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Stress management of nurses serving in primary military health care centers.
No full textStress experienced by nurses affects personal life, physical and mental health, and work efficiency. The long – term and constant stress experienced at work can escalate into burnout. And some stress management strategies can be effective in managing and reducing the stress experienced. The aim of this research –to analyze the stress management of nurses serving in the primary military health care centers. Research methodology.Quantitative research has been fullfiled with the questionnaire used as a research instrument. The Perceived Stress Scale – 10 (PSS – 10) and the Four – Factor Stress Management Methodology have been applied. 79 respondents have been included into the research sample. The research has been accomplished in compliance with ethical principles. SPSS 15.0 for Windows software package has been used for the analysis of data. Research results. The level of subjectively perceived stress among nurses serving in primary military health care centers was found to be low. However, two – thirds of nursing staff at the site at least sometimes feel covered in stress and excitement. And a third feel that sometimes or more often thet do not cope with their responsibilities and the tasks they receive. One in five nurses feel they can almost never or never manage their annoyance. It turned out that nurses serving in primary military health care centers mostly use problem – solving and social support stress – coping strategies. The least used – emotional discharges. Nurses serving primary military health care centers using active stress management strategies experience lower level of stress. No statistically significant relationship was found betweed the age, length of service, length of service in civilian health care institutions and subjectively perceived stress levels of nurses serving in primary military health care centers. Conclusion. Nurses serving in primary military health care centers using active stress management strategies experience lower levels of stress
The problem of abortion in terms of classical ethical theories.
No full textThe relevance and timeliness of the research annalyses the view point of classical ethical theories, when attempting to understand the arguments of the supporters of different positions in assessing the rights, possibilities and value of the unborn person. According to the issues raised, this research paper investigates the Catholic approach to life, the ethical and legal theories of the beginning of life, and describes the contradictions between the values of a person's right to life and his right to choose. The aim of the study is to break down classical ethical theories and their approach to the problem of abortion from different positions. The reaserach objectives are formulated in relation to the aim of the study: to analyze the development of the concept of abortion in Western culture; to reveal the problems of abortion in bioethics; to elucidate the approach of classical ethical theories to the problem of abortion; to present a comparative analysis of the arguments of classical ethical theories and to summarize the main findings of the research study and present conclusions. In order to attain aims and objectives of the thesis presents the analysis, comparison and conclusions of the relavant documents and scientific articles. Evaluation of the different conceptions of abortion in terms of classical ethical theories leads to the conclusion that human life is universally recognized as the greatest human value. Human life must be considered as an absolite aspiration and value. The research paper consists of introduction, which presents the relevance of the topic, problem, aim, objectives, research methods. The literature review consists of 3 chapters: 1. The concept of abortion in Western culture; 2. Problems of abortion in bioethics; 3. The concept of abortion in Western philosophy and culture; Comparative analysis of the arguments of classical ethical theories; conclusions; bibliography
Response of long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) to the change in the main prey availability in Its Baltic wintering ground /
No full textThe long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) is a vulnerable and declining species wintering in the Baltic Sea. The introduction of the invasive fish, the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), dramatically impacted the benthic macrofauna in hard-bottom habitats, while no significant changes occurred in soft-bottom benthic macrofauna. Therefore, we aimed to assess the extent to which the diet of long-tailed ducks changed in two different bottom types. We analysed the stomach content of 251 long-tailed ducks bycaught in gillnets from 2016 to 2020 in hard-and soft-bottom habitats and compared these results with those published by Žydelis and Ruškyte (2005). The results show that the long-tailed duck experienced a change in diet in hard-bottom habitats, shifting from the blue mussel to Hediste diversicolor, barnacles, and fish. In soft-bottom habitats, their diet remained similar over time and was based on H. diversicolor, a few bivalve species, and Saduria entomon. There was no evidence of significant differences in diet between sex or age. Despite the abovementioned changes in diet, the average body condition of the species did not change over time or between habitats. This confirms that long-tailed ducks have high feeding flexibility and quick species response to changes in prey availability, as they are capable of shifting their diet to new prey
Estimating the abundance of the critically endangered Baltic Proper harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) population using passive acoustic monitoring /
No full textKnowing the abundance of a population is a crucial component to assess its conservation status and develop effective conservation plans. For most cetaceans, abundance estimation is difficult given their cryptic and mobile nature, especially when the population is small and has a transnational distribution. In the Baltic Sea, the number of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) has collapsed since the mid-20th century and the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN and HELCOM; however, its abundance remains unknown. Here, one of the largest ever passive acoustic monitoring studies was carried out by eight Baltic Sea nations to estimate the abundance of the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise for the first time. By logging porpoise echolocation signals at 298 stations during May 2011–April 2013, calibrating the loggers’ spatial detection performance at sea, and measuring the click rate of tagged individuals, we estimated an abundance of 71–1105 individuals (95% CI, point estimate 491) during May–October within the population's proposed management border. The small abundance estimate strongly supports that the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise is facing an extremely high risk of extinction, and highlights the need for immediate and efficient conservation actions through international cooperation. It also provides a starting point in monitoring the trend of the population abundance to evaluate the effectiveness of management measures and determine its interactions with the larger neighboring Belt Sea population. Further, we offer evidence that design-based passive acoustic monitoring can generate reliable estimates of the abundance of rare and cryptic animal populations across large spatial scales
Factors influencing the decision-making of users of Lithuanian e-commerce platforms /
No full textThe introduction of new technologies, digitalisation and restrictions on physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic have encouraged the development of e-commerce. Due to constantly changing consumer needs and growing competition, organisations working in the field of e-commerce face enormous challenges. The aim of the article, analysing factors that influence the users of e-commerce platforms, is to determine what factors influence the decisions made by the users of Lithuanian e-commerce platforms. The analysis of the scientific literature helped to identify the main factors influencing the decisions made by the users of e-commerce platforms, and the results of the quantitative survey allowed to determine that the decisions made by the users of Lithuanian e-commerce platforms depend on demographic factors, i.e. age, gender, place of residence, and monthly income
Leadership in innovative public sector communication: the case of Klaipeda district municipality.
