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Integrated modelling of sediment and organic carbon fluxes in a large catchment: quantifying riverine contributions to the Mediterranean Sea
No full textInternational audienceWithin the Land Ocean Aquatic Continuum, the export of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC, POC) is crucial for various processes in aquatic ecosystems and a primary source of greenhouse gas emissions in hydrosystems. Quantifying DOC and POC fluxes at high spatiotemporal resolution is complex because numerous sources and processes influence their dynamics, including climate, geological, and anthropogenic activities. Such quantifications at the catchment scale can be performed using hydrological models that consider OC processes. This study employed the Soil and Water Assessment Tool -Carbon (SWAT-C) to simulate OC dynamics in the large Mediterranean catchment of the Rhône River from 2002 to 2020. We represent hydrological and sediment fluxes at the catchment scale by accounting for sub-catchment diversity and dam operations. The average resulting exports reach 5.52 Mt y -1 , 78.8 kt y -1 , and 95.1 kt y -1 with 54.4%, 71.5%, and 44.3% exported during the highest discharges for sediment, POC, and DOC, respectively. The contributions of the southern sub-basins to POC and DOC fluxes are significant, while the northern sub-basins do not show significant patterns. Regarding OC quality, the proportions of labile/refractory OC at the Rhône outlet are 85/15 and 5/95 for POC and DOC, respectively. Global changes could alter flows, such as the labile/refractory OC proportions, which should be quantified using the tool developed in this article to anticipate their impacts on biogeochemical dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea. Finally, our study demonstrates the potential and limitations of SWAT-C for modelling OC dynamics in a large Mediterranean catchment under multiple anthropogenic pressures
Holocene climatic changes in the Kerguelen archipelago (South Indian Ocean) based on marine and lacustrine palaeoclimatic archives
No full textInternational audienceClimatic variability in the Southern Hemisphere is largely controlled by the latitudinal position of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SHW), whose migration influences precipitation, temperature, and Antarctic upwelling. This study presents the results of analyses of two lacustrine sediment cores from Lake Armor, located on the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands (49 • 15′S, 69 • 10′E), within the SHW belt. Lipid biomarkers (Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers, n-alkanes, and their hydrogen isotopes) were used to reconstruct mean annual air temperature above freezing (MAF) and humidity conditions. These records are compared with a high-resolution diatom-based summer sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction from marine core MD11-3353, situated 150 km southwest of Lake Armor. In the late glacial and Early Holocene, our results reveal a period of warm air temperature, comparable to current values and very warm sea surface temperature, 5°C above the current values. Around 9000 cal a BP, an abrupt transition occurred, marked by a cooling of 5°C in SST and 1.5°C in MAF, interpreted as a northward migration of the SHW and associated oceanic fronts. The Mid-to-Late Holocene period is characterized by pronounced MAF variability, including a notably warm interval between 3000 and 2000 cal a BP, when n-alkane dD suggests the prevalence of wetter conditions. Since ~250 cal a BP, a southward migration of the SHW has produced a 2.5°C rise in MAF. Our findings are overall consistent with previous studies from the Indian Ocean, but permit us to go a step further as by comparing SSTs and air temperatures. This suggests that SST is not a reliable predictor of air temperature on the Kerguelen Islands, particularly during the Early Holocene. We hence argue that Kerguelen air temperature is predominantly controlled by the position of westerly winds, as an indicator of reorganisations in air mass trajectories
BiblIndex Beyond Canonical References: Using AI to Map Biblical Text Reuses in Patristic Literature
No full textInternational audienceBiblIndex, the online index of biblical text reuses in Early Christian literature, faces three challenges that artificial intelligence could address: the extensive intrabiblical intertextuality requiring many-to-many relationship mapping; the precise delineation of textual reuses beyond canonical verse systems; and establishing a robust typology distinguishing verbatim quotations from distant allusions. Neural language models could identify semantic similarities beyond exact wording, sequence tagging architectures could detect quotation boundaries at character-level precision, and machine learning classifiers could systematically categorize reuse types based on measurable linguistic features. Rather than replacing scholarly expertise, AI would augment human capabilities by processing hundreds of thousands of quotations at scale while maintaining philological rigor, transforming BiblIndex into a dynamic research environment that enables both comprehensive mapping and in-depth study of the textual relationships shaping Christian intellectual history
Shoulder rotators isokinetic profile according to instability and/or sport specificity: Implications for rehabilitation
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: To (i) describe the shoulder rotator muscle profiles across healthy, unstable, and athletic contexts, and (ii) to compare the usual Peak Torque (PT-method) and the Angular Range (AR-method).Design: Retrospective analysis of data collected cross-sectionally.Setting: Hospital. Each participant participated in isokinetic evaluations of the shoulder rotator muscles at 60°.s-1 (concentric/eccentric) for both shoulders.Participants: 239 participants of 24.7 (7.5) years INTERVENTION: None.Main outcome measures: We recorded the PT and AR mean torque by 10°, and we calculated the antagonist/agonist ratios. We used a two-way repeated measures ANOVA with a correction for multiplicity to compare laterality (i.e., side-to-side) and contexts (i.e., no-overhead sports healthy, no-overhead sports with unstable shoulder, overhead sports healthy and overhead sports with unstable shoulder RESULTS: Concentric PT of external rotators were significantly lower in no-overhead athletes with shoulder instability than healthy no-overhead athletes (p=0.007) and than healthy overhead athletes (p=0.029). The AR highlighted significant (p<0.05) lower concentric external and internal rotator muscles strength: i) in no-overhead athletes with shoulder instability than in healthy no-overhead athletes; ii) in healthy overhead athletes than in healthy no-overhead athletes; iii) in no-overhead athletes with shoulder instability than in healthy overhead athletes. No significant difference was observed in the eccentric modality or in the PT/AR ratios. Significant side-to-side differences (p<0.05) between dominant and non-dominant sides were reported by both PT and AR methods.Conclusion: Only the concentric muscle profiles differed across context groups. The AR allowed for a more precise detection of shoulder muscle adaptations by identifying unique muscle signatures in the moment-angle relationship. These 10° angular range measurements offer complementary information and enhance the clinical utility of isokinetic profiling compared to the traditional PT-method
