Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences
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A Case of Atypical Delayed Anaphylaxis to Rifampin
Get PDFRifampin is a mainstay in anti-tuberculosis therapy and is generally well tolerated and safe to take at therapeutic dosing. While anaphylactic reactions to rifampin are exceedingly rare, prompt recognition and awareness is vital to patient safety, and alternative medications should be considered desensitization has been associated with significant morbidity. Here we report a case of a severe anaphylactic reaction to rifampin. A 65-year-old Asian woman was diagnosed with active tuberculosis and initiated on rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (RIPE). A couple of weeks after initiating RIPE therapy, she developed urticaria and angioedema and therapy was held. Upon resumption of RIPE, she developed emesis, fever, chills, perioral cyanosis, and hypotension within a few hours of the first dose. She was admitted to the intensive care unit for a rifampin graded dose challenge and subsequently developed a severe anaphylactic reaction to rifampin four hours after the final dose of the challenge. She tolerated desensitization to isoniazid and ethambutol well and was prescribed an alternative anti-tuberculosis regimen of isoniazid, ethambutol, levofloxacin, and pyridoxine for a total of 18 months to complete her treatment
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure in Turkish Female University Students
Get PDFIntroduction: Body comparison intervention may be a key way of preventing the risk of eating disorders; however, no validated measure exists to evaluate this construct in Turkey. This study translates the body, eating, and exercise comparison orientation measure (BEECOM) into the Turkish language and assesses its reliability and validity among Turkish university students.Methods: This study was conducted with 388 female university students in a single center in Ankara, Turkey, between November 2018 and March 2019. Participants with a diagnosis or history of eating disorders were excluded. Reliability, validity, and test-retest relationships were examined. Cronbach’s alpha analysis was performed to evaluate reliability and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to determine the test-retest reliability. The validity of the scale was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the BEECOM was 0.841 and the test-retest reliability was 0.716. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df = 0.828) and satisfactory model fit statistics (RMSEA = 0.000, GFI = 0.991) were sufficient. When the confirmatory factor analyses are examined, all subscales, body, eating, and exercise, are statistically significant.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Turkish version of the BEECOM is a valid and reliable measurement and can be used to investigate social comparisons related to body, eating, and exercise among Turkish women
Smart Hall’s Technique - An Innovative and Minimally Invasive Novel Option for Managing Carious Primary Molars-A Case Report
Get PDFSmart Hall’s technique can be one of the options to arrest the progression of dental caries which involves the application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to carious molars and restoring them with Glass ionomer cement followed by placement of stainless steel crown. This case report describes the management of multiple carious primary molars using Smart Hall’s technique in a 5-year-old patient who presented with a high dental anxiety. The treatment plan for this particular patient was divided into two phases (a) Preventive and (b) Restorative. SDF was applied to all carious molars and the teeth were restored using Glass ionomer cement followed by Stainless Steel crowns. The bite was initially raised after crown placement which settled gradually after a few weeks follow-up. This innovative approach of restoring primary molars using Smart Hall’s technique negates the need for invasive treatment under local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia
An Ethereal Study of Drakshavaleha and Punarnavadi Mandura in Managing Pandu Roga with Special Reference to Iron Deficiency Anemia
Get PDFIntroduction: Anemia is a public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. We can find the references for numerous medications indicated for the treatment of Pandu in various treatises of Ayurveda. The formulations Punarnavadi Mandura and Drakshavaleha when administered in combination are supposed to act as iron and nutrition supplement, which will improve the overall health of the patients especially females of reproductive age group. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the probable mode of action of Drakshavaleha and P. Mandura in Pandu Roga w.s.r to iron deficiency anemia. Materials and Methods: The information in this article is centered on various articles published in indexed and non-indexed journals of Ayurveda and Contemporary medical sciences, Ayurveda Samhitas, and their respective commentaries and textbooks of concerned subjects of both Ayurveda and Modern Medicine. Results: The ingredients of Drakshavaleha and P. Mandura mainly possess activities such as immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, and bio-availability enhancers which can act collectively against the symptomatology of P. roga. Ingredients such as ManduraBhasma, Gomutra, Punarnava, Haridra, and Guda are proven to enhance the process of erythropoiesis. Conclusion: Based on the review, it can be considered that P. Mandura, a poly herb-mineral formulation and Drakshavaleha, a Naimittika Rasayana which can act as nutritional supplement, can counteract most of the pathological manifestations related to Pandu
A Case of Full Mouth Rehabilitation of a 5-year-old Child with Severe Early Childhood Caries
Get PDFAn important health problem worldwide that adversely impacts infants and children’s oral health is early childhood caries. Early loss of primary teeth due to trauma or caries can result in decreased masticatory function, reduced esthetics, incorrect pronunciation of sounds, and the development of aberrant oral habits. Every child has a fundamental right to live happily and healthily; therefore, it should be addressed and managed to prevent further complications. This case report gives insight into the dental rehabilitation of the patient with mutilated primary dentition
A Study on Health-care Utilization and Health-care Seeking Behavior of People Approaching Two Institutions (Ayurveda and Allopathic PHCs) in Vengara Panchayat of Malappuram District, Kerala
