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Visuomenės sveikatos specialistų kompetencijų ugdymosi reikmės paaugliams teikiamų paslaugų specifikos aspektu /
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Blue mussel (Mytilus spp.) cultivation in mesohaline eutrophied inner coastal waters: mitigation potential, threats and cost effectiveness /
No full textThe EU-water framework directive (WFD) focuses on nutrient reductions to return coastal waters to the good ecological status. As of today, many coastal waters have reached a steady state of insufficient water quality due to continuous external nutrient inputs and internal loadings. This study focuses first on the current environmental status of mesohaline inner coastal waters to illustrate their needs of internal measures to reach demanded nutrient reductions and secondly, if mussel cultivation can be a suitable strategy to improve water quality. Therefore, nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and Secchi depth of nine mesohaline inner coastal waters in north east Germany were analyzed from 1990 to 2018. Two pilot mussel farms were used to evaluate their effectiveness as a mitigation measure and to estimate potential environmental risks, including the interactions with pathogenic vibrio bacteria. Further, estimated production and mitigation potential were used to assess economic profitability based on the sale of small sized mussels for animal feed and a compensation for nutrient mitigation. The compensation costs were derived from nutrient removal costs of a waste water treatment plant (WWTP). Results show that currently all nine water bodies do not reach the nutrient thresholds demanded by the WFD. However, coastal waters differ in nutrient pollution, indicating that some can reach the desired threshold values if internal measures are applied. The mitigation potential of mussel cultivation depends on the amount of biomass that is cultivated and harvested. However, since mussel growth is closely coupled to the salinity level, mussel cultivation in low saline environments leads to lower biomass production and inevitably to larger cultivation areas. If 50% of the case study area Greifswald Bay was covered with mussel farms the resulting nitrogen reduction would increase Secchi depth by 7.8 cm. However, high chlorophyll a values can hamper clearance rates (<20 mg m-3 = 0.43 l h-1 dry weight g-1) and therefore the mitigation potential. Also, the risk of mussel stock loss due to high summer water temperatures might affect the mitigation potential. The pilot farms had no significant effect on the total organic content of sediments beneath. However, increased values of Vibrio spp. in bio deposits within the pilot farm (1.43 106 ± 1.10 106CFU 100 ml-1 (reference site: 1.04 106 ± 1.45 106 CFU 100 ml-1) were measured with sediment traps. Hence, mussel farms might act as a sink for Vibrio spp. in systems with already high vibrio concentrations. However, more research is required to investigate the risks of Vibrio occurrence coupled to mussel farming. The economic model showed that mussel cultivation in environments below 12 PSU cannot be economic at current market prices for small size mussels and compensations based on nutrient removal cost of WWTPs
Moterų informuotumas apie gimdos kaklelio vėžį, jo prevencines ir profilaktines programas /
No full textProtection of public health in the context of national security.
No full textThe aim of this work is to evaluate the preparation of Lithuania and the EU to respond to the threat of infectious diseases outbreaks, the impact of COVID-19 on public health. The work consists of 3 main parts with subsections. The first chapter discusses the historical and theoretical aspects of “security” public health policy, which include the relationship between national security and health, infectious diseases, biological weapons, and their uses. The second chapter analyzes the EU and Lithuanian health policy. The third chapter examines how COVID-19 affects EU and Lithuanian health policy, general human well-being and social media. The analysis was based on the literature of Lithuanian and foreign scientists
The assessment of the sewage and sludge contamination by Phthalate Acid Esters (PAEs) in Eastern Europe countries /
No full textPhthalate acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as raw materials for industries that are well known for their environmental contamination and toxicological effects as “endocrine disruptors”. The determining of PAE contamination was based on analysis of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dipropyl phthalate (DPP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in wastewater and sediment samples collected from city sewer systems of Lithuania and Poland, and Denmark for comparison. The potential PAE sources as well as their concentrations in the wastewater were analyzed and discussed. The intention of the study was to determine the level and key sources of pollution by phthalates in some Eastern European countries and to reveal the successful managerial actions to minimize PAEs taken by Denmark. Water and sludge samples were collected in 2019–2020 and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The highest contamination with phthalates in Lithuania can be attributed to DEHP: up to 63% of total PAEs in water samples and up to 94% of total PAEs in sludge samples, which are primarily used as additive compounds to plastics but do not react with them and are gradually released into the environment. However, in water samples in Poland, the highest concentration belonged to DMP—up to 210 μg/L, while the share of DEHP reached 15 μg/L. The concentrations of priority phthalate esters in the water samples reached up to 159 μg/L (DEHP) in Lithuania and up to 1.2 μg/L (DEHP) in Denmark. The biggest DEHP concentrations obtained in the sediment samples were 95 mg/kg in Lithuania and up to 6.6 mg/kg in Denmark. The dominant compounds of PAEs in water samples of Lithuania were DEHP > DEP > DiBP > DBP > DMP. DPP and DCHP concentrations were less than 0.05 μg/L. However, the distribution of PAEs in the water samples from Poland was as follows: DMP > DEHP > DEP > DBP, and DiBP, as well as DPP and DCHP, concentrations were less than 0.05 μg/L. Further studies are recommended for adequate monitoring of phthalates in wastewater and sludge in order to reduce or/and predict phthalates’ potential risk to hydrobiots and human health
