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La construction du problème public de la vaccination contre la COVID-19 dans les médias de trois pays européens
No full textInternational audienceÀ partir d’un corpus de presse collecté de janvier à août 2021, cet article propose une analyse comparative de la construction du problème public de la vaccination contre la COVID-19 en France, Italie et Roumanie. Les résultats mettent en évidence la domination du cadre de la communication publique-politique de crise (concrétisé par la forte visibilité des institutions publiques en charge de la gestion de la campagne), ainsi que des argumentaires, très favorables à la vaccination, spécifiques à chaque pays
The neuro-cognitive bases of food categorization in the infant brain
No full textInternational audienc
New mineralogical and organic carbon-isotope data from the Tithonian of Boulonnais (France) - relationship with the VOICE.
No full textInternational audienceAs part of the research initiated by the Berriasian Working Group, we have conducted a detailed study of the Tithonian sedimentary successions of Boulonnais (northern France), given their interest as being deposits which are contemporaneous with the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (KCF) of Dorset (southern England), but situated in more proximal environments on the edge of the London-Brabant massif. The determination of d13Corg highlights a negative excursion of approximately –2‰ which probably corresponds to the VOICE (VOlgian Isotope Carbon Excursion). The chemostratigraphic data were correlated with the Geologic Time Scale using a compilation of orbital and magnetic stratigraphy. As in the KCF, the onset of this negative excursion occurs in the Pallasioides Zone (M21r to lower M21n). Further, a detailed study of the clay mineralogy shows an increase in the proportion of smectite at the expense of illite and kaolinite in the Albani Zone (M20r to lower M20n), which correlates with the lower part of the middle Volgian. This widespread mineralogical change marks the onset of the period of significant aridification which characterizes the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary interval regionally. The onset of the aridification phase was nearly synchronous with, or slightly preceded the paleoceanographic changes in some Tethyan basins including the Nannofossil Calcification Event, stratification of water masses, and trace metal enrichments. All these environmental changes in the Alpine Tethys took place around the early/late Tithonian boundary, in the early M20n magnetochron
Synthesis of N,N ‐Dimethylaminoethyl Acrylate via a Zinc Phenoxyimine and Phenoxyamidine Complexes Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction
No full textInternational audienceHeteroleptic and homoleptic complexes of zinc with phenoxyimine and phenoxyamidine ligands are used as alternatives to currently used tin catalysts in the transesterification reaction of methyl acrylate and N,N‐ dimethylethanolamine in the synthesis of N,N‐ dimethylaminoethyl acrylate. A large screening of phenoxyimine and three generations of phenoxyamidine ligands has been undertaken and used to determine the best catalysts in terms of conversion and selectivity. All of the catalysts tested show significant improvement in activity over catalysts currently well‐established in industrial processes such as dibutyltin oxide or Ti(O i Pr) 4 . The catalytic charges can be decreased significantly (10–20×) still affording good conversions and selectivities. A series of heteroleptic and homoleptic zinc complexes with phenoxyimine and phenoxyamidine ligands have been tested for the transesterification of methyl acrylate with N,N ‐dimethylethanolamine. All the catalysts demonstrated a substantial increase in activity compared to dibutyltin oxide, a well‐established catalyst that is currently used in industry for this reaction
Does eating more frequently at the university cafeteria promote healthier and more environmentally friendly diets in French students?