Responses of the Neurobiological Craving Signature to smoking versus alternative social rewards predict craving and monthly smoking in adolescents
No full textSmoking remains the leading cause of preventable mortality worldwide. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the development of tobacco addiction due to ongoing brain maturation and susceptibility to social influences, such as exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Craving -the strong desire to use drugs -already emerges with non-daily tobacco use and predicts continued use and relapse. However, the roles of craving and ETS exposure during the early stages of tobacco use in adolescence remain poorly understood. In this pre-registered study, we harness a recently developed fMRI marker of craving -the Neurobiological Craving Signature (NCS) -to compare craving-related brain responses to smoking versus social cues in adolescent Experimental Smokers (N=100) and Non-smokers (N=48) with varying levels of ETS exposure levels. Results showed that NCS responses to smoking cues compared to alternative social rewards were higher in Experimental Smokers compared to Non-smokers and predicted individual differences in self-reported craving and monthly smoking. Both smoking behavior and NCS responses were correlated with the relative amount of ETS exposure from peers compared to exposure from family members. Together, these findings indicate a heightened sensitivity of craving-related brain circuits already during experimental smoking and highlight the important role of peer social norms on craving and smoking initiation in the critical period of adolescence
Cotrimoxazole in the intensive care unit: an impossible task for the fixed association in real life?
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) is a widely used antibiotic in ICU for the treatment of infections such as nosocomial or Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. However, dosing in ICU patients is complicated by fluctuations in renal function, particularly acute kidney injury and augmented renal clearance, which affect drug elimination. This study investigated how renal function and body weight influence trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole concentrations. Patients and methods This retrospective bicentre observational study involved 116 ICU patients receiving cotrimoxazole therapy with routine therapeutic drug monitoring. The study focused on effects of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and weight on concentrations and dosing. Results Dosing of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim was significantly lower in patients with eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, as recommended. In these patients, sulfamethoxazole concentrations were reduced, suggesting underdosing, while trimethoprim increased with worsening renal function, indicating overdose risk when eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) had lower sulfamethoxazole concentrations and a reduced dose-normalized C/D ratio, raising underdosing risk during RRT. trimethoprim was less affected by RRT, supporting dose reduction regardless of RRT status. No C/D ratio difference was seen between obese and non-obese patients. Weight influenced sulfamethoxazole but not trimethoprim. Conclusions These findings underscore the need for individualized dosing in ICU patients, especially in patients with renal impairment or RRT. Current fixed-dose combination may not adequately reflect cotrimoxazole’s complex pharmacokinetics in critical illness, stressing the importance of tailored strategies
The genesis of certitudo sui. How childhood socialization constructs social ease and reserve
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Who are the healthcare professionals involved in interprofessional team meetings in French multidisciplinary primary care centres? A quantitative analysis of eight centres
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: Interprofessional collaboration is crucial for providing high-quality care to patients with complex conditions in primary care. In France, multidisciplinary primary care centres (MPCC) receive funding if they organise at least 6 interprofessional team meetings (ITM) per year to discuss complex patient situations and collectively define care strategies. It remains unclear how ITM have been implemented in France. This study analyses healthcare professionals’ involvement in ITMs within MPCCs.METHOD: A multicenter retrospective quantitative study in 8 French MPCCs based on the analysis of ITM reports for the period from 2018 to 2019 was conducted. RESULTS: 1733 patients’situations (n = 1733 cases) discussed during ITMs were analysed. The 8 MPCCs were heterogeneous in terms of geographical location, creation date, and size (3 MPCCs with > 20,000 patients followed by more than 60 professionals and 3 MPCCs with < 20 professionals). On average, five healthcare professionals attended each ITM, with huge variations among MPCCs. The nurse-general practitioner (GP) pair was central. At least one GP was present at 89% (n = 1469) and nurses at 38.15% (n = 630) of ITMs. Participation of other professionals was less frequent and varied according to the MPCC. Physiotherapists were present at 7.8% of ITMs, and other healthcare professionals were present at < 6% of ITMs, including pharmacists (3% of ITMs). In some cases, healthcare professionals external to MPCC, particularly those related to mental health, were also involved in ITMs.CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the MPCC, the professionals involved in ITM vary widely, with the nurse-GP pair at the centre. The relative absence of certain professionals needs to be analysed in order to encourage interprofessional working
