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Script pour l'analyse du questionnaire lié à l'enquête sur les projets en Humanités numériques sur le site Lyon Saint-Étienne
No full textCe script permet d'avoir l'ensemble des traitements et analyses statistiques nécessaires à la réalisation de l'enquête sur les projets en Humanités numériques sur le site Lyon Saint-Étienne
Les think tanks conservateurs à l’épreuve du moment Trump
No full text"Depuis des décennies, les think tanks jouent un rôle majeur dans l’élaboration des orientations idéologiques des deux principaux partis aux États-Unis. Une bonne partie de ces centres de réflexion sont résolument conservateurs. S’ils ont eu un certain impact lors du premier mandat de Trump, cet écosystème a connu une nette recomposition durant celui de Biden quand sont apparues de nouvelles structures, cette fois totalement trumpistes dès le départ. Think tanks installés depuis longtemps et nouveaux venus se livrent une lutte d’influence acharnée, parfois jusqu’au sein de la Maison Blanche."Voir aussi : https://theconversation.com/les-think-tanks-conservateurs-a-lepreuve-du-moment-trump-25694
La liste des corrections pour la deuxième édition : un jalon essentiel dans la genèse post-éditoriale de Madame Bovary
No full textInternational audienc
Step Count Accuracy of the Life Plus Connected Watch at Different Localizations and Speeds in Healthy Adults, Patients With Cardiovascular Disease, and Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: Step Count Validation Study in Laboratory Settings
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Smartwatches are increasingly used to monitor and motivate physical activity. Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) often do not meet national physical activity recommendations. They may, thus, benefit from a physical activity program using smartwatches. The Life Plus smartwatch is designed to facilitate activity monitoring by counting steps, but its validity needs to be determined, particularly in patients who may not have a normal gait, such as those with cardiovascular pathology. Objective This study evaluates the accuracy of the Life Plus smartwatch (versions 2 and 3) in healthy adults, patients with CVD, and patients with PAD at different walking speeds (1.8, 2.5, 3.2, and 4 km/h) and different localizations (wrists, hips, and ankles) to determine best accuracy. Methods In total, 34 participants, comprising healthy individuals (n=10), patients with CVD (n=14), and patients with PAD (n=10), wore 6 Life Plus watches simultaneously (3 of version 2 and 3 of version 3), located on wrists, hips, and ankles. Participants walked on a treadmill for 3-minute sessions at speeds of 1.8, 2.5, 3.2, and 4 km/h; they then performed a 10-minute free walking on the ground and again walked for 3-minute sessions on a treadmill at the same speeds. Actual step counts were recorded through video footage. Results When worn at the wrist, no significant difference between the actual number of steps and step count by version 2 watches was found in each group independently (healthy group: P =.25; CVD group: P =.50; and PAD group: P =.37) . Significant differences were found with the version 2 watches at the wrist in the healthy group at 3.2 (−5.26%; P =.01) and 4 km/h (−6.13%; P =.008) and in the CVD group at 2.5 (−5.94%; P =.008), 3.2(−13.1%; P =.008), and 4 km/h (−13.96% ; P =.004). When worn at the wrist, no significant difference between actual number of steps and step count by version 3 watches was found in the healthy group ( P =.02) and the PAD group ( P =.90). Significant differences were found with the version 3 watches at the wrist in the CVD group at 3.2 (−6.43%; P =.001) and 4 km/h (−7.3%; P =.01) and in the PAD group at 4 km/h (−5.77%; P =.04). Conclusions For optimized counting when worn at the wrist, healthy individuals should prefer version 2 watches for slow walking (1.8 and 2.5 km/h) and version 3 for higher speeds (3.2 and 4 km/h). Patients (CVD and PAD) should prefer version 2 watches at 1.8 km/h and version 3 watches for higher speeds (2.5, 3.2, and 4 km/h)
Long arcuate fascicle in wild and captive chimpanzees as a potential structural precursor of the language network
No full textInternational audienceThe arcuate fascicle (AF) is the main fibre tract in the brain for human language. It connects frontal and temporal language areas in the superior and middle temporal gyrus (MTG). The AF's connection to the MTG was considered unique to humans and has influenced theories of the evolution of language. Here, using high-resolution diffusion MRI of post-mortem brains, we demonstrate that both wild and captive chimpanzees have a direct AF connection into the MTG, albeit weaker than in humans. This finding challenges the notion of a strictly human-specific AF morphology and suggests that language-related neural specialisation in humans likely evolved through gradual evolutionary strengthening of a pre-existing connection, rather than arising de novo. It is likely that this neural architecture supporting complex communication was already present in the last common ancestor of hominins and chimpanzees 7 million years ago, enabling the evolution of language processes in the human lineage
