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J. Schneider - Quotients of Cremona groups 2: Summer School 2025 - Cremona Group
No full textWhich quotients do Cremona groups admit? The answer depends on the field and on the rank. For example, the plane Cremona group over an algebraically closed field has no abelian quotient and no finite quotient. This is no longer true for non-closed fields, and it is also not true for Cremona groups of higher ranks. We will discuss several constructions of quotients in these cases, focusing on those using the Sarkisov program
Digital droplet PCR quantification and field-scale spatial distribution of <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> oospores in vineyard soil
No full textWe thank the Experimental Viticultural Unit of Bordeaux 1442, INRAE, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, for the maintenance of the experimental vineyard that was used in this study, as well as the GenoSol platform (DOI https://doi.org/10.15454/L7QN45) for sharing its expertise and helping with methodological development for DNA extraction from soil samples. Part of the experiments (ddPCR analysis) was performed at the Genome Transcriptome Platform of Bordeaux (PGTB; https://doi.org/10.15454/1.5572396583599417E12) with the help of Adline Delcamp and Emilie Chancerel. Finally, we are grateful to the sponsors of the Chaire Alexis Millardet for their support to research activities, namely Château Ausone, Château Cheval Blanc, Petrus, and Château Montrose.International audienceGrapevine downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting grapevine worldwide. Primary inoculum (i.e., oospores) plays a decisive role in downy mildew epidemics, but we still know very little about its abundance in vineyard soil. This study presents a novel molecular method for quantifying P. viticola oospore concentration in vineyard soil using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). The development of this method enabled the characterization of both the abundance and spatial distribution of oospores in a vineyard at the onset of the growing season. Following a regular grid, a total of 198 soil samples (0-15 cm horizon) were collected in March 2022 in grapevine rows in a 0.22 ha vineyard planted with cv. Merlot and conducted according to French organic viticulture specifications. Additional samples were collected from the same field within five nested sampling plots with three distance levels, including samples collected in the inter-rows. Using ddPCR, we found P. viticola DNA in all soil samples except one, and we estimated that oospore concentration ranged from 0 to 1,858 oospores per gram of soil (303 ± 308 on average). The distribution of oospores at field scale was not random but characterized by 15-m diameter patches of concentrically increasing oospore concentration. Oospores accumulated five times more below the vine stocks than in the inter-row. Using a leaf disc bioassay, we found that soil infectious potential significantly increased with oospore concentration assessed by ddPCR. However, the low coefficient of determination of the relationship indicated that DNA-based oospore quantification lacked clear epidemiologi cal significance. Both ddPCR and bioassay methods are valuable tools that could be used to assess reservoirs of P. viticola primary inoculum across different agroclimatic contexts, thereby bringing greater genericity. Further methodological improvement will also help refine the accuracy of DNA-based assessment of primary inoculum reservoir and improve our understanding of the relationship between primary inoculum reservoir and epidemic dynamics. Ultimately, these data will be essential for improving epidemic risk models and evaluating new preventive disease management strategies targeting the primary inoculum.IMPORTANCE Grapevine downy mildew caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola affects leaves and bunches and leads to important economic losses for viticulturists. Recently, evidence has accumulated that soilborne primary inoculum (i.e., oospores in the soil) importantly contributes to disease progress. The significance of our work is in presenting a direct and sensitive method for assessing soil oospore concentration, as well as quantitative and spatially explicit data on downy mildew primary inoculum. This opens the way to new research, the evaluation of new disease control strategies based on primary inoculum management and the improvement of epidemic risk models, which will potentially contribute to lower fungicide use in viticulture in fine.</p
Non-integrability of the -body problem
No full textInternational audienceWe prove that the classical planar n -body problem when restricted to a common level of the energy and the angular momentum is not integrable except in the case when both values of these first integrals are zero. In the proof of our theorem, we use methods of differential Galois theory
