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Présentation de l'avis n° 92 du CNA – Alimentation comme vecteur du bien vieillir
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Assessment of Residual Stiffness Modulus of Asphalt Mixes from In-Service Pavement by Ultrasonic Testing: Anisotropy and Traffic Load Effects
No full textInternational audienceThis study aims to assess the residual mechanical properties of asphalt concrete (AC) using ultrasonic pulse velocity tests with P- and S-waves on field-extracted plates. In order to evaluate the impact of traffic load on the residual mechanical properties, the plates are extracted from both trafficked and untrafficked areas. S-wave measurements were particularly challenging because of high attenuation of the material, addressed by using piezoelectric transducers operating in shear mode and advanced signal processing. Three methods for the time of flight determination are proposed, taking into account the signal-to-noise ratio effects. The C-scan measurements are presented in the form of spatial cartographies, followed by statistical analysis to assess the homogeneity of the plates across the spatial distribution. The ageing and heavy vehicle traffic degrade the material’s residual mechanical properties, leading to reduced wave velocities, particularly in the base layer’s materials. Comparing with traditional two-point bending test the high-frequency dynamic modulus calculated from US measurements matched well with traditional complex modulus test results and viscoelastic rheological modeling. Ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements indicate that aged AC can be considered as an orthotropic material with transverse isotropy
Sociologie du rugby et discours autour du rugby: Table ronde avec Mickaël Campo (Maître de conférences, UBE), Stéphan Germain (Entraîneur, CRESP) et Will Morgan (Entraîneur, Pôle espoir filles Toulouse et Montpellier)
No full textInternational audienceÀ l’occasion de la Saint Patrick et du tournoi des Six Nations, le laboratoire TIL (UFR Langues et Communication) et le laboratoire Psy-DREPI (UFR STAPS et Sciences Humaines), en partenariat avec le Consulat Général d’Irlande à Lyon, organisent une conférence sur le rugby français et irlandais le vendredi 14 mars à la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme de Dijon. Intitulée « France-Irlande and Beyond : le rugby au prisme des SHS », cette conférence portera sur divers aspects du rugby, un des sports collectifs les plus populaires dans les deux nations : sociologie du rugby, discours autour du rugby, haute performance et écoles de rugby
Nanostructured lipid carriers based mRNA vaccine leads to a T cell–inflamed tumour microenvironment favourable for improving PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapy and long-term immunity in a cold tumour model
No full textInternational audienceBackground: mRNA-based cancer vaccines show promise in triggering antitumour immune responses. To combine them with existing immunotherapies, the intratumoral immune microenvironment needs to be deeply characterised. Here, we test nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), the so-called Lipidots®, for delivering unmodified mRNA encoding Ovalbumin (OVA) antigen to elicit specific antitumour responses.Methods: We evaluated whether NLC OVA mRNA complexes activate dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and identified the involved signalling pathways using specific inhibitors. We tested the anti-tumoral impact of Ova mRNA vaccine in B16-OVA and E.G7-OVA cold tumour-bearing C57Bl6 female mice as well as its synergy effect with an anti-PD-1 therapy by following the tumour growth and performing immunophenotyping of innate and adaptive immune cells. The intratumoral vaccine-related gene signature was assessed by RNA-sequencing. The immune memory response was assessed by re-challenging surviving treated mice with tumour cells.Findings: Our vaccine activates DCs in vitro through the TLR4/8 and ROS signalling pathways and induces specific T cell activation while exhibits significant preventive and therapeutic antitumour efficacy in vivo. A profound intratumoral remodelling of the innate and adaptive immunity in association with an increase in the gene expression of chemokines (Cxcl10, Cxcl11, Cxcl9) involved in CD8+ T cell attraction were observed in immunised mice. The combination of vaccine and anti-PD-1 therapy improves the rates of complete responses and memory immune responses compared to monotherapies.Interpretation: Lipidots® are effective platform for the development of vaccines against cancer based on mRNA delivery. Their combination with immune checkpoint blockers could counter tumour resistance and promote long-term antitumour immunit
Actes des deuxièmes rencontres nationales sur les recherches en musique (RNRM'25): Les futurs des recherches en musique
No full textNational audienceThe sheer diversity of music research in France today calls for an overview, with a view to future prospects in this singular field. Initially structured within academic laboratories and driven by learned societies, this research has also been carried out in recent years in higher music education establishments accredited by the French Ministry of Culture, as well as by a wide range of players involved in the creation and dissemination of music, from national centers for musical creation to independent artists.These second national encounters deal in particular, and without limitation, with the relationship between research and musical practice:- the relationship between scientific research and artistic practice, in particular the role of musical skills (instrumental, compositional, organological, etc.) within a research approach to music, and research-creation approaches;- new forms of research by musicians into their practices (composition, performance, pedagogy), the study of creative processes and the epistemological and technological challenges of experimental research into music or interdisciplinary forms;- the impact and applications of music research in the fields