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Dendrokronologisk undersøgelse af prøve udtaget fra tømmer fundet i forbindelse med arkæologisk undersøgelse, Rådhusgaten, Tønsberg, Norge
No full textPopulation genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
No full textWestern Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1,2,3,4,5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populatio
Harbour porpoise<i> (Phocoena phocoena)</i> in the Wadden Sea World Heritage Site and requirements for trilateral monitoring
Get PDFThe harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is considered part of the ‘Outstanding Universal Value’ characterisingthe Wadden Sea World Heritage Site (WS WHS). The Trilateral Wadden Sea Plan aims to preserve the conservationstatus of the Trilateral Wadden Sea Cooperation Area, encompassing the WS WHS. The plan has specified twoconservation targets for the harbour porpoise: (1) viable stocks and a natural reproduction capacity and (2) conservationof habitat quality for its conservation. To assess the current occurrence of the harbour porpoise in the WaddenSea area, we collated and analysed data from regional and national research projects using telemetry, aerial surveys,strandings and passive acoustic monitoring, obtained over the years 1990–2020. The results illustrate that porpoisesoccur in both offshore and intertidal waters, showing seasonal movements and changes in local occurrence over time.Some porpoises displayed limited home ranges throughout the year, suggesting a possible residency for some of theanimals using the Wadden Sea area. We also showed that methods, frequency and spatial coverage of monitoringactivities vary among the countries Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. We discuss the suitability of the differentmethods both regarding the challenges of monitoring in the complex Wadden Sea habitat as well as their abilityto target the conservation aims of the WHS. We give several recommendations to assess the status of the species tomeet the identified conservation aims.The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is considered part of the ‘Outstanding Universal Value’ characterising the Wadden Sea World Heritage Site (WS WHS). The Trilateral Wadden Sea Plan aims to preserve the conservation status of the Trilateral Wadden Sea Cooperation Area, encompassing the WS WHS. The plan has specified two conservation targets for the harbour porpoise: (1) viable stocks and a natural reproduction capacity and (2) conservation of habitat quality for its conservation. To assess the current occurrence of the harbour porpoise in the Wadden Sea area, we collated and analysed data from regional and national research projects using telemetry, aerial surveys, strandings and passive acoustic monitoring, obtained over the years 1990–2020. The results illustrate that porpoises occur in both offshore and intertidal waters, showing seasonal movements and changes in local occurrence over time. Some porpoises displayed limited home ranges throughout the year, suggesting a possible residency for some of the animals using the Wadden Sea area. We also showed that methods, frequency and spatial coverage of monitoring activities vary among the countries Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. We discuss the suitability of the different methods both regarding the challenges of monitoring in the complex Wadden Sea habitat as well as their ability to target the conservation aims of the WHS. We give several recommendations to assess the status of the species to meet the identified conservation aims
Begravet i tidens støv: Her er kvinderne, arkæologien glemte
No full textSelvom kvinder gennem historien har spillet en central rolle i arkæologiske opdagelser, er deres bidrag ofte blevet overset. Mød de modige kvinde
Mønter og fiskeben:En middelalderlig landsby ved Eriksholm