No full textAs public institutions, French university cafeterias have the potential to favour student well-being and academic performance by offering affordable, high-quality meals. More than half of the student population ate in these facilities at least once a week, with 17% eating there daily. However, limited data exists on students' actual food choices in this context. This study aimed to investigate the role of university catering in student diets, focusing on nutritional quality and environmental impact. Two hundred and fifty-three students were recruited using a non-probability quotas-based sampling method at the entrance of a large university cafeteria in Dijon during autumn 2023. Participants were 56% women and 20.2 (2.6) years old on average; they ate at this cafeteria at least once a week. They were asked to take pictures of their meal tray each time they ate at this cafeteria during three months. They also completed online questionnaires assessing their sociodemographic characteristics, overall diet using a 125-item food frequency questionnaire and attendance at university catering. The nutritional quality and environmental impact of students' food choices at the university cafeteria and of their overall diets were assessed as adherence to French recommendations, sPNNS-GS2 score, and greenhouse gas emissions, kg eCO2 and calculated for a standard 2000 kcal intake. The results indicated significant potential for improving the nutritional quality and environmental impact of both the students' food choices at the university cafeteria and of their overall diets. While frequent attendance at university catering was associated with healthier food choices (β=0.15, p=0.027) this did not translate into a broader improvement in the overall nutritional quality of students' diets (β=0.09, p=0.222). No associations were found between attendance at university catering with neither environmental impact of food choices (β=0.03, p=0.170) nor of overall diets (β=0.05, p=0.291). These findings suggest that although university catering has the potential to promote healthier and more sustainable eating habits, its full potential has yet to be realised notably by increasing the availability of healthier and more environmentally-friendly options such as legume-based dishes
Le modèle DPSIR : analyse et application dans le contexte environnemental: Rapport final
No full textLes logiques de formulation des voeux vers le supérieur à l’ère de Parcoursup: diversité des expériences d’orientation vers une université de province
No full textInternational audienceAlors que la France a longtemps été l’un des rares pays européens à permettre le libre accès à l’université en le soumettant à la seule détention d’un baccalauréat, la loi Orientation et réussite des étudiants (ORE) semble l’avoir substantiellement modifié par l’instauration de la procédure Parcoursup, entraînant alors une possible transformation des stratégies étudiantes. Dans la suite des travaux de Bourdieu (1974) et Convert (2010), cet article a pour objet d’analyser les choix d’orientation vers l’enseignement supérieur des néo-bacheliers d’une université de province, à travers la formulation de leurs voeux sur la plateforme Parcoursup. En effet, si les choix d’orientation vers l’enseignement supérieur se dessinent toujours autour d’un rapport au temps à venir, ceux-ci doivent dorénavant intégrer des nouvelles formes de rationalisation du choix prenant en considération la place de la filière dans l’enseignement supérieur y compris à l’université, laquelle est évaluée à travers le taux de pression qui s’y exerce et l’accessibilité qui en résulte
Duration of immune priming and changes in immune parameters following primary and secondary immune challenges in Tenebrio molitor
No full textInternational audienceThe yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) is a key species in industrial insect farming due to its high nutritional value, low environmental footprint, and efficient feed conversion. However, intensive high-density rearing increases the risk of pathogen transmission, highlighting the need for sustainable disease management strategies. Enhancing natural immune defences, such as immune priming, may reduce reliance on antibiotics, but the duration, reactivation potential, and physiological costs of such responses remain poorly understood. This study investigated long-term immune priming in T. molitor females by assessing immune parameters 20 and 50 days after a primary challenge with heat-killed Bacillus cereus, with or without a secondary challenge. We measured changes in haemocyte composition, prophenoloxidase (proPO) system activity, and antibacterial activity in the haemolymph, while also evaluating female fecundity to assess potential trade-offs. Our results show that immune priming induced long-lasting changes in immune function, notably enhanced plasmatocyte counts and PO activity, but only in females that received a secondary challenge 50 days after priming. This suggests a memorylike recall response. Antibacterial activity was sustained for at least 50 days post-priming, independent of secondary challenge, reflecting durable inducible humoral immunity. However, this heightened immune activity was negatively correlated with fecundity, indicating a tradeoff between immune investment and reproductive output. These findings demonstrate that T. molitor can mount robust, and long-lasting immune responses after bacterial challenges, but at a reproductive cost. While immune priming holds promise for improving disease resistance in mealworm farming, its application must consider impacts on productivity
Teleworking and residential relocation: modeling short- and long-term effects on daily mobility
No full textInternational audienceTeleworking has been identified as a key potential means of reducing energy consumption associated with commuting. However, despite being one of the most well-known transport demand management measures, its overall impact remains uncertain. This study investigates the long-term effects of residential relocation on the short-term benefits of teleworking in terms of energy consumption related to daily mobility. Using a desegregated model (Mobisim-Soft) to simulate daily mobilities of four French cities, this paper quantitatively evaluates several teleworking and residential relocation scenarios. Results confirm that teleworking leads to a reduction in travel distances and associated energy consumption. However, the residential relocation effect is substantial, cancelling out more than half of telework's energy savings. While the impact of teleworking remains positive or neutral in terms of energy savings, the study suggests that more attention should be paid to complementary strategies in order to maximise its positive effects in the context of ecological transition