of music creation, performance, music education, mediation, music making and the music industry;- the challenges and modalities of research training for musicians in France and abroad, with a focus on doctorates in composition, performance, pedagogy, mediation, etc.La pluralité des recherches en musique en France aujourd’hui invite à en dresser un panorama pour envisager les perspectives à venir de ce domaine si singulier. Structurées à l’origine au sein de laboratoires académiques, menées sous l’impulsion de sociétés savantes, ces recherches se déploient également depuis quelques années dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur de la musique accrédités par le ministère de la Culture, ainsi qu'au travers de nombreux acteurs de la création et de la diffusion, des centres nationaux de création musicale jusqu’aux artistes indépendants.Ces deuxièmes rencontres nationales traitent notamment, et sans limitation, des rapports entre la recherche et la pratique musicale :- l’articulation entre recherche scientifique et pratique artistique, notamment le rôle des compétences de type musical (instrumentales, compositionnelles, organologiques, etc.) au sein d’une démarche de recherche portant sur la musique et les démarches de recherche-création ;- les nouvelles formes de recherche des musiciens sur leurs pratiques (composition, interprétation, pédagogie), l’étude des processus de création et les enjeux épistémologiques et technologiques de ces recherches expérimentales sur la musique ou des formes interdisciplinaires ;- les impacts et les applications de la recherche en musique dans le champ de la création musicale, de l’interprétation, de la pédagogie musicale, de la médiation, de la facture et de l’industrie musicale ;- les enjeux et les modalités de la formation à la recherche des musiciens en France et à l’étranger, avec une attention portée aux doctorats en composition, interprétation, pédagogie, médiation, etc
TAS1R2/TAS1R3 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Affect Sweet Taste Receptor Activation by Sweeteners: The SWEET Project
No full textInternational audienceBackground/Objectives: Studies have hypothesised that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 genes may alter sweet compound detection and eating habits, thereby increasing the risk of obesity. This in vitro study aims to measure the impact of human TAS1R2/TAS1R3 polymorphisms, some of which are thought to be involved in obesity, on the response of the sweet taste receptor to various sweeteners. It also aims to identify new SNPs in an obese population associated with a decrease in or loss of TAS1R2/TAS1R3 function. Methods: First, the effects of 12 human TAS1R2-SNPs and 16 human TAS1R3-SNPs, previously identied in the literature, on the response of the sweet taste receptor stimulated by 12 sweeteners were investigated using functional cellular assays. Second, a total of 162 blood samples were collected from an obese population (BMI between 25 and 35 kg/m 2 ) involved in the SWEET project. The TaqMan method for SNP genotyping was carried out using DNA extracted from blood samples to identify new SNPs and predict possible/probable TAS1R2/TAS1R3 loss of function. Results: Although certain human TAS1R2/TAS1R3 SNPs showed reduced receptor response, they were not associated with particular phenotypes. Seven SNPs were predicted to severely impair the human TAS1R2/TAS1R3 response to sweeteners. Conclusions: Although some TAS1R2and TAS1R3-SNPs have previously been associated with obesity, our cellular results do not conrm this association and reinforce the hypothesis, put forward by other researchers, that sweet taste perception and sugar consumption are governed by factors other than the TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 genes.</div
Étude du mode d'action de technologies innovantes à base de phytostérols
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Fungi and plants as a source of bioherbicides ? Towards the research of biosolutions to manage damaging weeds
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Induction triplet chemotherapy in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma and synchronous metastases, an AGEO-FFCD study
No full textInternational audienceAim of the study: The management of synchronous metastatic rectal cancer (SMRC) is complex and multimodal, involving chemotherapy, surgery and/or radiotherapy. The aim of this study was firstly to confirm the efficacy of the induction FOLFIRINOX, and secondly to evaluate the different therapeutic strategies and outcomes of patients.Patients and methods: This French study combined data from a prospective FFCD trial and a multicenter cohort. Patients included had SMRC and had undergone induction triplet chemotherapy. Two groups of patients were defined according to the resectability of metastases at baseline: resectable (Res) and unresectable (URes). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate.Results: 146 patients were included in 16 French centers and 65 patients in the FFCD1102 trial. In overall population the median age of patients was 59 years, 86% of tumors were of the lower or middle rectum, 33% were well-differentiated, 53% were RAS mutated and 7% BRAF mutated. Triplet induction was associated with 80% of objective response and 92% of disease control. After the induction phase, 69% and 48% of patients of Res and URes groups underwent rectal surgery, and secondary metastases resection was done in 79% and 39% of patients, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) for Res was 56.3 months (95% CI: 22.54-NA). Median OS for URes who had or not secondary metastases resection were 45.1 months (95% CI: 39.89-NA) and 21.1 months (95% CI 17.31-27.1), respectively. Patients with BRAF mutated tumors were more likely to have unresectable disease, and had worse survivals than the patients with RAS mutated or RAS/BRAF wild-type.Conclusion: Triplet induction chemotherapy is a treatment of choice in selected patients with SMRC, allowing to adapt the therapeutic strategy to the response and invasiveness of the various sites