Rhetoric and Ideology: how academic activism can make antisemitism palatable
No full textInternational audienc
The socioeconomic environment and access to care affect the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
No full textMembers of the French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM) included in the study: Arnaud ALVES (Registre des tumeurs digestives du Calvados), Simona BARA (Registre des cancers de la Manche), Anne-Marie BOUVIER (Registre Bourguignon des cancers digestifs), Marc COLONNA (Registre général des cancers de l’Isère), Gaëlle COUREAU (Registre général des cancers de la Gironde), Sandrine DABAKUYO YONLI (Registre des cancers du sein et des cancers gynécologiques de Côte d’Or), Tania D’ALMEIDA (Registre général des cancers en région Limousin), Gautier DEFOSSEZ (Registre des cancers de Poitou-Charentes), Pascale GROSCLAUDE (Registre des cancers généraux du Tarn), Anne- Valérie GUIZARD (Registre général des tumeurs du Calvados), Karima HAMMAS (Registre des cancers du Haut-Rhin), Bénédicte LAPOTRE-LEDOUX (Registre général des cancers de la Somme), Florence MOLINIE (Registre des tumeurs de Loire-Atlantique/Vendée), Jean- Baptiste NOUSBAUM (Registre Finistérien des tumeurs digestives), Sandrine PLOUVIER (Registre des cancers de Lille et de sa région), Brigitte TRETARRE (Registre général des tumeurs de l’Hérault), Anne-Sophie WORONOFF (Registre des tumeurs du Doubs et du Territoire de Belfort). For geocoding and providing indexes, the authors would like to thank the platform MAPinMed.International audienceBackgroundThe socioeconomic environment and access to care may influence the prognosis of patients with primary liver cancer. We aimed to study the effects of the socioeconomic environment and access to care on the net survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA).MethodsAll patients with HCC or iCCA who were diagnosed between 2013 and 2015 within the French network of cancer registries were included, with follow-up until June 2018. The socioeconomic environment and access to care were assessed using the European Deprivation Index and the Spatial Accessibility Multiscalar (SCALe) index. The excess hazard ratios (EHR) were estimated and modelled using flexible parametric survival models with multidimensional penalized splines.ResultsIn total, 6137 patients were included (4931 with HCC and 1206 with iCCA). The 5-year net survival rates for men and women with HCC were 19.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) [18.1; 21.3]) and 20.0% (95% CI [16.2; 24.1]), respectively, and the 5-year net survival rates for men and women with iCCA were 10.4% (95% CI [7.5;14.0]) and 10.3% (95% CI [7.4;13.8]), respectively. A socioeconomic gradient was identified between the most and the least deprived areas for men with HCC (EHR 1.16 (95% CI [1.04;1.29]). Difficult access to care negatively affected the net survival of women with HCC (EHR 1.36 (95% CI [1.10;1.68]) corresponding to the 3rd quintile of distribution) and women with iCCA (EHR 1.37 (95% CI [1.07;1.76]) for the most isolated quintile compared with the least isolated quintile).ConclusionsThis study provides distinct net survival analyses for patients with HCC and iCCA. The net survival of patients with HCC is twice as high as that of patients with iCCA. The social environment adversely affects the net survival of men with HCC, whereas the geographical environment adversely affects that of women with HCC and iCCA
Optimally truncated WKB approximation for the 1D stationary Schrödinger equation in the highly oscillatory regime
No full textInternational audienceThis paper is dedicated to the efficient numerical computation of solutions to the 1D stationary Schr & ouml;dinger equation in the highly oscillatory regime. We compute an approximate solution based on the well-known WKB-ansatz, which relies on an asymptotic expansion w.r.t. the small parameter E. Assuming that the coefficient in the equation is analytic, we derive an explicit error estimate for the truncated WKB series, in terms of E and the truncation order N. For any fixed epsilon, this allows to determine the optimal truncation order N-opt which turns out to be proportional to epsilon(-1). When chosen this way, the resulting error of the optimally truncated WKB series behaves like O(exp(-r /epsilon)), with some parameter r > 0. The theoretical results established in this paper are confirmed by several numerical examples
Randomized phase II trial evaluating the combination of TG4001, an HPV16 therapeutic vaccine, and avelumab (ave) in patients (pts) with immunotherapy-naïve recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) HPV16-positive cervical or anogenital cancer.