Education for resilience: how a combination of systemic and bottom-up changes in educational services can empower dryland communities in Africa and Central Asia /
No full textWe examined existing problems relevant for education in global drylands and discuss their potential solutions in four fields, crucial for properly functioning educational systems: (a) response to low population densities, (b) governance, (c) language of instruction and (d) mismatch between education and the labour market. Our analysis leads us to the formulation of nine policy recommendations that may help create an educational system that strengthens resilience of dryland communities in the face of ongoing climate change. Our recommendations underline the necessity to combine systemic solutions with bottom-up ideas and extrinsic help coming from involvement of diaspora and non-governmental organizations
The impact of electronic commerce on small scale businesses (Lagos state Nigeria) /
No full textThis paper examine the impact of electronic commerce on small scale business in Lagos Nigeria, and believes that electronic means of communication has been very useful in both micro and macro enterprises and has resulted to steady increase of productivity in their dealings from various organization. Lately, there has been a change from the level of patronage of electronic use when compare to now, buyers and sellers now understood the importance role of electronic commerce as it relate to trade. Furthermore, the positive impact of electronic marketing cannot be overemphasized in that through the relevant channels and medium of exchange products and commodity are reached within the stipulated time. These services has become reliable, affordable, and accessible within the reach of customers and retailers. The increasing numbers of people using electronic commerce are enormous and various techniques are put in place to ensure that needs of the people are attain. The data was presented in tables and analyzed through descriptive statistics such as mean measure, one sample statistics. The finding of this study reveals the role business structure played in ecommerce and also how small scale businesses use this structure in their perspective trade; it is helpful to customers and the sellers, in that it enable them build a cordial relationship as it relate to business. In addition electronic commerce has offer profitable services to small scale business holder, it has reduced transaction delay usually encounter by customers, business men and women, it has also enhance communication skills with partners
Border protection battalions in the Lithuanian armed defence system: analysis of the 1939 case of the 5th battalion.
No full textIn a small state in which a larger part of its territory could be occupied very quickly by a much more powerful enemy, it is very important to win time for the mobilisation of the army in any situation which warrants such a mobilisation. For this purpose, covering teams were assigned by the Lithuanian Armed Forces, which consisted of regular units, while separate border protection battalions (hereinafter referred to as BPBs) were mobilised separately from the armed forces, and only in the event of there being a specific threat of military conflict. In the autumn of 1939, following the military conflict in neighbouring countries, the mobilisation of BPBs was announced. These covering units were formed near the state border, and were expected to be the first to meet and stop the enemy, thereby carrying out the required covering duties and winning time for the mobilisation of the main army units. This study, which is based on primary sources, analyses the activities of the 5th BPB in the period between 1 September and 15 November 1939, taking a closer look at the formation of the battalion, the reliability and loyalty of the state’s conscripts, the organisation of the services, the tasks which were being carried out, the preparations of the battalion, logistics, and everyday activities, and looking at their potential combat power and the situation at their duty location. To achieve the aim of the study, it was necessary to examine the historiographical material and primary sources and, therefore, a method of analysis was used which is also prevalent in scientific literature and archival documents. [...]
Valorization of marine waste: use of industrial by-products and beach wrack towards the production of high added-value products /
No full textBiomass is defined as organic matter from living organisms represented in all kingdoms. It is recognized to be an excellent source of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids and, as such, embodies a tailored feedstock for new products and processes to apply in green industries. The industrial processes focused on the valorization of terrestrial biomass are well established, but marine sources still represent an untapped resource. Oceans and seas occupy over 70% of the Earth’s surface and are used intensively in worldwide economies through the fishery industry, as logistical routes, for mining ores and exploitation of fossil fuels, among others. All these activities produce waste. The other source of unused biomass derives from the beach wrack or washed-ashore organic material, especially in highly eutrophicated marine ecosystems. The development of high-added-value products from these side streams has been given priority in recent years due to the detection of a broad range of biopolymers, multiple nutrients and functional compounds that could find applications for human consumption or use in livestock/pet food, pharmaceutical and other industries. This review comprises a broad thematic approach in marine waste valorization, addressing the main achievements in marine biotechnology for advancing the circular economy, ranging from bioremediation applications for pollution treatment to energy and valorization for biomedical applications. It also includes a broad overview of the valorization of side streams in three selected case study areas: Norway, Scotland, and the Baltic Sea