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The acceptability of sufficiency practices in food consumption among consumers
No full textInternational audienc
L’anhédonie : de la clinique aux biomarqueurs
No full textInternational audienceAnhedonia, a complex symptom, is characterized by a decrease in experience of pleasure, reduced motivation, and/or impaired reward learning. Although these aspects are often linked to dopaminergic pathways, recent research shows that immuno-inflammatory alterations present in psychiatric disorders may also play a role, affecting dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and opioid pathways, as well as cellular immune responses (such as the mTOR pathway). These perturbations, through inflammation in the central nervous system, affect reward and motor circuits, contributing to the anhedonia and the psychomotor slowing that are often-associated. Animal models show that chronic inflammation can reduce motivation, providing a preclinical model for anhedonia. This dysfunction is not specific to a single pathology but is common to a variety ofpsychiatric disorders, including psychotic, mood, and neurodevelopmental disorders. These common dimensions of anhedonia across different pathologies open up perspects for targeted treatments, including dopaminergic treatments, glutamatergic treatments (such as ketamine), anti-inflammatory therapies, and the development of new molecules.L'anhédonie, symptôme complexe, se caractérise par une diminution de l'expérience de plaisir, une baisse de motivation, et/ou une altération de l'apprentissage de la récompense. Bien que ces aspects soient souvent liés aux voies dopaminergiques, des recherches récentes montrent que des altérations immuno-inflammatoires peuvent également jouer un rôle en affectant les voies dopaminergiques, glutamatergiques, opioïdes, et les réponses immunitaires cellulaires (comme la voie mTOR). Ces modifications influencent les circuits de récompense et les circuits moteurs, contribuant à l'anhédonie et au ralentissement psychomoteur souvent associé. Ces dimensions communes de l'anhédonie dans différentes maladies ouvrent des perspectives pour des traitements ciblés, incluant des traitements dopaminergiques, glutamatergiques (comme la kétamine), et des anti-inflammatoires, ainsi que le développement de nouvelles molécules
Effect of coping interventions on performance of medical students during objective structured clinical examination: A randomized controlled trial
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a stressful exam assessing medical competencies. Stress coping strategies are expected to enhance students' performance during OSCE. The objective was to determine the effect of short preventive coping interventions on performance of medical students. Materials and methods: Double-blinded, randomized controlled trial with multiple arms and a superiority hypothesis. Enrolment was proposed to each fourth-year undergraduate medical student convened to the Lyon Est University OSCE in 2022. There was no exclusion criterion. Students were randomized to one of four groups: standardized breathing with cardiac biofeedback (BFB), mindfulness-based intervention (MBI), positive psychology intervention (PPI), or control (CTRL). Each intervention was video-guided, lasted six minutes, and occurred just before starting the OSCE. The primary outcome was the academic OSCE score, assessed through specific grids by university examiners blinded to the interventions. Secondary outcomes included specific performance scores, and student perception of the influence of the intervention on their performance. Results: A total of 482 students were included. No difference was found between BFB (-0.17 [95%CI, -1.20 to 0.86], p ¼ .749), MBI (0.32 [95%CI, -0.71 to 1.36], p ¼ .540), or PPI groups (-0.25 [95%CI, -1.29 to 0.79], p ¼ .637) on the academic OSCE score compared to the control group, nor regarding the specific performance scores. Compared to the control group, the students perceived that the intervention influenced more positively their performance (BFB þ3 [95%CI, 0-8]), p < .001; MBI þ4 [95%CI, 1-9], p ¼ .040; PPI þ1 [95%CI, 0-4], p ¼ .040]). Conclusions: A single six-minute cardiac biofeedback, mindfulness, or positive psychology intervention performed by fourth-year medical students just before an OSCE did not improve their following academic performance. Still, students reported that the interventions helped them to enhance their performance. Future research should aim to further explore the perception of intervention on performance and potential long-term effects for students. Trial Registration: The study protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05393219.</div
Territoires délaissés : table ronde [avec Y. Amsellem-Mainguy, B. Coquard, E. Guéraut, V. Sala Pala et F. Vincent ; propos recueillis par V. Béal, R. Epstein, T. Kirszbaum et S. Zappi]
No full textTable ronde avec Yaëlle Amsellem-Mainguy, Benoît Coquard, Elie Guéraut, Valérie Sala Pala et Fanny Vincent Propos recueillis par Vincent Béal, Renaud Epstein, Thomas Kirszbaum et Sylvia ZappiTable ronde avec Yaëlle Amsellem-Mainguy, Benoît Coquard, Elie Guéraut, Valérie Sala Pala et Fanny Vincent / propos recueillis par Vincent Béal, Renaud Epstein, Thomas Kirszbaum et Sylvia Zappi , Mouvements, 13/01/2025International audiencehttps://mouvements.info/table-ronde-territoires-delaisses/ Pour accompagner la publication du dossier « Politiques des territoires délaissées », Mouvements a organisé une table ronde avec cinq chercheurs et chercheuses qui ont investi différents types de territoires délaissés au fil de leurs parcours personnels et de leurs travaux scientifiques. Yaëlle Amsellem-Mainguy, Benoît Coquard, Elie Guéraut, Valérie Sala Pala et Fanny Vincent débattent de cette notion de « territoires délaissés » et des enjeux qu’elle recouvre
Reactive Atomistic Insights into Oxidation Dynamics and Wettability of Ultrafast Laser-Treated Titanium Surfaces
No full textInternational audienceUltrafast laser surface treatment offers remarkable advantages over other surface treatment. However, several experimental studies have provided insights into the resulting morphological and chemical changes but the mechanisms governing these transformations and their impact on wettability at nanoscale remain poorly understood. Herein, we employed Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the early stage oxidation dynamics and wettability evolution of laser-treated titanium (Ti) surfaces. The effects of laser-induced oxidation on surface chemistry and wettability were analyzed through reactive MD simulations. These results reveal that laser treatment significantly modifies the surface chemistry by influencing the oxidation kinetics, surface roughness, defect formation and wettability