No full textInternational audience2638 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small DNA virus associated with cervical, anogenital (AG) cancers and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. TG4001 is a therapeutic vaccine based on modified vaccinia virus Ankara with insertion of modified non-oncogenic HPV-16 E6 and E7 antigens and interleukin-2 as adjuvant. The phase I trial of TG4001 combined with ave showed a favorable safety profile (Borcoman E. et al, 2023). Methods: Pts with R/M cervical and anogenital cancer and who were checkpoint inhibitors naïve were randomized independent of PD-L1 expression between ave plus TG4001 or ave alone. Pts were required to have no more than one prior line of therapy for R/M disease and no liver involvement. Primary endpoint was PFS. Subgroup analysis (cervical, anal, other genital cancer) was preplanned in the protocol. Results: 90 pts were randomized between June 2021 and April 2024. 49 (54%), 27 (30%) and 14 (16%) pts had cervical, anal, and other genital cancers, respectively. Patients’ demographics were well balanced between the 2 arms. Median PFS (mPFS) was 3.0 and 2.8 months (mo) in the experimental and control arm, respectively (HR=0.87 [90%CI: 0.59-1.29], p=0.28). In the cervical cancer subgroup, mPFS was 4.3 and 2.1 mo in the experimental and control arm, respectively (HR=0.58 [90%CI: 0.33-1.01], p=0.053). Overall Response Rate (ORR) in the whole population was 15.2% (7/46pts) in the experimental arm and 13.6% (6/44pts) in the control arm. In the cervical cancer subgroup ORR was 20% (5/25pts) in the experimental arm and 8.3% (2/24pts) in the control arm. There were no new safety signals. Three pts (6.5%) in the experimental arm and 2 pts (4.5%) in the control arm presented grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AEs. Translational analysis including immunogenicity results will be presented. Conclusions: TG4001 combined with ave did not improve PFS over ave alone in the whole patient population. Preplanned subgroup analysis in cervical cancer showed a positive efficacy signal in the combined arm. Avelumab was provided by the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (CrossRef Funder ID: 10.13039/100009945). Clinical trial information: NCT03260023
Hyperbolic foliated entropy of suspensions
No full textWe study the hyperbolic entropies of foliations obtained by suspensions of a representation, in the sense of Dinh, Nguyên and Sibony (topological and measuretheoretic). We establish a link between this type of entropy and an adapted version of an entropy defined by Ghys, Langevin and Walczak for pseudo-groups of homeomorphisms.Such a link has various consequences. Among them, it implies that the hyperbolic entropy of foliations is not invariant by diffeomorphisms, and that a minimal entropy suspension admits an invariant measure. Finally, this allows us to study thoroughly the simple case in which the image of the representation is isomorphic to Z. In that case, we give the first exact estimate of the hyperbolic entropy, and prove a Brin-Katok type theorem and a variational principle, relying strongly on the standard ones for the entropy of maps
Lexique et sonorités au service de la construction du made in Italy dans le domaine des glaces : noms de produits et descriptions sensorielles de la franchise Amorino en France et en Allemagne
No full textInternational audience[Contexte] Le laboratoire dijonnais TIL s’intéresse à l’exploration des liens entre langue,culture et perception sensorielle, en analysant autant l'onomastique commerciale (cf. la sériede conférences Names in the Economy, Heinemann 2021) que les discours sensoriels. Dansce contexte, Amorino, fondé à Paris en 2002 par deux Italiens, illustre ce phénomène :quoique producteur des gelati en France, la marque construit une image d'authenticitéitalienne à travers des ingrédients et un marketing linguistique immersifs. Boutiques aux tonschauds, parfums évoqués en italien (nocciola tonda e gentile) et kiosques en forme d'ApeVespa convoquent littéralement l'Italie. Une synergie qui fonctionne : la fusion entre lexiqueet culture séduit le consommateur, visant à ancrer son expérience dans un imaginaireitalianisant.[Questions de recherche] L’histoire et la philosophie de l’enseigne assumant son inscriptionconsciente dans la tradition des gelati et, subséquemment, une volonté de « faire italien », lacommunication vise à interroger la façon dont la langue italienne et les imaginaires qu’elleconvoque, sont mis à profit pour servir les objectifs marketing. Le regard comparé entre leschoix de l’enseigne pour ses franchises en France et en Allemagne permettra d’interroger enparallèle la façon dont elle intègre les cultures cibles.[Corpus] Le corpus, comparable français-allemand au sens de Teubert (1996) est constitué,en termes de support de communication, d’une part des catalogues de l’enseigne tels qu’ilssont disponibles sur les sites Internet de la franchise dans les deux langues et d’autre partde photos de linguistic landscape des magasins. En termes d’objet, il comprend les noms deproduit qui relèvent de la catégorie des ergonymes et les textes descriptifs des parfums quis’inscrivent, dans le modèle élaboré par l’école dijonnaise (Gautier 2018, Mancebo 2023), ausein discours marketing de la marque[Cadres méthodologiques] Méthodologiquement, l’analyse s’inscrit dans le paradigme del’analyse de discours spécialisés sensoriels (Bach 2021, 2022) et de la linguistique dumarketing (Nacchia & Massaro 2017). Il s’agit, à partir de catégories de socio-pragmatiquecognitive (Kecskes 2023), de reconstituer les représentations et schémas prototypiques(Gautier & Bach 2017) véhiculés par les structures de désignation produites par l’enseigne :on croisera ainsi la morphologie lexicale et la phonologie dans l’analyse du « faire italien ».On reliera par ailleurs le choix des structures décrivant sensoriellement les parfums auxmoules habituels du genre pour d’autres produits (comme le vin par exemple)