No full textA manager is an integral part of any organization in both the private and public sectors. In today's technological age, he must be able not only to adapt to a dynamic environment and achieve the goals of the organization, ensure the smooth running of its processes, but also to initiate changes, be able to motivate employees to achieve the set goals. Because the public sector operates under the leadership of executives who are elected or appointed, the public sector must respond to change and change itself in response to today’s dynamics. In order for this process to take place effectively, managers with the qualities of a leader are needed – managers-leaders who communicate innovatively, integrate forms of communication into the activities of the organization, its processes. Leaders are most successful in doing this, so it is vital that leaders who know how to communicate innovatively and initiate changes in the communication culture to improve the quality of public sector organizations and promote smoother collaborative and team-based processes in the public sector lead the modern public sector. The Master‘s Thesis raises a problematic question: how important is leadership in the public sector to promote innovative communication? The object of the work is the leadership aspect of the manager in innovative public sector communication. The aim of the work is to evaluate the leadership characteristics of Klaipėda District Municipality public sector managers and to determine the impact of management leaders on innovative communication based on the analysis of scientific literature and empirical research. To achieve this goal, three tasks have been set: 1) to analyze the aspects of the concept of a leader-leader in the modern public sector; 2) to identify aspects of innovative communication in the modern public sector; 3) to determine the role of Klaipėda district municipality public sector leaders in shaping innovative communication. Research methods used in the work: analysis of scientific literature and sources, quantitative research method – questionnaire, analysis of the content of collected data. After the analysis of scientific literature and sources, the significance of the leader-leader in the public sector was reviewed, the essential aspects of the manager-leader and innovative communication were identified and the required competencies of the manager-leader in innovative public sector communication were determined. The results of the research revealed that the role of the manager in the public sector is quite significant, Klaipėda district municipality administration is focused on innovative changes, it promotes harmonious relations and communication culture, and it is found that managers in the organization are innovative and promote innovative communication
Peculiarities of children's religiosity in the middle childhood.
No full textThe paper discusses the features of the psychological development of middle childhood that interact with the development of a child 's faith. As a child grows, so does the faith, the maturity of which is influenced by the child's immediate environment - the family. The child's further environment - a school that is also religiously educated - has a great influence on the child's spiritual growth. The experiences of early childhood, especially the experience of a sense of security, influence the image of God. One element of the expression of a child's religiosity at this age is prayer. Based on the results of a study of the expression of religiosity in middle-school children, it can be stated that children pray mostly in their own words. It is important to allow the child to choose the nature of the prayer, because prayer alone with learned formulas may be less sincere and consistent. Children usually remember prayer when faced with failure or difficulty. The psychological characteristics of middle childhood influence the difficulties encountered in the practice of prayer and the celebration of the Eucharist. The growth of a person's religiosity and faith can be hindered by social conditions and psychological characteristics of the person. The mentioned aspects are explored in the fourth part of the work
Expression of leadership in the development of non-governmental organizations in the field of social work.
