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Continental European Plain
No full textThis chapter focuses on presenting changes in the material culture from the ninth–fourth millennia bc, in the Northern and Eastern European Plains territory. Most of the data is based on literature and our own analyses carried out on selected C14 dated sites. We focus on the diversity in the lithic materials and the technology of blade production. The tool typology and lithic technology are characterized within the archaeological cultures Komornica, Butovo/Kunda, Kudlaevka, Chojnice-Pieńki, and Janisławice. This nomenclature is still used in the literature, but the perception of the cultures has shifted from perceiving them as societies to treating them as basic terminology to describe the most common groups of Mesolithic materials
From Wilderness to Pasture - Bronze Age Grazing Landscapes in Thy, Northwest Denmark
No full textSince the 1990s, when S. T. Andersen and B. Odgaard compared pollen records from western Jutland and Thy, it has been clear that the rise in heathland pollen percentages at Lake Solsø in west Jutland and the increase in grassland pollen in the Lake Ove diagram from Thy represent parallel phenomena. Beginning with the Single Grave culture, the grasslands of Thy expanded significantly, reaching their peak during the Early Bronze Age due to population growth. In the pollen record from Lake Ove, this grassland expansion is subsequently followed by an increase in heathland during the Late Bronze Age. This article explores the relationship between human activity and landscape development, drawing on a new quantitative landscape reconstruction based on pollen data from Lake Ove. Particular attention is given to the formation of grasslands and heathlands during the Bronze Age.More than five thousand years ago, the Neolithic communities of Northern Europe began to expand the open heather-based ecosystem that we know as heathlands. Through a combination of fire and grazing their livestock, humans cleared the post-glacial forests and expanded the niche for Calluna vulgaris (heather) and other heathland plants. Heather, an evergreen shrub, served as a vital resource – for winter grazing, for fuel, for tools, for thatch, for byre-bedding, and as fertiliser. The multiple affordances of heather meant that the Calluna heathlands, over time, became deeply embedded in the evolving domestic and funerary architecture. In these heathland landscapes, wide networks of mobility, transhumance and exchange developed
Hvad betyder velfærd?:Et studie af borgeres forståelser af velfærd
Get PDFUnder pres, i krise eller ligefrem dødt. Sådan beskrives velfærdssamfundet ofte i den offentlige diskurs. Som noget vi er ved at miste eller som måske allerede har mistet sin betydning i Danmark. Men hvad siger befolkningen? Hvordan forstår borgere i Danmark velfærd? Det undersøger vi i denne artikel, der præsenterer et studie af velfærds betydning set ud fra et borgerperspektiv. Metodisk kombinerer studiet tre undersøgelser, der aktiverer forskellige forståelseshorisonter: En holdningsundersøgelse, en interviewundersøgelse og en dagliglivsundersøgelse. Det giver os mulighed for at udforske og analysere forståelsesmæssige nuancer, der tydeligt viser, at kriseterminologien ikke kan stå alene. Artiklen opfordrer dermed til refleksion omkring, hvad vi vægter i undersøgelser af velfærd og i den offentlige velfærdsdebat
Anti-icing properties of polar bear fur
Get PDFThe polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is the only Arctic land mammal that dives into water to hunt. Despite thermalinsulation provided by blubber and fur layers and low Arctic temperatures, their fur is typically observed to be freeof ice. This study investigates the anti-icingproperties of polar bear fur. Here, we show that polar bear fur exhibitslow ice adhesion strengths comparable to fluorocarbon-coatedfibers, with the low ice adhesion a consequence ofthe fur sebum (hair grease). Lipid analyses reveal the presence of cholesterol, diacylglycerols, anteisomethyl-branchedfatty acids, and the unexpected absence of squalene. Quantum chemical calculations predict low iceadsorption energies for identified lipids and high adsorption for squalene, suggesting that sebum composition isresponsible for the observed anti-icingproperties. Our work enhances understanding of polar bears and their interactionswith their environment and builds on Inuit knowledge of natural anti-icingmaterials.The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is the only Arctic land mammal that dives into water to hunt. Despite thermal insulation provided by blubber and fur layers and low Arctic temperatures, their fur is typically observed to be free of ice. This study investigates the anti-icing properties of polar bear fur. Here, we show that polar bear fur exhibits low ice adhesion strengths comparable to fluorocarbon-coated fibers, with the low ice adhesion a consequence of the fur sebum (hair grease). Lipid analyses reveal the presence of cholesterol, diacylglycerols, anteisomethyl-branched fatty acids, and the unexpected absence of squalene. Quantum chemical calculations predict low ice adsorption energies for identified lipids and high adsorption for squalene, suggesting that sebum composition is responsible for the observed anti-icing properties. Our work enhances understanding of polar bears and their interactions with their environment and builds on Inuit knowledge of natural anti-icing materials
