine learning models were explored by the Henri Fayol Institute of the Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne in order to establish a predictive model. Results : Analysis included851 patients. The cohort consisted of 59% men, with a median age of 58 years. More than 70% of the patients received alloHCT for acute myeloid leukemia. The median follow-up was 938 days, and median overall survival was not reached. Median GRFS was 210 days. At the end of follow-up, GRFS was estimated at 30%. Log-rank tests found 15 significant variables. Concerning pre-transplantation characteristics, Performance Status ≥ 2, neutropenia, lymphopenia, low creatinine level, elevated lactate dehydrogenase or c-reactive protein, and pre-transplant hypoalbuminemia were associated with lower survival. Therapy-related disease or secondary to a predisposing hematologic disorder was also predictive of GRFS, as well as adverse 2022 European LeukemiaNet risk group. Patients with refractory disease or positive residual disease before transplantation had poorer survival. A mismatch unrelated donor or a graft CD3+ cell count greater than 10^7/kg were associated with reduced GRFS. Finally, alloHCT performed more than 12 months after diagnosis was linked to improved GRFS. We used these variables to develop predictive models for GRFS using linear regression and machine learning algorithms (Alternating Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Association Rules). The highest predictive performance power was achieved by association rules. Non-redundant rules, with a lift greater than 1, a minimal confidence of 0.8 and a minimal support of 0.011 (9 patients) were kept to predict GRFS at 6 months, 9 months, 1 year, 18 months and 2 years. More than 800,000 rules were generated. Accuracy was respectively 0.95, 0.96, 0.90, 0.80, and 0.73 for each timepoint. An online tool is under development to simplify the calculation of the score and will be presented at the meeting.Conclusion : Our findings are consistent with existing literature on GRFS and overall survival following alloHCT. We identified significant clinical, biological and therapeutic parameters for development of a predictive algorithm for GRFS using association rules algorithm
Étudier des scientifiques anonymes ? Une sociologie des engagements dans l’ombre de la science
No full textInternational audienceHow can we study scientists who conceal their identity? This article discusses a group of studies on anonymous commitments in the name of science. Some resist editorial rules, denounce intellectual or scientific deviance and sometimes generate public controversy because of their anonymity. The aim is to identify a set of marginal authorship phenomenon in the scientific field, whose consecration mechanisms are historically centred on the name. Based on the content of these controversies and the sociological data available on their protagonists, these commitments often prove to be under constraint, but a constraint with variable geometry, since the concealment and revelation of identity evolve depending on the career. Finally, nominative choices are also endowed with infrapolitical meanings.Comment étudier des scientifiques qui dissimulent leur identité ? Cet article discute un ensemble de travaux qui portent sur des engagements anonymes au nom de la science. Certain·es résistent aux règles éditoriales, dénoncent des déviances intellectuelles et scientifiques et suscitent parfois des controverses publiques en raison de l’usage de l’anonymat. L’objectif est d’identifier un ensemble de phénomènes d’autorat aux marges du champ scientifique, dont les mécanismes de consécration sont historiquement centrés sur le nom. À la lumière du contenu de ces controverses et des données sociologiques accessibles sur leurs protagonistes, ces engagements s’avèrent généralement sous contrainte, mais une contrainte à géométrie variable, puisque la dissimulation et la révélation de l’identité évoluent en fonction de la carrière. Enfin, les choix nominatifs sont également dotés de sens infrapolitiques
Are Maximal Power and Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Older and Very Old Adults Dependent on their Level of Physical Activity?
