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Citizen science for educational sciences: engaging educators in the production of structured practice-based evidence on a large scale
No full textInternational audienceEvery day, millions of educators test new practices. If a small proportion of them published their locally produced practice-based evidence in a structured manner, this could become a promising knowledge base for educators. The authors developed a citizen science project to promote the publication of educator-led research in France. They trained volunteers to create communities of educators and to facilitate workshops. During workshops, community members followed a common research methodology to produce contextualised evidence on the capacity of shared actions to address shared challenges. A collaborative platform helped educators produce, peer-review and publish their research. In 2020-21, 168 educators from primary to higher education joined 10 communities and initiated 60 research projects. The results suggest that: i) Using research methods can improve the quality of practice-based evidence; ii) Using a common methodology and platform can support educators from different contexts addressing shared challenges; and iii) Community-based recruitment can help with engaging educators
Covid-19 in the light of Erving Goffman. Distancing or relational closure
No full textInternational audienceIn the midst of the Covid-19 crisis, the ordeal of confinement and the distancing from others reminds us by default of the fundamental role played by rites and civility in our relationships. This proves the tremendous topicality of the work of Erving Goffman, the most famous representative of microsociology. Relationships know territories, borders and fences, invisible but pressing, which we do not cross thoughtlessly. However, Covid has reaffirmed these borders, while tightening the fences, the fault of distancing and barrier gestures, but also of general mistrust of others, which may be contaminating
AI and the sacred : an anthropological approach
No full textInternational audienceThis two-part article analyzes the ancient and mystical origins of artificial intelligence (AI). First, it explains that AI has precedents in mystical thought and finds relevance in certain anthropological concepts. Next, we'll look at how ancient philosophy has helped to explain in advance the way in which we - and in particular students - use artificial intelligence as a “mental orthosis”
Marketing for Sustainability: Harnessing Nature Connection and Green - Demarketing – Structured Abstract
No full textInternational audienc
Addressing (In)Equalities and (In)Equities in Digital Health Communication
No full textInternational audienceIn this special issue of the European Journal of Health Communication, we feature three articles that collectively highlight the intricate relationship between digital health technologies and numerous forms of inequalities and inequities that persist within society. From cultural perspectives to public participation, considering access, competence and cognitive ability, the studies reveal the complexity of factors and elements that affect health in a digital context. Unfortunately, inequalities and inequities persist within societies despite the best efforts of and promises for digital health technologies. As these three articles suggest, the digital communication technologies themselves cannot solely be the solution to inequity. These studies remind health communication scholars of the importance of studying the processes of digital health communication itself, whether that be in clinician-patient communication or in communication about technology aimed at patients, and always in their actual contexts of use. Doing so requires academic attention to the unintended consequences of both technology design and use that may exacerbate inequity and reduce patients’ abilities to communicate about their health
PERIGENOMED-CLINICS 1—the first study on feasibility, acceptability and psychosocial impact of PERIGENOMED: a pilot project aimed at providing initial concrete evidence on the relevance of panel-based genome sequencing for newborn screening (NBS) in France
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: International pilot projects focusing on next-generation sequencing in newborn screening (NBS), that is, genomic NBS (gNBS), have been established thanks to continuous therapeutic progress and the massive development of new genetic technologies with rapidly decreasing costs. Given the highly encouraging results of the French SeDeN project regarding anticipated acceptability among professionals and parents, it is now appropriate to launch a similar pilot project in France, in collaboration with other international initiatives under the International Consortium on Newborn Sequencing framework.Methods and analysis: PERIGENOMED is a large-scale project designed to provide the first concrete evidence on the relevance of gNBS in France. It includes two clinical trials. We present here the design chosen for the first clinical trial (PERIGENOMED-CLINICS 1). PERIGENOMED-CLINICS 1 aims to assess the feasibility, real-world acceptability, psychosocial impact and organisational pathways of panel-based genomic newborn screening in France, involving 2500 participants. Solo-GS targeting two lists of gene-disease dyads responsible for treatable (list 1; 400 genes, 171 diseases/group of diseases) or actionable (list 2 optional; 407 genes, 218 diseases/group of diseases) rare and severe early-onset diseases will be proposed in five health institutions. Ancillary social and impact studies will also be included.Ethics and dissemination: All study procedures have been reviewed and approved by relevant French ethics committees and regulatory authorities (CPP Est II-2024-A02224-43, 1 January 2025). Results of the project will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, national and international conferences, and public engagement initiatives, in coordination with stakeholders.Trial registration number: NCT06875089
