Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences
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An Overview of Natural Disintegrating Agent Used in Dispersible Tablets
Get PDFThe oral therapy is the most commonly used method for administering many medications since it is thought to be the safest, most practical, and least expensive method. Fast dissolving pills are highly popular right now because they dissolve or easily dissolve in the mouth after administration without the need for water. Fast dissolving tablets have been developed to address the drawbacks of conventional dose forms, particularly dysphagia (refers to problem in which it becomes difficult to swallow), in pediatric and geriatric patients. Natural materials offer an advantage in comparison to the synthetic ones since they are more easily accessible, cost effective, not harmful, and chemically inert. By acting as a binder, diluent, and superdisintegrant, natural polymers such as locust bean gum, banana powder, mango peel pectin, Mangifera indica gum, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis mucilage improve tablet properties, increase the solubility of drugs which are insoluble or poorly soluble, helps in reducing the disintegration time, and aid as nutritional supplements. Natural polymer is derived from natural source, are economical, not harmful, decomposable, and environmentally helpful, free of negative effects, restorable, and serve as nutritional supplements. Studies have shown that natural polymers are more effective and safer than manufactured polymers. The aim of the current article is to study and examine natural polymers which have been approved by Food and Drug Administration for use in quick dissolving tablets
Determinants of Tobacco Use among Immigrant Workers Around a University in South India – A Qualitative Approach
Get PDFBackground: According to the global adult tobacco survey – prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use in India is highest in the world and 60% of tobacco users in India currently use SLT products. The prevalence of SLT use among women in Karnataka is 14.7%, among immigrant women daily wage workers is 87.2%. There is paucity of information about tobacco consumption among females, especially which calls for an urgent need to address the issue. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine underlying factors which initiated SLT use and their knowledge levels about its ill effects among immigrant daily wage workers in a University setting of South India. Settings and Design: This was a qualitative study conducted at office sites (n = 6) within University Premises of Manipal, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: The focus group and interview guides were semi-structure in nature and developed in the context of a guide to a conversation/discussion. It covered all research questions that could be answered by this qualitative approach. Statistical Analysis: Thematic analysis was used to report and interpret the findings. Results and Conclusion: A total of six focus group discussion’s (n = 55 participants) and 20 in-depth interview’s (n = 20 participants) were conducted. Themes emerged – “Factors for uptake of SLT use,” “Poor knowledge on adverse effects of SLT use,” “Easy Availability and Accessibility,” and “Thoughts and Suggestions on quitting.” Reappraising social determinants in access to tobacco prevention and cessation support services to migrant construction workers may be a promising strategy to reduce health harms of SLT use
Monkeypox: Next Global Health Emergency Hitting India in 2022
Get PDFMonkeypox disease which is catalyzed by the zoonotic orthopox monkeypox virus is taking shape in the form of novel threat to the human lives not only in India but also worldwide creating a sense of fear and panic and gaining attention globally after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. The present research article discusses about the current scenario and preparedness in India after the first case of the monkeypox disease that has hit the country and what are the master plans that the country should follow in the future to cease the virus transmission
Condensing Osteitis – A Review and Case Report
Get PDFCondensing osteitis is pathological lesions of the maxillomandibular region which is seen in root apex of long standing untreated carious lesions or tooth having inappropriate endodontic treatment and generally occurs as a result of body’s defence mechanism against the infection. Dense trabeculae formation is seen within the bone marrow which appears as a radiopaque lesion near the apex of the affected tooth. Diagnosis of condensing osteitis depends on proper clinical and radiographic evaluation. In the present case report, condensing osteitis in a 12-year female is reported and with adequate endodontic procedure, healing and regression were seen after 6 months of follow-up
Knowledge and Awareness of HIV/AIDS, Mental Health Problems, and Stigma among HIV/AIDS Children: A Mediation Analysis
Get PDFStigma is a significant obstruction, restricting factor, and hurdle in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. It has serious psychosocial consequences for HIV/AIDS patients’ children. In India, 35% of maximum AIDS cases reported are in the most productive age bracket of 10–21 years, showing the younger population’s exposure to the infection. The goal of this study is to determine the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, as well as HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness, and mental health problems among HIV/AIDS children. It also intends to investigate the relationship between these variables. Children with HIV/AIDS (n = 90) from Motilal Nehru Hospitals in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, were included in the study. To achieve the study’s goal, descriptive statistics, correlational, and regression analysis, as well as mediation analysis, were used. Correlational analysis reveals that, HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness are considerably adversely connected with HIV/AIDS related stigma (r [88] = −0.448, p = 0.01), but mental health problems are strongly positively correlated with HIV/AIDS stigma (r [88] = 0.753, P = 0.01). Using hierarchical regression analysis, it was discovered that HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness contributed 18.8% of the variation in HIV/AIDS stigma, while HIV/AIDS stigma contributed 45.9% of the variance in mental health problems. The results of the mediation analyses support the significance of HIV/AIDS stigma in mediating the affiliation concerning HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness and mental health problems (r = −0.19, CI: [−0.661]–[−0.038] P = 0.024). These findings add to empirical evidence about psychological predictors and the observable consequences of H/A related stigma