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Age-related declines in maximal power (Pmax) and maximal aerobic power (VO2max) impact functional capacities. Physical activity (PA) can mitigate their decline. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of age and habitual PA level on Pmax and VO2max. Thirty-nine young men (YM, 22.1 ± 3.4 years), 34 old men (OM, 71.7 ± 4.1 years), and 23 very old men (VOM, 85.8 ± 2.7 years) performed an incremental test to determine VO2max and a force–velocity profile to assess Pmax, maximal force (F0) and maximal velocity (V0). The threshold of 10 000 steps per day (SPD) was used to dichotomize participants into high-PA and low-PA groups. Compared with YM, Pmax decreased by 40% and 64% in OM and VOM, respectively, whereas VO2max decreased by 29% and 51% (all p < .001). Compared with YM, F0 declined by 29% and 52% in OM and VOM, respectively, whereas V0 decreased by 17% and 28% (all p < .01). VO2max, but not Pmax, was greater in high-PA versus low-PA. In VOM, SPD was related to VO2max (r = 0.79; p < .001) and F0 (r = 0.51; p < .05), and VO2max was positively correlated with F0 (r = 0.72; p < .01). The decline in Pmax, mainly mediated by the loss of force, was greater than the decrease in VO2max. Whereas PA was associated with higher level of VO2max, it does not appear to have an effect on Pmax. The relationships between SPD, VO2max and F0 suggest that above 80 years, a greater strength allows to achieve a greater amount of SPD, ultimately improving VO2max
EduSim: A Multi-agent Model for Simulating the Impacts of Urban and Demographic Growth on School Infrastructures Demand and Offer in the City of Ouagadougou
No full textInternational audienceThe education system in African cities and particularly in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso is characterized by unequal distribution. This results in long distances for students to travel to their schools. This is observed as a mismatch between educational supply and demand. This phenomenon is even more pronounced with the continued increase in population and other uses of urban space in African cities. The paper examines the impact of urbanization and demographics on school infrastructure demand and supply, predicting future developments. It compares complex systems and proposes a generic model called the Education Simulation Model (EduSim) to simulate urban and demographic trends. Modeling by allowing the abstraction and integration of different types of data collected from different sources and its ability to predict the behavior of the actors in the complex system is relevant to analyze the impact of demography on the development of school infrastructure. For this study, we first showed to what extent the education system is a complex system. To do this, we compared the characteristics of complex systems and the education system. Then, we presented the different approaches to modeling the education system. Of these approaches, the most relevant and suitable for our study is agent-based modeling. It allows the study of the behavior of actors in order to analyze the results of their actions on the educational, urban and demographic systems as well as their interactions. The model assesses student enrollment and tracks school inequalities. Results show that urban growth, population growth, and distance constraints affect school infrastructure demand and enrollment. The model proposes new schools based on population needs and criteria. The resulting model from the analysis is a decision-making tool in predicting urban and demographic growth and also in planning school provision in African cities. In perspective, the model expects to couple information models as well as migration models and propose more research criteria for decision-makers
The dilemmas between environmental sociology and general sociology.: A critical review of 4 textbooks
No full textInternational audienceAlongside the inclusion of environmental sociology in the economics and social sciences teaching certification program, four textbooks have been published over the past two years. While the aim of these textbooks is to make room for environmental sociology within general sociology, it is legitimate to question the form and expectations of what may appear to be an attempt at smoothing over differences. Drawing on thirty years of experience in the field, this text instead asks how environmental sociology can position itself in relation to this sociological trivialization. It examines the strategies revealed by the choice of texts cited, the presentation of results, and the explanatory factors, and proposes a matrix of variation in the explanations of the relationship between environment and society.Concomitamment à l’inscription de la sociologie de l’environnement au programme de l’agrégation de sciences économiques et sociales, quatre manuels ont été publiés ces deux dernières années. Si l’enjeu de ces manuels est de faire une place à la sociologie de l’environnement dans la sociologie générale, il est légitime de s’interroger sur la forme et les attendus de ce qui peut apparaître comme une tentative de lissage. S’appuyant sur trente ans d’expérience dans le domaine, ce texte se demande plutôt comment la sociologie de l’environnement peut se positionner par rapport à cette banalisation sociologique. Il examine les stratégies rendues manifestes par les choix de textes cités, les plans de présentation des résultats ou les facteurs explicatifs et propose une matrice de variation des registres d’explication des rapports entre environnement et société
Les encadrements de la paternité
No full textLe troisième numéro de 2025 de la Revue française des affaires sociales est dédié aux encadrements de la paternité, c'est-à-dire à la manière dont l'investissement paternel dans les tâches parentales est influencé par des professionnels, des organisations ou des dispositifs institutionnels
Noradrenergic modulation of pheromone-induced odor learning and brain activation in newborn rabbits
No full textInternational audienceLearning maternal odors is crucial for mammalian newborns, who must locate the mother's nipples to survive. In the newborn rabbit, the mammary pheromone (MP) present in the milk not only allows the pups to locate the nipples, but also promotes associative memory of neutral odorants. The noradrenergic system modulates neonatal learning in humans and rodents, but its role in newborn rabbits has never been investigated. Intraperitoneal injection of propranolol, a β-adrenoceptors antagonist, blocked acquisition, but not memory consolidation or retrieval, of MP-induced odor memory. Moreover, gene expression analyses revealed that propranolol attenuated c-Fos neuronal activation induced by odor learning in the olfactory bulb and to a lesser extent in the anterior piriform cortex, but not in the hippocampus, of rabbit pups. Interestingly, propranolol had no effect on c-Fos activation induced by MP alone indicating a specific effect of propranolol on neuronal activation induced by associative learning. These effects were not associated with a change in β-adrenoceptors expression in these brain areas. This highlights the crucial role of noradrenergic system in neonatal odor learning in mammals and suggest that the MP promotes odor learning by activating βadrenoceptors in olfactory brain areas in rabbit pups. This pheromone-induced memory provides a great opportunity to explore the neurobiology of neonatal learning