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Ramadan effect on levothyroxine use in hypothyroid: a single center experience
No full textAim: We aimed to determine the effect of levothyroxine (LT4) use at iftar or suhur during Ramadan, compared to other times, on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 (FT4) levels. Materials and Methods: 245 patients with primary hypothyroidism receiving LT4 treatment were included in our study. The patients were divided into those who used LT4 within 30 minutes to 1 hour before the iftar meal (dinner) (group 1) and those who used LT4 within 30 minutes to 1 hour before the suhur meal (pre-dawn meal) (group 2). The TSH and FT4 values of the patients in the 4 weeks before Ramadan were compared with the TSH and FT4 values in the 1-4 weeks after Ramadan. Results: The change in drug intake time (suhur /iftar) did not have a significant effect on FT4 and TSH values (p > 0.050). While there was no dose change after Ramadan in 70.2% (n = 172) patients, the need for medication increased in 18% (n = 44) and decreased in 11.8% (n = 29). When FT4 and TSH levels were compared before and after Ramadan, the LT4 dose change in patients taking medication at suhur was higher than those taking medication at iftar, but it was not found to be statistically significant. Discussion: The most important parameter in the treatment of hypothyroidism is ensuring continuity in drug treatment. In Ramadan, unlike other months, drug use during suhur /iftar times did not create a significant difference in treatment
Turkish NGOs in global governance - insights from ECOSOC engagements
No full textThis article offers the first empirical analysis of Turkish NGOs' engagement with global governance through the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). Addressing a significant gap in the literature, it examines Turkish NGOs' access to and participation in ECOSOC-an underexplored area despite Turkey's expanding role within the UN system. The analysis draws on previously unexamined UN archival materials from ECOSOC meetings between 1995 and 2024 and incorporates 21 interviews with Turkish NGOs that hold or seek ECOSOC consultative status. Together, these sources provide robust evidence on the evolving roles, challenges, and strategies of Turkish NGOs in global governance
Impact of therapeutic play and music therapy on dental anxiety and pain perception in pediatric patients: a clinical study
No full textTherapeutic play and music therapy are promising behavioral techniques that could effectively reduce dental anxiety and pain perception. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of therapeutic play and music therapy on dental anxiety and pain levels in pediatric patients undergoing tooth extraction. 126 children aged 6–8 years who required maxillary molar extraction were divided into three groups (n = 42): control (Tell-Show-Do), music therapy, and therapeutic play groups. Vital signs (eg, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and body temperature) were recorded, while the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale for faces (MCDASf) and the Facial Image Scale (FIS) were used for analysis before and after extraction. The Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) was used post-extraction. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s Chi-squared test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis test, paired samples T-test, and Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test. All groups showed significant reductions in MCDASf and FIS scores (p < 0.001), with the greatest decrease seen in the therapeutic play group. There was no significant difference in physiological parameters, although all groups showed increased heart rate and blood pressure. WBFPRS scores were lowest in the therapeutic play group (p < 0.001). Therapeutic play and music therapy can reduce dental anxiety and pain perception, thereby improving treatment compliance
Genesis of Kaiama gold mineralization, northcentral Nigeria: Evidence from fluid inclusion and stable O–H isotope
No full textThe Kaiama gold deposit, located within the Proterozoic basement complex of northcentral Nigeria, is hosted predominantly in structurally controlled quartz-sulfide veins emplaced within mylonitized quartzite and talc schist units. The mineralization is spatially associated with NE–SW-trending ductile shear zones, interpreted as subsidiary structures of the regionally extensive Anka–Yauri fault system. While gold occurrences in Nigeria have been widely documented, the origin and evolution of the ore-forming fluids have continued to be a subject of debate. This study integrates fluid inclusion petrography, microthermometric analysis, and stable isotope (δ18O and δD) geochemistry to unravel the physicochemical conditions and fluid sources involved in the mineralization process. Detailed petrographic examination identifies a sulfide assemblage comprising pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, and sphalerite, with quartz, sericite, and feldspar as the dominant gangue minerals. Fluid inclusion petrography revealed three distinct fluid types: Type I (carbonic aqueous three-phase fluids), Type II (vapour rich biphasic fluids), and Type III (liquid rich biphasic fluids), whose coexistence indicates fluid mixing as a key ore-forming mechanism. Microthermometric measurements yielded homogenization temperatures ranging from 169 °C to 339 °C and salinities between 0.4 and 15.3 wt% NaCl equivalent, consistent with low-to moderate-temperature, moderately saline hydrothermal fluids. Stable isotope compositions of fluid inclusions (δ18O_water = +1.57 ‰ to +7.07 ‰; δD_water = −114 ‰ to −33 ‰) point to a mixed fluid source, involving both metamorphic and meteoric components. Collectively, the results suggest that structurally focused fluid flow and mixing of contrasting fluid sources played a pivotal role in the precipitation of gold at Kaiama
Çay Bitkisinin Gübrelenmesi ( Yapay Gübreler)
No full textÇay Tarımı Dersi 11. Hafta Ders Notu Konusu : Çay Bitkisinin Gübrelenmesi ( Yapay Gübreler
Memory-dependent wave dynamics in micropolar thermoelastic solid with Klein-Gordon nonlocal effect
No full textThis study develops a novel thermoelastic model for an unbounded micropolar half-space produced by a magnetic field having constant intensity. A novel spatiotemporal nonlocal elasticity theory is proposed by taking into account one dynamical scalar nonlocal kernel. In line with the theory, an isotropic nonlocal elasticity model of the Klein-Gordon type is formulated, incorporating both a characteristic internal length scale and an essential internal time scale parameter. The Moore-Gibson-Thompson theory, which is adjacent to the memory responses, governs the micropolar medium’s heat transport mechanism. While the boundary is free of traction, the micropolar medium experiences a time-harmonic thermal loading. The solutions to the governing equations have been obtained using Laplace and Fourier transform techniques. Numerical estimates of each of the physical fields have been performed for the analysis of the effectiveness of the nonlocality parameters of space and time, the micropolar parameters and the time-delay also. The significance of various kernels involved in the heat conduction process and the influence of magnetic field have also been concluded
Microplastic contamination and ecological risk assessment in two tree frog species (Hyla orientalis and Hyla savignyi) across Turkiye
No full textThis study was conducted to investigate the presence of microplastics (MPs) in individuals of Hyla orientalis and Hyla savignyi, two tree frog species naturally distributed in T & uuml;rkiye, to determine the qualitative and quantitative distribution of these particles in their gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) and to analyze their morphological (color, shape, size) and chemical (polymer type) properties in detail. A total of 276 individuals were examined within the scope of the research, 76 of which belonged to H. orientalis and 200 to H. savignyi. A total of 192 microplastic particles were detected in their GITs, and the average size of these particles was determined to be 206.56 +/- 12.88 mu m. The most common microplastic type was PET (67.20%), its shape was fiber (76.00%), and its color was navy blue (25.50%). The highest proportion of microplastic-containing individuals was observed in H. savignyi (56.50%), and microplastic was found in only 11.84% of H. orientalis individuals. No statistically significant difference was found between the two species in terms of polymer type, microplastic shape, and color (p > 0.05). Data obtained from 24 different provinces across T & uuml;rkiye indicate that microplastic contamination has a wide geographical distribution. The highest microplastic amount was recorded from Hatay-Hassa (44 pieces), followed by Kilis and Bitlis provinces. Significant differences were found between provinces in terms of color, shape, and polymer type (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that microplastic pollution is widespread in terrestrial vertebrates and may vary among species and geographic regions, suggesting that amphibians may be important bioindicators for monitoring ecosystem health
Growth study of Sarpa salpa in the Aegean Sea using three growth models