No full textThe practical relevance of the research. Strong and competent non-governmental organizations represent the country in international organizations, promote volunteering, increase civic and corporate social responsibility, raise funds from private donors and international foundations and organizations, or engage in commercial activities, thus creating social and economic value for the state. NGOs stem from the civic initiative and a desire to address pressing issues and needs that cannot be met by the government and the business sector. There is a shortage of talented leaders, so it is necessary to create a new generation of leaders and support current and future leaders. Leadership development programs for NGO leaders must incorporate best practices and existing practices, rather than applying traditional leadership training methods. Scientific relevance of the research. The current global environment for NGOs is defined by the uncertainty of fundraising, the effects of climate change, growing economic inequality, changing geopolitical dynamics, and greater interaction through the use of the Internet (Green, 2015). A review of the scientific literature shows that the level of implementation of strategic planning had a positive relationship with organizational effectiveness in social service organizations in Portugal (Ferreira, Proenca, 2015). The factors implementing the strategy influencing the effectiveness of the project in the NGO were leadership, culture, resource allocation, and structure (Ramadan, 2015). In addition, a recent study focusing on the impact of strategy drivers on project effectiveness in Warsaw, Poland, found supportive leadership and leadership to ensure NGO success (Okorley, Nkrumah, 2012). The above-mentioned research reveals the novelty of the research on the expression of leadership and the impact on the development of NGO activities in the field of social work. The research problem is defined by a problematic question: how is the leadership that develops the activities of NGOs in the field of social work? Research object: expression of leadership in the development of NGO activities in the field of social work. The aim: to analyze the expression of leadership in the development of NGO activities in the field of social work Research tasks: 1. To reveal the development of the activities of non-governmental organizations in response to topical issues in the field of social work. 2. To analyze leadership in the development of non-governmental organizations in the field of social work. 3. To study the expression of leadership in developing the activities of non-governmental organizations in the field of social work. Methodological research approaches. Modern theories of leadership were used to substantiate the object of the research, ontological leadership theories were based on the following authors: Alvenson (2012), Apost (2013), Atkočiūnienė (2019), Barvydiene (2009), Byrne, Dirgiene (2018), Fahrudin (2017), Miniotaite (2019), Nort-House (2012), Speacer (2004), Vaitkevičius (2016), Vanagu (2012), Vyšniauskiene (2012), etc. authors. For NGOs working in the field of social work, these modern theories of leadership are appropriate to describe a leader. Charismatic is when the basis of leadership is the wisdom and morality of the leader. Authentic leadership is based on values and goals. Servant leadership begins with a perceived desire to serve the solid. In shared leadership, each member of a group influences the other, while pursuing a common goal for the organization where each member can take responsibility. The expression of leadership in the epistemological aspect of an NGO operating in the field of social work was examined based on interpretive phenomenological analysis. The analysis of the findings of the study was based on the ideas of these phenomenologists. Husserl (2009), who was the creator of this method, looked at phenomenology as a way to discover true meanings by penetrating deeper into reality. According to Schutz (2009), the human being is the object to be studied. It is a preconceived, conscious experience directed at the other self. Hartman (2009) considered her ability to perceive and assimilate values to be an essential feature of her personality. Scheller (2009) argues that a person would lose his humanity if he focused only on formal values. The man also needs love. For Levin (2009), the interpersonal relationship is primarily ethical. Levin understands responsibility as responsibility for another person. The content of the work consists of the first part presenting the theoretical interpretation of the research, the second part containing the research methodology, and the third part presenting the results of the research. The content of the work consists of the first part presenting the theoretical interpretation of the research, the second part containing the research methodology, and the third part presenting the results of the research. The study sample, time, and place. The study involved 7 NGO leaders working in the field of social work. The interview took place from November 2021 – to January 2022. Most of the interviews took place in a live meeting in Klaipeda, Telsiai, and Taurage, and we met with research participants from Vilnius and Kaunas with the help of the Zoom program. Conclusions. The study revealed that a well-functioning third sector is an important player in the state to bring about social change. The main obstacles to the development of the non-governmental sector are the lack of active, responsible citizens, insufficient financial and administrative resources, and underdeveloped cooperation between the NGO sector and the authorities. The following modern theories of leadership that characterize a leader are appropriate for a non-governmental organization operating in the field of social work: charismatic, where leadership is based on the wisdom and morality of the leader and the charisma given by God. Authentic leadership is based on values and goals, and self-knowledge. Servant leadership begins with a perceived desire to serve the solid. Shared leadership, where each member of the group influences the other, simultaneously pursues the organization's common goal, where each member can take responsibility. Leaders, by constantly growing themselves, encourage the growth of followers, and at the same time, the whole organization grows. Examining the expression of leadership that develops the activities of non-governmental organizations in the field of social work, revealed that leaders in dynamic times are motivated by higher incentives, guided by values, able to accept new challenges and changing es, prep and care for themselves and their organizations for new goals, constantly improve themselves, help improve other people, reveal their best qualities and help volunteers take the lead themselves
The nurse teacher's pedagogical cooperation with students, the clinical learning environment and supervision in clinical practicum: a European cross-sectional study of graduating nursing students /
No full textA supportive clinical practicum experience may enhance the successful transition and socialization to working life of graduating nursing students. Nurse teachers have the main responsibility of supporting and guiding nursing students with their pedagogical expertise during the students’ clinical practicum. Thus, the clinical role of nurse teachers is seen as an essential part of a high-quality clinical practicum. Nursing students appreciate the nurse teacher’s cooperation with students, but it is often reported to be unattainable. The aim of this study was to explore and compare graduating nursing students’ experiences of the nurse teacher’s pedagogical cooperation with students, the clinical learning environment and supervision in their final clinical practicum, and to analyze factors associated with these experiences in six European countries