Palmitate induces inflammatory and metabolic switches in Müller glial cells in an in vitro diabetic retinopathy model
No full textInternational audiencePurpose : Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of blindness amongst working-age population worldwide, characterized by many features such as neovascularization, blood-retina barrier (BRB) breakdowns, hypoxia, and inflammation. Diabetes mellitus is often associated with dyslipidemia, including an increase of circulating saturated fatty acids, particularly palmitate (PA). Due to the BRB breakdowns, blood products including fatty acids can leak into the retina. Müller cells (MGC), the main retinal glial cells, play a major role in the BRB, retinal homeostasis, and inflammation management. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the response of MGC to PA exposure in the context of DR. Methods : Using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MGCs (hiMGCs), we created an in vitro model of DR-associated dyslipidemia by stimulating hiMGCs with palmitate (500µM) in normal or high glucose conditions. Cellular lipids were quantified by gas chromatography (GC-FID). Transcriptomic responses were assessed by RNAseq while protein expression and phosphorylation were determined by Western blotting. Cytokines were quantified by FRET and metabolic parameters were determined by Seahorse assays. Results : We first show that hiMGC rapidly internalize PA which leads to significant changes in cellular lipid composition and transcriptomic alterations of major genes involved in metabolic pathways (PDK4, PPARG, PLIN2, ACADVL), inflammation (CXCL8, IL6, ATF3), and vascular remodeling (ANGPTL4), independently of glucose concentration. Western blots highlighted the activation of mTOR-related cell signaling pathways and confirmed the overexpression of ANGPTL4. Metabolic assays reveal that PA tends to increase both oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acid production rate, indicating a change in their energy production pathways. Finally, we reveal the secretion of the inflammation-related cytokines CXCL8 and IL6 in a time-dependent manner that is delayed from gene expression. Conclusions : Our results support the idea that high concentrations of PA are deleterious and trigger a pathologic response of MGC, characterized by wide transcriptomic alterations leading to secretion of inflammatory cytokines and a switch in cell energy production pathways. PA leakages in the retina could therefore be involved in the onset and/or severity of DR-associated chain of events
L’importance du vivant dans les cycles du carbone et de l’azote
No full textInternational audienceCe chapitre dissèque les cycles biogéochimiques du carbone et de l'azote, des éléments clés pour le vivant et la géosphère. Le cycle du carbone, par exemple, est fondamental pour la régulation climatique. Pour cela, les isotopes stables fournissent des archives précieuses, révélant des épisodes d'oxygénation et différentes étapes de l'évolution de la vie sur Terre
Designing an ecofriendly catalyst for a sustainable use of water resources
No full textInternational audienceAbstract The printing and dyeing industry is one of the most polluting (ca. 20% of global clean water pollution), water-consuming and energy-wasting sectors in the manufacturing field, highlighting the need to find green catalysts to improve its sustainability. Herein, a novel artificial green catalyst was developed, known as a bifunctional chimeric peptide DNAzyme (bi-CPDzyme), comprising peptide, DNA, and hemin moieties. This catalyst displays both catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities. The turnover number (kcat) of the optimized bi-CPDzyme prototype (G-quadruplex-Hemin-HRRHKHRRH) surpasses the natural CAT/POD bifunctional enzyme KatG, and competes with individual CAT and POD enzymes. This remarkable performance is attributed to the strategic combination and incorporation of histidine (H) and arginine (R) residues, which effectively trap hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) near the catalytic center via hydrogen bond formation, thus facilitating the generation of the active intermediate compound I, as supported here by theoretical calculations. Significantly, bi-CPDzyme achieves efficient decomposition of bleaching-derived residual H₂O₂ in a water/energy-saving manner, while degrading dyes from the textile industry effluents even in complex real samples, in addition to being easily recyclable and implementable. These findings make bi-CPDzyme a cutting-edge and environmentally friendly catalyst, positioning it at the forefront of advancements towards creating a sustainable society
Statistical Modeling of Categorical Trajectories with Multivariate Functional Data Approaches
No full textInternational audienceThere are many examples in which the statistical units of interest are samples of a continuous time categorical random process, taking values in a finite state space. Without loosing any information, we associate to each state a binary random function, taking values in {0, 1}, and turn the problem of statistical modeling of a categorical process into a multivariate functional data analysis issue. The (multivariate) covariance operator has nice interpretations in terms of departure from independence of the joint probabilities and the multivariate functional principal components are simple to interpret. Under a weak hypothesis assuming only continuity in probability of the 0 - 1 trajectories, it is simple to build consistent estimators of the covariance kernel and perform multivariate functional PCA. The trajectories being piecewise constant, with a finite number of jumps, this a rare case in functional data analysis in which the trajectories can be observed exhaustively. The approach is illustrated on a data set of sensory perceptions, considering different gustometer-controlled stimuli experiments. It can be easily extended to analyze experiments, such as temporal check-all-that-apply, in which two states or more can be present at the same time or to analyze multivariate categorical trajectories