No full textIn the Mediterranean, Salema Sarpa salpa is among the most economically important coastal fishes. Yet a major gap in its region-specific, and sex-disaggregated data on biology and growth constraining both precise stock assessments and long ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies in the eastern Mediterranean. To address this data deficiency, this study presents an integrative analysis of the species' biological traits, growth parameters, and population structure in İzmir Bay (eastern Aegean Sea, western Türkiye), using a full annual sampling of 319 individuals. Caught individuals comprised 105 males, 82 females, and 132 hermaphrodites. Total length ranged from 16.7 to 38.0 cm, with the most frequent class lengths being 24.1–27.0 cm (29 %) and 27.1–30.0 cm (25 %). The species exhibited isometric growth (b ≈ 3), indicating that weight increases proportionally with length, while gonadosomatic index trends revealed that spawning occurs mainly in autumn. Among the three tested growth models (von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, Logistic), the von Bertalanffy model provided the best fit for the overall population (L∞ ≈ 46.6 cm, K ≈ 0.08), the Gompertz model for males (L∞ ≈ 35.9 cm, K ≈ 0.20), and the von Bertalanffy again for females and hermaphrodites (L∞ ≈ 38–43 cm). These findings indicate proportional length–weight growth and an autumn spawning period. Analysis of otoliths indicated that age-length relationships followed smooth growth patterns, with female size exceeding males in later age classes. Collected data on Sarpa salpa in İzmir Bay provides valuable baseline data for this species’ regional biology; knowledge crucial to fishery management, stock assessment, and ecological monitoring that may serve as a foundation for sustainable conservation of the Aegean Sea
Speed breeding in perennial fruit crops as a novel strategy to reduce generation period
No full textSpeed breeding has transformed plant breeding by reducing the generation period of annual crops, yet its potential as a tool to accelerate genetic gain in perennial fruit crops has not been fully explored. Perennial crops including apple and walnuts face a major bottleneck in breeding owing to their extensive juvenile stage, which delays the assessment and selection of desired traits. This review and conceptual framework explore a novel integration of speed breeding with strategic use of early-bearing genotypes as intermediate parents in hybridization programs to expedite cultivars development. In apples, the strategy involves utilizing columnar varieties, while in walnuts, lateral-bearing genotypes are employed to introduce early fruiting traits into elite genetic backgrounds. In addition, speed breeding can be complemented by high throughput phenotyping and precision breeding techniques to increase selection accuracy and maximize genetic gain. By implementing these strategies, breeders can decrease generation period and enhance breeding efficiency as they strive to satisfy the increasing global demands for high-yielding, resilient perennial fruit cultivars. This forward-looking strategy aims to redefine the perennial fruit crop development, ensuring sustainability and productivity while addressing the pressing challenges of climate change and food security
SPINK5 variants drive clinical variability in netherton syndrome through Th2/Th17 skewing and influence therapeutic outcomes
No full textBackground: Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare genetic disorder resulting from biallelic mutations in the serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) gene, which encodes the lymphoepithelial Kazal-type–related inhibitor (LEKTI). Although currently classified as a hyper-IgE syndrome, several manifestations contradict this categorization. Data on genotype-phenotype correlations remain limited, and pediatric outcomes of biologic therapies are inconsistent. Objective: This study investigated the clinical, immunological features, genotype-phenotype correlations, and pediatric outcomes of various systemic and biologic therapies in detail. Methods: Clinical, immunological, and treatment data from 8 patients were collected in a mixed retrospective-prospective design. Variants were categorized based on the affected bioreactive fragments (FR1-FR5) of the LEKTI protein. Results: Among 6 SPINK5 variants, including 2 novel ones, 4 FR1-related variants were linked to severe phenotypes, whereas 2 FR5-related variants were associated with milder disease. The onset of skin features was significantly earlier in patients with allergic manifestations than in those without. Although no intrinsic developmental defects in T or B cells were identified, skin barrier disruption was associated with immune activation and skewing toward Th2/Th17 responses. Notably, increased programmed cell death protein-1 expression, expansion of CD4+IL-17+ T cells, and reduced frequencies of IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T cells correlated with clinical disease severity. In scaly erythroderma, secukinumab was most effective for scaling, whereas dupilumab was more effective for pruritus. The efficacy of dupilumab and infliximab was temporary, with rebound skin lesions observed during follow-up. Immunoglobulin therapy supported growth but revealed variable skin benefits. Conclusion: The described findings support the concept of indirect immune dysregulation in NS due to a defective skin barrier, emphasizing the need for therapies that extend beyond single cytokine or receptor blockade