Research & Innovation Initiative Journals
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A Tourism Planning of Zimbabwe for 1980-2018: A Critical Assessment
No full textPurpose: The purpose of the study was to assess how far the government of Zimbabwe’s tourism policies and strategies have affected the development of the tourism and hospitality sector.
Methods: The study was based on a review of the literature on tourism development in Zimbabwe. A range of peer-reviewed papers, reports from the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). reports from the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority (ZTA), and those of the Ministry of Environment, Tourism, and Hospitality Industry were consulted. The information offered a clear picture of how far the government had contributed to influencing the development of the tourism and hospitality industry during the period.
Results: The results of the study showed that for the period up to 2000 the government played only a facilitating role in the development of the sector. The results further showed that the government took a more proactive role in planning the development of the industry only when the persistent negative image of the country threatened the collapse of the sector.
Implications: It is recommended that the country effectively implements the National Tourism Master Plan and the National Tourism Sector Strategy which were launched in 2016 and 2018 respectively. A constant review of the National Tourism Sector Strategy will ensure an effective response to the global and national macro-economic, social and political changes that will occur during the plan period
Profiling The Needs and Wants of Millennials in The Tourism Industry: Implications for Zimbabwe
No full textPurpose: The main purpose of the paper is to profile the needs and wants of millennials in the tourism industry and their implications for tourism operators in Zimbabwe.
Methods: The study adopted a qualitative design approach with document analysis being the data collection method. Data were analyzed thematically.
Results: The major finding was that millennials desire authentic and memorable experiences, they are highly knowledgeable, have strong digital skills, they are social media creatures and are permanently connected online, they are particular and question everything, they prefer leisure and recreational activities, they prefer hotel facilities with health-oriented facilities like fitness centers and they practice volunteer tourism. Millennials are different, they think and act differently, and their travel choices and preferences are different from the generations before them.
Implications: Tourism operators including hotels should adapt their service delivery systems to the needs and wants of millennials to achieve superior business performance. There is a need for the adoption of proactive marketing strategies as well as taking full advantage of the opportunities presented by millennials in the tourism industry in Zimbabwe
Unabated Corruption in the Government of Nigeria Despite the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission: Who Bells the Cat?
Get PDFThis paper examines the different dimensions and continuous corrupt practices in the federal government of Nigeria amidst President Buhari administration’s anti-corruption songs and war (2015 – date). It is observed that the menaces of infrastructural deficits are persistent and unabated due to billions of dollars that are carted away by both political and public office holders on a seasonal basis, and misfit appointment of public officials popularly referred to as ‘favoritism’ and the ‘lopsidedness.’ The study which is qualitative with data gathered from secondary sources. The paper found the fact that political and public office holders across administrations in Nigeria perceived corruption as a worthwhile venture despite the campaign against corruption. It is also noticed that the EFCC created to lead the anti-corruption war only barks without biting. The study advocated, among others, that the National Assembly should immediately reevaluate and review the Nigerian administration of the criminal justice system.
 
