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Le roi, la poétesse et “le plus petit des reptiles” : présence de la maladie dans les Poésies de Deshoulières
No full textInternational audienc
Un Edgar Poe anticapitaliste : La Chute de la maison Usher de Mike Flanagan
No full textInternational audienceÉcrit en 1839, La Chute de la maison Usher a connu de nombreuses adaptations cinématographiques et télévisées. La série réalisée par Mike Flanagan et diffusée sur Netflix depuis 2023, s’inspirant du scandale du Fentanyl, est un virulent réquisitoire contre un certain esprit du capitalisme, basé sur l’avidité de gains toujours plus exorbitants, la démesure d’un pouvoir sûr de son impunité et la déshumanisation de ceux et celles que les capitalistes perçoivent comme des inférieurs négligeables
A deciduous basilosaurid incisor with a split mesial carina from the upper Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica
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Hippocampus mediates conceptual generalization of pain modulation: ALTERED PAIN PROCESSING BY CONCEPTUAL GENERALIZATION
No full textPain is strongly influenced by expectations and learning from previous experience, such as in classical conditioning. Conditioned responses and expectations can generalize to perceptually and conceptually related cues, but how generalization influences pain experience and the neurobiological processing of pain remains unclear. We used fMRI and multilevel mediation analyses to address this question. Thirty-six human participants first learned to associate two visual cues from distinct conceptual categories (e.g., animals vs. vehicles) with high or low levels of heat pain. In a subsequent phase, they were presented novel cues (images, drawings, or words) not previously paired with pain, but which shared the conceptual category of the initial pain-predictive cues. Participants who developed explicit expectations during learning reported greater pain in response to stimuli conceptually related to high-vs. low-pain cues ('generalization stimuli'), demonstrating generalization of cue influences on pain. This effect was mediated by increased pain-related activity to generalization stimuli in the hippocampus, which correlated with individual differences in cue-evoked expectations. A broader network, including areas of the default mode network and striatum, also contributed to conceptual generalization of pain modulation, while threat-related regions such as the amygdala responded to generalization stimuli but did not mediate effects on pain ratings. These findings extend our understanding of expectancy-driven pain modulation by showing how conceptual processes can influence pain and its neurobiological substrates, offering new insight into placebo effects and maladaptive learning in chronic pain.</div
Effectiveness of protected areas in limiting agricultural encroachment and conserving herbivores in West‐Central African savannahs
No full textInternational audienceThis study examines the long‐term effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) in the savannahs of West and Central Africa in resisting agricultural encroachment and conserving large herbivore populations. Using Landsat imagery (1973–2018) and wildlife census data, we evaluated land‐use and land‐cover change within ten core PAs and their surrounding 60‐km buffer zones, focusing on four focal species: african buffalo, roan antelope, hartebeest and savannah elephant. Results show that core PAs largely retained their natural vegetation, while surrounding landscapes experienced significant agricultural expansion—particularly in unprotected buffer zones. National parks, especially those embedded within connected networks such as the W–Arly–Pendjari complex, demonstrated stronger resistance to land conversion and higher herbivore biomass. However, wildlife population trends did not consistently align with landscape integrity, indicating that factors such as PA size, governance and ecological connectivity critically shape conservation outcomes. We identify three typologies of PAs—underperforming large reserves, integrated transboundary networks and small but well‐managed sites—each requiring distinct strategic approaches. These findings underscore the need for outcome‐focused conservation strategies that go beyond legal designation to address spatial planning, connectivity and local management capacity
Molecular insights into volatile organic compound sensing and signaling in plants
No full textInternational audienceSUMMARY Plants interact with their surrounding environment through the perception of a vast and structurally diverse array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain mostly unknown. Despite the large number of VOCs emitted and perceived by plants, only a small number of phylogenetically distinct, but often structurally similar receptors and receptor‐like proteins have been identified and characterized to date. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on plant VOC perception, with an emphasis on the receptors involved, including their structural characteristics and ligand specificities, as well as how distinct VOC signals can be translated into different downstream physiological responses. We further highlight the involvement of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2)‐mediated signaling in the perception of volatile compounds and their derivatives, discussing its potential role in expanding the repertoire of plant VOC perception mechanisms
Investigation of the "Not Better Explained" Diagnosis Criteria in Sleep Disorder Classifications: A Systematic Content Analysis and Critical Review
No full textInternational audienceAccurate diagnostic boundaries between normal and pathological sleep are essential for appropriate care. Among diagnostic criteria, the "Not Better Explained" (NBE) exclusion criterion prevents misclassification by ensuring that symptoms are not attributable to another disorder. Despite its importance, the NBE criterion has never been systematically analysed across the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition Text Revision (ICSD-3-TR) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). A systematic content analysis was conducted using a validated methodology for diagnostic criteria evaluation. Ten major sleep disorders were selected based on prevalence and clinical relevance. For each disorder in both classifications, NBE formulations were identified, extracted, and categorised by excluded condition and causal wording. The Jaccard index quantified overlap, and visualisations compared exclusion patterns. The ICSD-3-TR included the NBE criterion in 9 of 10 disorders, whereas the DSM-5-TR included it in 7 of 10. Overall overlap was strong (Jaccard index = 0.75). Differences were mainly semantic. The ICSD-3-TR more often excluded "sleep disorders," "substance use," and "sleep behaviours," while the DSM-5-TR emphasised "medical" and "mental disorders." The ICSD-3-TR predominantly used "not better explained," whereas the DSM-5-TR employed more variable formulations ("not attributable," "not adequately explained"…). By highlighting the strengths and inconsistencies in the use of the NBE criterion, we aim to contribute to a more empirically and conceptually grounded framework for sleep disorder diagnosis. Our work aims to inform ongoing efforts to improve the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of diagnostic classifications in sleep medicine
EVALUATING SEGMENTATION USING β1 TOPOLOGICAL METRIC: APPLICATION TO NASAL CAVITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF AIRFLOW SIMULATION
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Le handicap pendant le long Moyen Âge
No full textNational audienceThis chapter (250,000 characters) presents a synthesis of current historical research on various ‘disabilities’ from 313 to 1789. Falling within the field of cultural disability history, it goes beyond the traditional inclusion/exclusion lens used to analyse the existence of ‘disabled’ people in the past, in favour of the more nuanced concept of social participation.Ce chapitre (250 000 signes) présente une synthèse de la recherche historique actuelle sur les différents "handicaps" de 313 à 1789. Inscrit dans le champ des cultural disability history, il dépasse le prisme inclusion/exclusion traditionnellement employé pour analyser l'existence des personnes "infirmes" du passé, au profit notamment de la notion de participations sociales, plus nuancée