No full textDen middelalderlige landbebyggelse har været stedmoderligtbehandlet i forskningsøjemed. Slots- ogKulturstyrelsens arkæologiske strategier peger på enrække felter, hvor fokus har svigtet.1 Vi ved kun lidtom forskellige leveformer i et landsbysamfund, omboligens indretning og udvikling, om landsbyernessubsistensgrundlag, om hverdagens håndværk ogspecialiseret produktion, og om landsbyernes bidragtil samfundsudviklingen gennem en agrar overproduktion.Ikke mindst det sidste har været tolket somafgørende for forståelsen af en samfundsudviklingmod et mere centraliseret samfund, der netop byggedesit økonomiske overskud og hierarkiske magt påakkumulerede værdier fra en overproduktion i landbruget.2 Ved at udvide kendskabet til den middelalderligelandbebyggelse kan vi skabe en mere nuanceretforståelse af samfundsstrukturen og -udviklingen.Der er behov for at se på sociale og kulturelle aspekterfor at nuancere et traditionelt fokus på økonomiske,retslige og administrative aspekter funderet i enhistorisk forskningstradition fremfor en arkæologisk.Nærværende artikel tager udgangspunkt i en arkæologiskundersøgelse af en middelalderlig landbebyggelsepå Eriksholm Gods marker syd for Holbæk.3Lokaliteten synes på mange måder særegen og udviseren kompleks og sammensat karakter, der synesat række langt ud over en agrar subsistensøkonomi
Rewetting in Åmosen to reduce CO2 emission and protect archaeological sites:Report from GIS course at DTU Space
No full text”Jeg gemmer kun det jeg ikke kan huske”:Danske scenekunstneres dokumentationspraksis i det 21. århundrede
No full textDen digitale bevægelse i samfundet, har påvirket kunstprakssiser, udtryksformer og skabt en øget bevidsthed blandt kunstnere om arkiver og arkivskabelse. Det udfordrer arkivdannelsen, og der skal etableres nye indsamlingsstrategier, for at sikre at kulturarven bevares. Derfor er det vigtigt at spørge hvad der gemmes for hvem.Igennem interviews med ti scenekunstnere, der ikke bruger teatermanuskriptet som værkforlæg, undersøges hvad kunstnerne selv gemmer, og hvad der er brug for af arkivrester ved en genopsætning eller nyfortolkning af et værk. Undersøgelsen tager udgangspunkt i scenekunstarkivet som et levende arkiv, der er en del af et kunstnerisk kredsløb.Med afsæt i en konkretakse og en omfangsakse placeres scenekunstnernes arkiver. Der lægges særlig vægt på dokumentation af værket, dokumentation af processen og dokumentation af oplevelsen i undersøgelsen af hvad scenekunstnerne gemmer. Endvidere foreslås en akse, der handler om arkivaliers tidssensitivitet. Det er ikke ideologi, der gør at scenekunsten ikke bevares af den enkelte kunstner i undersøgelsen, men et spørgsmål om tilfældigheder, økonomi i forhold til optagelse og opbevaring. Som det fremgår af undersøgelsen, er der en tendens til at gemme materialer, der får egne værkerne til at fremstå som de var intenderede, ligesom de digitale online arkiver flere af kunstnerne har, såkaldte frontstage arkiver, adskiller sig fra de arkivalier de gemmer backstage, privat. Der spores også en ny tendens blandt nogle af kunstnerne, hvor værket dokumenteres af publikum i værket, hvilket sætter spørgsmålstegn ved materialets udsigelsespotentiale: Er det en del af værket eller er det en perception af værket, der kan sidestilles med anmeldelsen? Ved behovet for arkivmaterialer til genopsætning eller nyfortolkning er der ikke nødvendigvis behov for det samme som kunstnerne har gemt: her efterspørges den nøgtern videodokumentation, værknotationer, intentionen fra kunstnerens side i egne ord, i nogle tilfælde optagelser fra prøver og kontakt til kroppene der fremførte værket, for derved at få indsigt i metoden. Det er meget tydeligt, at der for de interviewede er behov for et samspil imellem bestemte typer af arkivstumper.Overraskende nok, var der ikke en sammenhæng imellem egen kunstneriske udtryksform (durational, relationel, ordløs) og den udfordring der kan ligge i at dokumentere et ikke lineært værk, og hvad der efterspurgtes i forhold til dokumentation ved opsætning. Endelig kortlægger undersøgelsen kunstnernes tanker om forskellige afrapporteringsformater, hvor både økonomi og transparens om formål spiller ind som vigtige motivationsfaktorer.<br/
Thrown stone for flesh and bone?:‘White’ stones in sacrificial context in Iron Age Scandinavia
No full textGyldne møntlignende smykker fra 700-årenes Mellemøsten
No full textEt par fund af møntimiterende smykker fra Ribes 700-tals kulturlag fremlægges og sammenlignes med tilsvarende fund fra Sverige, Nederlandene og England