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Utilitaire pour simplifier l'importation en masse des relationship marker dans le SGBD Heurist
No full textCe petit utilitaire permet de simplifier l'importation en masse des relationship marker dans le SGBD Heurist en fusionnant automatiquement les données avec des H-ID en entrées
LE PROJET «PARI » La datation des glissements de terrain islandais et leur rôle dans l’évolution des paysages
No full textRapport d'activité de l'IPEVLe projet PARI 1266 (PAraglacial Rock-Slope failures dating in Iceland), financé par l’Institut polaire de 2022 à 2025, a pour objectif de dater les glissements de terrain postglaciaires dans les Westfjords islandais et de comprendre leur rôle dans l’évolution des paysages à la fin de la dernière grande glaciation autour de 10 000 ans. Après l’inventaire des dépôts de glissements de terrain aboutissant à une cartographie, un travail de terrain a mobilisé des méthodes de description et de quantification des volumes déposés et de datation (recherches d’éléments datables au carbone 14 dans les séquences sédimentaires, utilisation du marteau de Schmidt). Les résultats obtenus montrent que les glissements de terrain se mettent en place dans les premiers millénaires après le départ des glaciers et que les volumes mobilisés (des millions de m3) au cours de cette crise géomorphologique paraglaciaire contribuent à l’élargissement des vallées glaciaires. Cette ampleur des instabilités passées des versants permet de comprendre les écroulements actuels des parois dans les massifs montagneux de la planète
Silicified seafloor contribution to TTG formation: insights from zircon O and Si isotopes
No full textco-auteur étrangerInternational audienceTracing the input of altered seafloor lithologies to primary melts of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite suites (TTGs) is critical for understanding Archean geodynamic processes that transported these lithologies towards melting regions. Zircon oxygen and silicon isotopic compositions in TTGs are particularly useful for this end, but their interpretation remains challenged by scarce quantitative constrains on isotopic compositions reflecting partial melting of specific Archean lithologies. Here, we combine oxygen and silicon isotope measurements in 3.45 and 3.22 Ga Barberton TTGs and their zircons with numerical models simulating partial melting of different source lithologies, which predict the isotope signatures of zircons and their host melts. Measured whole rock and zircon O and Si isotope compositions reflect the presence of up to 30 wt. % of hydrothermally silicified mafic rocks derived from the seafloor in the Barberton TTG source region. Considering the regional geological context, we propose subduction-like processes to explain the burial of the silicified seafloor into the TTG source. These results imply that subduction-like processes operated at least locally on Earth during the Paleoarchean
Health-related quality of life after second-line axi-cel in transplant-ineligible patients with large B-cell lymphoma
No full textInternational audienceThe phase 2 ALYCANTE trial aimed to evaluate the investigator-assessed complete metabolic response at 3 months from the axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) infusion as a primary end point in patients with high-risk relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma who are ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This study showed a significant improvement in complete metabolic response rate at 3 months based on historical controls. This study reports the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) results as a secondary end point. HRQoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) cancer-specific questionnaire, the Quality of Life Questionnaire high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma 29 (QLQ-NHL-HG29) , and the EuroQol Quality of Life Scale-5 dimensions-5 levels of severity (EQ-5D-5L) generic questionnaire at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after axi-cel infusion. Among the 62 patients included, 60 (97%) completed a baseline and at least 1 postbaseline HRQoL assessment. At 1 month infusion, adjusted mean change in HRQoL scores from baseline showed a clinically significant deterioration (greater than the clinical threshold) in physical, role, social functioning, and fatigue. However, all HRQoL dimensions recovered by 3 months after infusion and remained stable or continued to improve by 12 months. In an exploratory analysis, adjusted mean change in HRQoL score from baseline in ALYCANTE was similar to or better than in ASCT-eligible patients who received axi-cel in the phase 3 ZUMA-7 trial. Finally, the global health status and fatigue scores of the ALYCANTE population improved to levels comparable to the general French population of similar age by 3 months after infusion. These findings indicate that axi-cel improves HRQoL regardless of transplant eligibility, supporting its use across a broad patient population. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04531046
Organic residues from biomass in a Muong Nong Australasian tektite 1
No full textInternational audienceAustralasian tektites (AAT) contain grains from the impact surface that survived the tektite formation process. Muong Nong-type (MN) tektites, in particular, preserve numerous inclusions that provide insights into the thermal history of the material during ejection and deposition. Here, we present the first analysis of organic matter residues in MN-AAT, found adjacent to a mineral exhibiting Fe reduction within its crystalline structure. We propose that this organic matter represents the residue of target biomass that was trapped in the impact glass during melting and was preserved due to its composition and the rapid quenching of the melt, which prevented complete decomposition. The presence and composition of this organic matter may be linked to the ecosystem that once covered the impacted area and allow us to discuss the nature of this potential biomass reservoir. Moreover, carbon derived from this material appears to have influenced iron speciation, as evidenced by the nearby dendritic oxide showing a gradient in Fe oxidation state. These observations suggest that organic matter from soil and biomass may have contributed to the geochemical evolution of tektites.</div
Multi-method constraints on late Pleistocene glacier fluctuations in the Ossau valley (SW France), with wider implications for the Pyrenean icefield during the last glacial maximum