Impact of High Body Mass Index on Functionally Aligned Image-Based Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty: Comparable Functional Outcomes but Higher Mechanical Failures
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Dissociation of value and confidence signals in the orbitofrontal cortex during decision-making: an intracerebral electrophysiology study in humans
No full textInternational audienceSome decisions, such as selecting a food item in a novel menu, are not based on rational norms, or on trained habits, but on subjective preferences. How the human brain makes these preference-based decisions is still debated in cognitive neuroscience. Classical models focus on the comparison mechanism that achieves the selection of the option with best expected value. Recent models suggest that estimates of option values are refined until reaching sufficient confidence in the considered choice. Neuroimaging studies in humans and electrophysiology studies in animals have gathered evidence that value and confidence estimates are both represented in medial and lateral regions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Here, we took advantage of electrodes implanted within the OFC of human patients with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy (14 women, 12 men) to investigate whether value and confidence estimates can be dissociated in electrophysiology activity recorded during preference-based binary decisions. The overall value (liking ratings summed over options) and choice confidence (selection probability of the chosen option) were identified in low-frequency (4-8 Hz) OFC activity. These value and confidence signals were time-locked to the decision, showed opposite signs of correlation and were recorded in separate sites. This pattern of results is not consistent with the simulations of an attractor neural network model implementing a comparison of option values. However, it is compatible with the notion of a neural network generating sparse representations of option values and choice confidence estimates, based on which decisions can be made. Significance statement The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is known to play a critical role in decisions based on subjective preferences, such as choosing between food items in a menu. However, the information provided by the human OFC has remained elusive, due to limitations of neuroimaging techniques. Here, taking advantage of electrodes implanted in patients for clinical purposes, we present a rare dataset of electrophysiological activity recorded during preference-based decisions. Our analyses suggest that the OFC signals two distinct constructs on which decisions could be based: the subjective values of available options and the confidence in the intended choice
Transitions synchroniques et diachroniques des personnages du manga Dragon Ball. Une lecture de la série d’Akira Toriyama comme œuvre de formation
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Beyond the coronal plane in robotic total knee arthroplasty—Part 2: Combined flexion does not affect outcomes
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Purpose Personalized alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is becoming increasingly widespread, driven in part by advancements in robotic‐assisted surgery. However, true personalization must extend beyond the coronal plane to include sagittal and axial planes. This study investigates the impact of combined flexion (CF) of the femoral and tibial components in robotic‐assisted TKA within functional alignment (FA), also analyzing its variation (ΔCF) from native anatomy and its correlation with functional outcomes and complications. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 310 patients who underwent primary TKA using an image‐based robotic system between March 2021 and January 2023. CF was calculated based on tibial slope (TS) and distal femoral flexion (DFF). Patients were stratified into groups based on CF (≤7.5° vs. >7.5°) and CF variation (ΔCF < −3, −3 to 3 and >3). Clinical scores, radiographic parameters and complication rates were analyzed. Results Patients with CF ≤ 7.5° had lower preoperative maximum flexion values ( p = 0.005). No significant differences in complication rates or clinical outcomes were observed between groups. ΔCF were associated with post‐operative coronal alignment changes (mechanical hip–knee–ankle angle and medial proximal tibial angle) but did not impact patient‐reported outcomes. Additionally, subgroup analysis revealed that ΔCF were not linked to differences in implant survival, revision rates or mechanical failure. Conclusions Although CF influences knee biomechanics, its direct impact on clinical outcomes remains unclear. It is evident that a personalized approach to sagittal alignment can be an integral component of functional knee positioning. Level of Evidence Level III
Irradiation origin and stability of CO on trans-Neptunian objects: Laboratory constraints and observational evidence from JWST/DiSCo-TNOs
No full textInternational audienceContext. The James Webb Space Telescope large program DiSCo-TNOs has recently shown that CO2 ice is ubiquitous on 54 mediumsize trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). TNO surfaces are found to define three main spectral and thus compositional groups that are likely linked to their position before planetary migration. CO ice is observed on the spectral type that is richest in CO2 and on the type that is richer in CH3OH and organics. Considerations on the thermal evolution of TNOs predicted the depletion of hypervolatiles such as CO from their surface layers, however.Aims. We investigate a potential irradiation origin of CO as well as its stability by studying the distribution of CO in two TNO compositional types and compared it with irradiation experiments.Methods. We studied the 4.68 µm band of CO and the 2.70 µm band of CO2 to probe the relation between the two molecules in 33 TNOs. We performed ion irradiation experiments on CO2 and CH3OH ices at 45 and 60 K with 30 keV H+ . We compared the laboratory spectra to TNO observations by focusing on the band areas and positions.Results. We find that the two types of surfaces in which CO is detected are very distinct in terms of their relative abundances and chemical environment. CO that is observed on surfaces that are rich in CO2 are consistent with being produced by CO2 irradiation, specifically, at 45 K. On objects that are rich in CH3OH and complex organics, CO is more likely formed by irradiation of CH3OH. As the CO band areas are only partly related with temperature, the chemical environment plays a major role in the CO retention.Conclusions. We find that the CO that is observed on TNO surfaces is compatible with being a secondary molecule that is entirely formed by late irradiation processes. Its abundance and stability is mostly controlled by the matrix from which it formed