Zinc-Oxide Eugenol Paste, Antimicrobial Gel, and Ayurvedic Medicament in the Management of Alveolar Osteitis: A Prospective and Comparative Study
Get PDFObjectives: The objective of this study was to compare the three treatment strategies of zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), metronidazole gel, and Aloe vera gel in the management of dry socket with respect to pain relief and mucosal healing. Methods: This was a comparative study in which 90 patients were recruited and randomly divided into three groups of 30. ZOE dressings were applied in Group A, Metronidazole gel in Group B, and Aloe vera gel was applied in Group C patients on the day of reporting. Patients were followed up for seven consecutive days. Day-wise pain and mucosal healing were assessed in each patient using the visual analog scale and mucosal healing index, respectively. Results: The mean age for the 90 patients recruited in the study was 44.02 (9.9). Male: Female ratio was 37:53. Higher values of pain were reported in Group A from day 1 to 6 (P < 0.01). However, the difference was not significant among the three groups (P > 0.05) on the 7th day. Significant differences were seen among groups (P < 0.01) for mucosal healing on days 2–6 with higher mean values in Group A. On day 1 and day 7, a non-significant difference was seen for the values across all three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Metronidazole and Aloe vera gels were found effective in early pain relief while producing a similar amount of mucosal healing. These gels offer the potential to be used as alternative home remedies, thus reducing the number of dental appointments required in the case of ZOE dressings. However, further randomized and clinical studies are required to evaluate the three strategies for their potential adverse effects
Adherence to Key Domains by Indian Physiotherapists in Low Back Pain Clinical Guidelines: A Narrative Review
Get PDFLow back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in rest of the world which causes disability, work absenteeism, and use of medical services. The therapeutic management of acute as well as chronic LBP seems to vary substantially among medical specialists and physical therapists, but there is also considerable variation in the management of LBP between countries. This narrative review investigates an adherence to clinical practice guideline (CPG) for LBP among Indian physiotherapists regarding key domains. We identified studies by using the PubMed database in August 2022 using keywords “low back pain” and “Clinical Practice Guidelines.” Twenty-five articles were found and articles available on full text and study years between 2012 and 2022 were selected as inclusion criteria. Overall, physiotherapists are aware of CPGs and find it challenging to implement. Many studies showed an overall low adherence to the CPG, but adherence was best when LBP is associated with red flags. In public sector, physiotherapists were more likely to be strictly in line with the CPGs for assessing the psychosocial risk factors. Consideration of psychosocial parameters in treatment might have contributed to an increased awareness of strengths and weaknesses and a motivation to change routine practice in the management of patients with LBP
A study of Extended Spectrum ß-Lactamases in Gram-negative Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mumbai
Get PDFBackground: Injudicious use of antimicrobials for any infection causes microbes to undergo changes through selective pressure and ultimately leads to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The production of ß-Lactamase is one of the most important mechanisms adopted by bacteria to evade action by penicillins and cephalosporins. Materials and Methods: This prospective in vitro study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai over a 6-month period with the aim of identifying extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) in Gram-negative bacteria in clinical isolates, by double disk diffusion test and E test. Results: Five thousand five hundred and forty-eight g-negative bacilli were isolated of which 2354 (42.42%) were ESBL producers. Maximum numbers of ESBL production were seen in isolates from the blood sample (53.91%) followed by pus (47%) and urine samples (42.27%). Conclusion: ESBL-producing organisms are increasing in the community; therefore, restricted and judicious use of the third generation cephalosporins is to be followed to prevent and control such types of resistance
Evaluating and Improving Patient Satisfaction with Health-care Quality Standards in Uttar Pradesh, India
Get PDFThe level of contentment shown by one’s patients is a crucial indicator of quality. Measuring patient satisfaction is useful for several purposes, including investigation, management, and strategic development. Patient happiness should be used as a yardstick for measuring the effectiveness of medical professionals in their daily work. Whole quality management relies heavily on patient happiness as a metric of success. The ultimate goal of any survey of in-patients should be to have those staying at the facility feel as satisfied as possible with their care
Right-Sided Pleural Effusion Secondary to Acute Pancreatitis: A Rare Entity
Get PDFPleural effusion as a consequence of acute pancreatitis is transient, usually left-sided, and straw colored and accounts for 1% of all cases.[1] Rarely, it can be right-sided, causing difficulty in establishing the diagnosis, especially if new symptoms are disproportionate to the pre-existing symptoms. We present a case of a young chronic alcoholic male patient with gross right-sided pleural effusion and moderate ascites