No full textInternational audienceCurrent evidence throughout the Pyrenees indicates that the local last glacial maximum (LLGM) of the Late Pleistocene occurred earlier than the globally recognised LGM period (26-19 ka). Some LGM glaciers subsequently grew to sizes similar to those of their LLGM predecessors, but others fell short. These apparent differences have been attributed either to peculiar palaeoprecipitation patterns across the mountain range or to artifacts among the different dating methods underpinning the glacier fluctuation chronologies. Here we test these two alternatives by presenting 33 new ¹⁰Be and ³⁶Cl surface exposure ages from the terminal moraines of the Ossau valley, by elaborating 3D glacial reconstructions fitted to successive generations of landforms, and by discussing the data in light of published ¹⁴C ages from the nearby Estarrès threshold-lake glaciolacustrine sequence and from several archaeological sites. Results indicate that a first major glacier advance occurred at some time before 35 ka cal BP, after which the Ossau glacier receded by 4 km between 34-30 ka and 31-27 ka cal BP. A subsequent readvance generated LLGM moraines ca. 22.7 ka, followed by post-LLGM recessional moraines (age: 20.2 ka) positioned 2 km to the south. Around 19 ka cal BP, the glacier retreated by a further 30 km. By revealing an interval of maximum glacier growth during the LGM, this new chronology suggests that the distinction between LGM and LLGM in the Pyrenees may increasingly become obsolete as multi-method approaches help to refine Late Pleistocene icefield fluctuation patterns in other valleys
« Aux conscrits » : les paradoxes du prosélytisme antimilitariste (1902-1908)
No full textInternational audienceAfin de rendre compte des paradoxes du prosélytisme antimilitariste entre 1902 et 1908, cet article s’intéresse à la façon dont les membres de l’ Association Internationale Antimilitariste influencent le consentement à la guerre d’une génération entière, à travers un discours didactique qui reflète une tension entre « refus de servir » et « refus de parvenir ». Il montre ensuite comment ces différents types de refus de l’autorité coexistent à travers des dialogues entre un jeune soldat et ses contemporains, présents dans des brochures de propagande qui prennent la forme de lettres ouvertes ou de pièces de théâtre. Finalement, il apparaît que le prosélytisme antimilitariste du début du xx e siècle se fonde sur une représentation caricaturale du conscrit
Differential behavioural responses of pinnipeds to airborne food odours using two experimental paradigms
No full textInternational audienceOlfaction plays an important role in mammalian behaviour, but its biological function, particularly in food detection and discrimination, remains poorly understood in pinnipeds. This study investigated the ability of captive pinnipeds to discriminate between food-related airborne odours and display differential responses. During both sequential and simultaneous presentations, we used four types of food-related odours – oily fish, leanfish, squid, and trout - with four different species: California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens), South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis), and harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). Behavioural responses, including the number and duration of approaches and nostril openings, were analysed using Bayesian models. Individuals from all four tested pinniped species demonstrated olfactory discrimination,responding more to food-related odours than to the control odour (water). The trout odour elicited the strongest responses, suggesting marked differential behaviour; however, this result should be interpreted with caution, as the trout odour was obtained from a live fish, whereas the other food odours were collected from thawed food items. A stronger response for oily fish over lean fish was observed in sequential but not in simultaneous presentations, highlighting the possible effect of presentation mode on olfactory discrimination. The squid odour did not induce significant responses, possibly due to dietary experience in captivity. Our results confirm that pinnipeds can discriminate between food sources using olfaction, supporting its potential role in foraging behaviour. Future research should investigate these abilities in captive and wild populations, and in the aquatic environment,to assess their ecological relevance
History and geochemical signatures of hydrothermally silicified volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the Paleoarchean (3.5-3.2 Ga) Barberton Greenstone Belt
No full textco-auteur étrangerInternational audienceSeafloor-derived silicified volcanic and sedimentary rocks provide unique records ofhydrothermal systems that operated at the top of the Paleoarchean submerged crust. Basedon petrographic, thermometric, and geochemical analyses, we distinguish the signaturesof Paleoarchean hydrothermal activity from those due to subsequent metamorphismand weathering in silicified volcanic and sedimentary rocks sampled from the3.5–3.2 GaBarberton Greenstone Belt. Measured138La-138Ce and147Sm-143Nd isotopic compositionsindicate that weathering by post-Archean oxidised fluids modified LREE abundances insamples displaying Ce anomalies. Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material, chloritethermometry and oxygen isotope thermometry provide evidence for mineralogical resettingby regional metamorphism at∼350±50°C, which arguably did not modify the bulk-rockgeochemistry. Oxygen isotope fractionation in a quartz-carbonate assemblage preservedfrom subsequent resetting provides a minimum temperature of∼110±50°Cinterpreted asthe highest possible temperature of the Paleoarchean silicifying hydrothermal fluids. Y/Hoand Zr/Hf ratios are chondritic in silicified volcanic and clastic sedimentary rocks, whichdifferentiates them from Archean orthochemical cherts with suprachondritic Y/Ho and Zr/Hfratios. Finally, silicified volcanic rocks that are free of Ce anomalies (mostly unweatheredby oxidising fluids) display slightly lower Sm/Nd ratios and more variable Lu/Hf ratios thannon-silicified counterparts, which we ascribe to differential REE mobilisation by silicifyinghydrothermal fluids. The modification of Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios during Paleoarcheanhydrothermal activity should be integrated in future Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopic investigationsof hydrothermal inputs to Archean ocean chemistry and of recycled seafloor-derived rock