Video-based operational modal analysis of slender mechanical structures with neutral axis estimation via barycenter calculation
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents an innovative adaptation of Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) by employing the concept of the barycenter to analyze dynamic behaviors in mechanical systems through video signal processing. Although this method is framed as a new contribution to the field of modal analysis, it is essential to recognize that its applicability is primarily confined to slender structures. Unlike conventional OMA methods reliant on numerical simulations or accelerometer measurements, this technique presents a non-contact, non-invasive measurement approach. It simultaneously captures multiple points across a wide field of view, ensuring robust measurements. The methodology was tested on a cantilever beam exposed to white Gaussian noise, with the beam recorded at 2048 frames per second to capture its dynamic response. The high-contrast environment facilitated image processing, while Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) measurements served as a reference for validating the results. The proposed video-based OMA methodology demonstrated promising accuracy in capturing the system's dynamic behaviour by providing a more accessible and efficient alternative to traditional OMA techniques. Additionally, an analysis of the robustness of results concerning lighting conditions and video noise is conducted, along with a discussion on algorithmic complexity. Refinement of image processing algorithms and a broader application of this methodology to various mechanical systems and structures are proposed as important future objectives
PErsistence and safety of subcutaneous infliximab 1 year after switch from intravenous route in IBD patients in REMission
No full textInternational audienceBackground and aim: Real-life data regarding Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) evolution after switch from intravenous (IV-IFX) to subcutaneous infliximab (SC-IFX) is necessary. The aim of this prospective multicenter cohort study was to describe the persistence, effectiveness and tolerance of SC-IFX after switch from IV-IFX.Methods: IBD patients in steroid-free clinical remission for at least 6 months on IV-IFX, were enrolled in a prospective national French cohort when they switched to SC-IFX. Patients were assessed at inclusion and at weeks (W) 12, 24 and 48. Primary endpoint was the persistence of SC-IFX at W48. Secondary endpoints comprised steroid-free clinical remission at W48, IV-IFX switch-back rate, and evolution of infliximab levels during the study period.Results: Among the 426 patients included (72.4% with Crohn's disease (CD), 27.5% with ulcerative colitis (UC); 45.1% females; median age 37 [29-50] years; median disease duration of 12 years in CD, 13 years in UC), 56% were on IV-IFX standard dosing (5mg/kg 8-weekly) and 16% received combination therapy with an immunomodulator drug at baseline. At W48, SC-IFX persistence was 95.4% (95%CI, 93.3-97.5) and 86.9% of patients were on steroid-free clinical remission. Mean infliximab levels were 8.0μg/mL at inclusion and 18.0 μg/mL at W48 (p<0.0001). Among the 19 (4.5%) patients who stopped SC-IFX, 6 (1.4%) switched back to IV-IFX. There were 222 adverse events reported in 42.4% of patients, 12 led to treatment discontinuation, including six (1.4%) severe adverse events.Conclusion: In this large multicenter prospective cohort, persistence at one year of SC-IFX was more than 95% of IBD patients switched in remission from IV-IFX, confirming excellent effectiveness and tolerance of SC-IFX
Addressing medical students' health challenges: codesign and pilot testing of the Preventive Remediation for Optimal MEdical StudentS (PROMESS) program