Get PDFBackground: To make health for all a reality, we need individuals and communities with access to high-quality health services to take care of their health and of their families. There is a need to undertake a more systematic analysis to examine AYUSH and Allopathic care utilization across regional, socioeconomic, and demographic groups. In a country like India, which is home to many traditional medicine systems, it is also essential to understand how Ayush coexists with allopathic system. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional study design using a self-made questionnaire to find healthcare utilization and healthcare-seeking behaviour. Results: Factors determining health-care utilization such as prior experience in care (AOR 3.47; 95% CI 0.52–23.37), affordability (AOR 11.48; 95% CI 2.31–57.08), availability of essential medicines and their quality (AOR 35.28; 95% CI 5.32–234.20), and acceptability of treatment (AOR 4.51; 95% CI 0.91–22.41) were shown to be a positive predictor for choosing Allopathic PHC. At the same time, healthcare services such as screening and basic management of mental health ailments (AOR 0.20; 95% CI 0.02–2.26) and care in pregnancy and childbirth (AOR 0.54; 95% CI 0.12–2.32) were shown to be negative predictors for allopathic. Conclusion: The study findings highlighted the need for systematic information on the usage of healthcare services and people’s healthcare-seeking behaviours. It would help policymakers and stakeholders set up specific strategies to ensure the effective utilization and distribution of existing resources and enforce the country’s sufficient delivery of healthcare services
Nutrient Diversity and its Association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Urban Indian Population
Get PDFBackground: Nutrient diversity is one of the key factors of a balanced diet because of its correlation with macronutrients and micronutrients. Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess daily dietary intake and get urban Indian data based on the regional dietary intake of the subjects. Materials and Methods: Nutrient diversity was inferred using a food frequency questionnaire and 24-h dietary recall along with other variables such as demographic data, income, education, lifestyle, number of meals per day, and addictions. Average, mean, and standard deviation were calculated for all of these. Results: Results showed a positive correlation between nutrient diversity and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The average dietary intake of the study showed that the subjects consumed a diet high in carbohydrates and fat while the protein and micronutrient intake was on the lower side. A large variation was observed in the average nutrient intake from different food groups. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the nutrient diversity amongst the subjects is an indicator to risk of diabetes and pre–diabetes
Level of Inflammation and its Association with Pain, Physical Functioning and KL-Grade in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Get PDFBackground: Knee osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative arthritis, causes a progressive loss of articular cartilage. In recent years, there has been a shift in the understanding of OA from a “wear and tear” disease to an “inflammatory” condition. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the level of inflammation and to evaluate the relationship between inflammation, pain, physical functioning, and Kellgren Lawrence (KL)-grade in patients with knee OA. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with radiographic evidence of knee OA (KL Grade I/II/III) were cross-sectionally analyzed. Data about their anthropometry, inflammatory markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate-(ESR), pain, and physical functioning were collected. Results: The mean hsCRP among the patient population was 4.6 ± 4.0 mg/L and the mean ESR was 40.4 ± 21.8 mm/h. There was a strong significant association of visual analog scale (VAS) pain score with hsCRP (r = 0.353; P = 0.005) and ESR (r = 0.269; P = 0.036). There was a strong significant association of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index score with hsCRP (r = 0.415; P = 0.001) and ESR (r = 0.413, P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in hsCRP or ESR when classified according to KL-grade (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The level of inflammation is high in knee OA patients. Inflammation is significantly associated with pain intensity and physical functioning in knee OA patients. However, there is no significant difference in hsCRP, ESR, and VAS when classified according to KL-grade. This emphasizes the need to study inflammatory markers in addition to radiographic evidence for informed clinical decision-making
Recent Progress in Biomarker Detection in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases
Get PDFCardiorenal syndrome is a clinical condition in which there is a correlation between heart and kidney diseases. In recent times, many biomarkers have been studied in patients with cardiovascular diseases for developing proper knowledge of renal function and identifying patients who are more susceptible to chronic or acute deterioration of renal function. Because diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of a single time point biomarker is limited, biomarkers should be combined and monitored at multiple times for optimal clinical impact. This review mainly lays emphasis on the potential clinical uses of the biomarkers in cardiorenal syndrome, recent advancements of biomarkers in developing therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease, and classification of different types of biomarkers as well as highlights classic heart failure biomarkers with critical values adjusted to glomerular filtration rate and summarizes research progress of new heart failure biomarkers and future research directions
Effects of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on the Immune System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Challenged Hamsters
Get PDFThe severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 observed in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus disease have created controversy as to why this was the case and the role of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin enzyme inhibitors was not ruled out as a contributing factor. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and ARBs on respiratory immunity. The study used a Syrian hamster as an animal model to study the effects of ARBs and ACEIs on the immune system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-challenged hamsters; fever was a response variable. The hamsters were randomly separated into three groups of six. One group was administered enalapril, another with losartan, and the last group was administered water for 30 days. After 30 days, the hamsters were inoculated with 0.2 mL of 1.5 × 108 cfu/mL of P. aeruginosa. After 18 h from the inoculation time, the temperature was taken every 2 h for 36 h. The temperature in all groups ranged from 35.5°C to 37.2°C with an average of 36.1°C and there was no mortality recorded at the end of 14 days. The results were analyzed using Dunnett multiple comparisons analysis of variance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27. There were no significant differences in temperature between hamsters treated with enalapril or losartan and those treated with water (control). In addition, no hamster developed fever. In conclusion, enalapril and losartan may not negatively affect the respiratory immunity. Effects of ACEIs and ARBs on the immune system of P. aeruginosa challenged hamsters