Government Expenditure and Economic Discomfort in Nigeria: An ARDL Approach
Get PDFPurpose: Government expenditure affects the behavior of both producers and consumers, and influence the distribution of income and wealth in the economy. But, a cursory look at government expenditure (recurrent and capital) in Nigeria over the year, showed that expenditure has been on the increase but the rate of increase has not translated into economic comfort (reduction in poverty and unemployment rates). Due to this assumption, this paper examined government expenditure and economic discomfort in Nigeria.
Methods: Annual time-series data from 1990-2018 were obtained from the CBN Statistical Bulletin (various issues) and the World Bank report. The descriptive statistics, ADF unit root test, and ARDL model serves as the analytical tools.
Results: Based on the empirical result, the paper concluded that government capital expenditure has a negative and significant relationship with economic discomfort. On the other hand, government recurrent expenditure is positively and insignificantly related to economic discomfort.
Implications: This result implies that while the increase in capital expenditure will depress economic discomfort, an increase in the recurrent component of the expenditure will not help to reduce economic discomfort. Based on these conclusions, the paper recommended amongst others that more government capital spending should be encouraged as it plays a critical role in reducing both poverty and unemployment rates in Nigeria
Utilization of the Zambezi River Basin for Tourism: Opportunities and Challenges: Opportunities and Challenges
No full textPurpose: Zambezi River Basin (ZRB) is one of the top ranking tourist destinations in Southern Africa. It is one of the five longest river basins in Africa blessed with diversified wildlife. The popular stopovers along the river basin are Caprivi, Victoria Falls and Livingstone, Kariba, Kafue, Cahora Bassa and Zambezi Delta. It offers variety of tourist attractions including boating, cruising, kayaking, diving, walking along the river bank, bungee jumping, white water rafting, fishing, hunting and flying over the Basin. However, it seems that the development of facilities around the Basin like hotels, cottages, campsites, trails, tourism complexes and walkways does not match with the opportunities the ZRB offers.
Keeping this in mind, the present study explores the challenges and the possibility of tourism development along the Zambezi River Basin (ZRB).
Methods: The study is solely based on the Literature synthesis generated from secondary sources based on reports and articles published in academic journals.
Results: Diverse wildlife and scenic beauty are the main opportunities for the region to develop tourism. However poor road and air communication and other infrastructural weaknesses are the major obstacles for the region to develop tourism.
Implications: Governments and the private entrepreneurs should work together in developing infrastructure as well as tourist attractions in the region, including road, water and air transportation, electricity supply, gaming options, spa, and other such facilities.
Limitations: The paper is based only on literature synthesis to arrive at the conclusion and recommendation. The literature is relatively scant and most of the available literature is from reports. Survey methods can be used to have a broader comprehension of the challenges and the opportunities of the region
Analysis of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the Tourism Industry in Tanzania
No full textPurpose: The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the commercial sexual exploitation of children in the tourism industry in Tanzania and to propose mitigation measures.
Methods: This study was based on the desk review of published materials. Critical analysis of commercial sex exploitation of children in the Tourism (CSECT) industry in Tanzania was conducted.
Results: According to the findings, children in Tanzania are involved in commercial sex trade with tourists and residents. This perception was also supported by the studies which were conducted by End Child Prostitution and Trafficking International (ECPAT International) in Tanzania in 2013 and in Kenya, Zambia, and South Africa in 2015.
Implications: The problem of commercial sex exploitation of children in Tourism is aggravated by poverty and the trafficking of children for child labor engagement. The study serves as an early wake-up call for the policymakers in Tanzania. The study recommends prevention, protection, prosecution, policy, and mobilize coordinated national action to end the problem
How Do Ethical Leadership and Organizational Justice Affect Work Outcomes? Does Perceived Organizational Support Mediate the Relationships?
Get PDFPurpose– Employees\u27 work-related attitudes and behavior is a topic of considerable interest in the areas of organizational behavior and human resource management. This research aims to explore the impact of ethical Leadership and organizational justice on employees\u27 work outcomes while considering perceived organizational support as a mediating variable.
Design /Methodology / Approach – We collected data from 800 employees working in the top four cellular companies of Punjab, Pakistan. A self-administered survey was used to collect data. SPSS, version 18 was used for data analysis. Regression analysis and correlation analysis are done to trace the direct and mediating connection between key variables of the study.
Findings – Results showed that both ethical leadership and organizational justice have a positive relationship with work outcomes. Results also show that perceived organizational support partially mediates the relationship between key variables.
Practical Implications – Ethical leaders have multiple influences on employee outcomes. Therefore, managers should enhance their ethical leadership in order to ensure desirable work attitudes and better employee performance.
Originality – This study is a pioneering attempt to explore the mediating role of perceived organizational support in shaping the relationship between ethical leadership, organizational justice, and employee work outcomes.
 
Do the Newspaper Publishing Houses in Bangladesh Maintain Quality of Work Life?
Get PDFPurpose: The main objective of this study is to explore the degree of maintaining QWL issues in the newspaper publishing houses of Bangladesh.
Methods: This study had endeavored to expose the practices of QWL of 15 newspaper publishing houses through a questionnaire survey conducted on 75 full-time news reporters. The survey results were further endorsed by senior executives of three well-circulated newspapers of Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Results: The study revealed job stress as a high priority indicator of QWL. However, the newspaper publishing houses are found somewhat weak in maintaining the QWL issues, such as job security, harmonious relationship, experience sharing culture, and social pride.
Implications: This paper recommends few interventions to enrich the QWL practices in the newspaper publishing industry of Bangladesh.
Originality: QWL practice of newspaper publishing houses is somewhat missing in the existing literature. Therefore, the current study will inspire the researchers to discuss and debate the issues
Association between Leave Provisions and Job Satisfaction: A Study on Commercial Banks of Bangladesh
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the relationships between leaves and job satisfaction among the employees of some commercial banks in Bangladesh. Data on selected leaves and job satisfaction related factors have been collected through survey method from mid-level and entry-level employees of 29 private commercial banks in Bangladesh. The respondents were selected through convenient sampling. Frequency distribution has been utilized to explore the leaves and job satisfaction related characteristics of the respondents. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were employed to test the hypotheses and to estimate the existing relationships among the variables. The chi-square test reveals that marital status, education, weekly holidays, causal, sick and earned leaves, festival holidays and parental leaves are strongly associated with job satisfaction. The logistic analysis shows that marital status, education, weekly holidays, casual leaves, festival holidays and parental leave have significant relationships with job satisfaction. There is a 88% association between leaves and job satisfaction of the employees at different commercial banks of Bangladesh. The findings imply that organization policy regarding festival holidays, parental leaves, weekly holidays, and casual leaves has a vital role in the job satisfaction of the employees.
 
Diversification of the Nigerian Economy through Human Resource Development and Utilization
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the significance of diversification of Nigeria’s economy through human resource development and utilization. It is on record that most developed countries in the world diversified their economy through the development of their citizens and thereafter utilized them in all the sectors of the economy. The narrative research design was adopted as it involves the use of secondary sources of data from Newspapers, Journals, and other online sources. This paper concludes that diversification of the Nigerian economy measured in terms of human resource development and utilization in the areas of manufacturing diversification, financial diversification, foreign direct investment, fiscal diversification, regional diversification, and job diversification has the capacity of revitalizing and sustaining Nigeria\u27s economy. Therefore, human resource development policies in Nigeria should focus on education, technology, biotechnology, agriculture, aircraft, vehicle manufacturing, manufacturing of military gadgets such as weaponry and drones. The Nigerian government should also implement equal regionalization of industrial zones for equitable distribution of resources across all regions to avoid marginalization.