No full textInternational audienceBackground Medical students often encounter challenges in maintaining healthy habits. The Preventive Remediation for Optimal MEdical StudentS (PROMESS) project seeks to support students to adopt healthier lifestyles throughout their curriculum by implementing a program focused on three modules (stress, sleep, and physical activity). Prior to implementation, it was essential to gain insights into students' needs. For this purpose, a comprehensive approach was adopted to ensure that the proposed program aligns with students' needs, to identify barriers and facilitators for implementation, to propose adjustments, and to test the program.Methods A three-step study was conducted. First, two focus groups sessions, one involving students and the other involving university staff members were conducted to identify medical students' needs and obstacles to change regarding their health. After verbatim transcription, a framework thematic analysis was performed with the use of MAXQDA. Second, a co-construction workshop was conducted with participants from both groups to develop the PROMESS program. Third, some of the medical students who participated in the prior steps tested the co-constructed program. The study was conducted at the Lyon-Est Faculty of Medicine (France, IRB2023070404). Results (i)The medical students cited a heavy academic workload and demanding internships as the main factors that contribute to their limited selfcare, heightened stress levels and sleep disruptions, and reduced physical activity. The university staff members noted that students struggled to acknowledge their needs, accept limitations, and seek assistance.(ii) The participants provided advice for adapting PROMESS program to the students' specific needs (e.g., individualized advice, one-on-one meetings, peer coaching, and signing a commitment contract).(iii) The students who tested the program reported being more aware of their health behaviors and reported improvement in stress levels, sleep, and physical activity. They believed that the changes could be long-lasting
Segmentation et modélisation du réseau vasculaire cérébral par apprentissage profond
No full textCardio-neurovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and represent a major public health challenge. Imaging of the cerebral vascular network has significantly improved the diagnosis of these pathologies, and automated image processing algorithms now play a key role in assisting physicians. These algorithms generally rely on the segmentation of the cerebral vascular network. For this reason, automating this task has garnered significant interest.Despite advances, current automatic segmentation methods still suffer from major limitations. They struggle to preserve the topology and connectivity of vascular networks, and traditional segmentation metrics are not well-suited to the geometric complexity of the cerebrovascular network. Additionally, manual annotation, necessary for training these models, remains a time-consuming and tedious task, hindering the creation of annotated datasets.In this thesis, we focus on cerebrovascular segmentation from TOF MRA images. First, we propose a multitask model based on a topological cost function to improve the connectivity of segmentations. Additionally, we introduce a new metric, called ccDice, to quantify topological errors. Finally, we study the impact of annotation scarcity and noise, and we formulate recommendations for clinicians to improve annotation quality, thereby fostering the development of more efficient learning models in the future.Les maladies cardio-neurovasculaires sont la première cause de mortalité dans le monde et représentent un enjeu majeur de santé publique. L'imagerie du réseau vasculaire cérébral a considérablement amélioré le diagnostic de ces pathologies, et les algorithmes de traitement d'images automatiques jouent désormais un rôle clé en assistant les médecins. Ces algorithmes reposent généralement sur la segmentation du réseau vasculaire cérébral. Pour cette raison, l'automatisation de cette tâche suscite aujourd'hui un intérêt majeur.Malgré des avancées, les méthodes actuelles de segmentation automatique présentent encore des limitations majeures. Elles peinent à préserver la topologie et notamment la connectivité des réseaux vasculaires, et les métriques de segmentation traditionnelles ne sont pas adaptées à la complexité géométrique du réseau cérébrovasculaire. De plus, l'annotation manuelle nécessaire pour entraîner ces modèles demeure une tâche chronophage et fastidieuse, freinant la création de jeux de données annotés.Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la segmentation cérébrovasculaire à partir d'images ARM TOF. Nous proposons en premier lieu un modèle multitâche basé sur une fonction de coût topologique permettant d'améliorer la connectivité des segmentations. Puis, nous proposons une nouvelle métrique, appelée ccDice, permettant de quantifier les erreurs topologiques. Enfin, nous étudions l'impact du manque et du bruit des annotations, et formulons des recommandations à destination des cliniciens pour améliorer la qualité des annotations, favorisant ainsi le développement de modèles d'apprentissage plus performants à l'avenir