Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences
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Characterization and Diagnostics of Listeria Monocytogenes: A Human Pathogen
Get PDFListeria monocytogenes, Gram positive bacteria, rod-shaped, intracellular, opportunistic, invasive food borne bacterium, which is ubiquitous in nature. Soil, vegetation, sewage, water, and fecal materials are its primary source through which it reaches to our food system. It is one of the leading food borne bacteria which is pathogenic, causing Listeriosis in immunodeficient children, adult, pregnant women, central nervous system infection, bacteremia, and other clinical manifestation. Bacterium has arsenal of virulence factors Listeriolysin, phospholipases, internalins and Act A protein which help to enter, invade and infect the host cell, escape from autophagy and promote cell to cell spread. It can withstand diverse environmental parameters, that is, low temperatures, pH, osmotic and oxidative stress. Bacterium is deadly to humans and is food borne, causing economic losses and is a threat to food industry. Present review gives an overview of bacterial characteristics, etiology, isolation, distribution and pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes
Effect of Food-based Approach with Spirulina on Blood Glucose Profile of Non-insulin Dependent Diabetics
Get PDFA sample of 90 diabetic subjects (40–60 years) were selected from diabetic hospitals Tirupati and divided equally into three groups, namely, experimental group-1 (EG1), EG2, and control group (CG). Spirulina supplementation was given daily in the form of snack bar and capsules to EG1 and EG2, respectively, for a period of 3 months and CG was not given any supplementation. The impact of spirulina supplementation was studied on blood glucose profile of subjects before and after the study. It was observed in the present study that the mean fasting, postprandial blood glucose levels, and hemoglobin A1C were decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in Group EG1 and EG2 from pre- to post-intervention period. Non-significant change was observed of the subjects of CG. Hence, it is suggested that 2 g of spirulina supplementation as food-based approach can prove to be effective in management of diabetes
Ayurvedic Perspective on Management of Nicotine Addiction - A Review
Get PDFIntroduction: Addiction is defined as a psychological or physiological dependence on a substance or habit that is beyond one’s control. Nicotine is the most widely consumed psychotropic drugs worldwide. The common use of nicotine increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases to many folds. It’s a long-term brain disorder that promotes compulsive substance usage despite negative effects. Addiction has a wide-ranging negative impact on humans, as well as social consequences. Sudden withdrawal from any addictive medication might result in psychosomatic illness. Aim: The goal of this study was to highlight the different Ayurvedic principles that can be used to prevent and manage addiction. Materials and Methods: This article’s content is based on personal clinical experiences as well as clinical studies published in index and non-index journals that deal with drug addiction, withdrawal, and management. To acquire relevant content, Ayurvedic Samhitas with commentaries and textbooks of Ayurveda and Modern medicine are recommended. Results: The Ayurveda has ancient science which has stores of herbal, mineral or Herbo mineral medication for prevention and cure of disease including addiction and withdrawal of drugs abused. The Padansika Krama is a unique method described in Ayurveda to stop the any harmful or non-harmful substance which homologous to human being, by tapper up manner. Conclusion: In addition, symptomatic withdrawal treatment by using concern drug, medicated smoke/Dhumpana as replacement therapy, psychological counselling, Achara Rasayana, Sadvritta, and Satvavajay Chikitsa are applicable
Epidemiology of Endometriosis in Tamil Nadu, India
Get PDFEndometriosis is an enigmatic disease of women of the reproductive age group. Pain and infertility are the main symptoms. This paper attempts to study the incidence of endometriosis among infertility patients undergoing laparoscopy. Following parameters such as age, SE status, body mass index (BMI), type of infertility, parity, symptoms, family history, menstrual history, medical history, ultrasound (USG) findings, stages of endometriosis, associated findings, and laparoscopy findings were analyzed. Incidence of endometriosis was higher between 26 and 35 years and at all ages stage 3 and stage 4 endometriosis were higher than stage 1 and stage 2. Endometriosis is more common in higher socio-economic class and in women with lower BMI and primary infertility. Among all the symptoms of endometriosis, dysmenorrhea is the most common and most important pointer towards the diagnosis of endometriosis. There is also higher incidence of family history among endometriosis patients. Menstrual cycles are invariably regular. Diagnosis of endometriosis is mainly through USG and rarely magnetic resonance imaging is performed to confirm the presence of endometriosis. In early stages of endometriosis, USG may not show any positive findings. USG can pick up endometriomas, deep infiltrative endometriosis, adenomyosis, and associated findings such as polycystic ovary syndrome, fibroids, and Mullerian anomalies. Laparoscopy is the gold standard in the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Staging is done based on laparoscopy and simultaneously treatment is also carried out. Stage 1 and 2 patients underwent cauterization of the lesions. Advanced stages of endometriosis underwent cystectomy, adhesiolysis, and excision of the deep lesions and ultimately the pelvic anatomy is regained. Women were planned for further fertility treatment based on the staging of the disease
Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Accredited Social Health Activists: An Exploratory Study in Rangareddy District of Telangana, India
Get PDFThe whole world is immensely dealing with the COVID-19 which was originated from the Wuhan city in the end of 2019. All the countries have been in a devastating state by the sudden outbreak which led to many deaths from the deadly infection. Many low- and middle-income countries are being suffering due to the poor healthcare infrastructure and a smaller number of healthcare workers. India is one of them. Due to the insufficient number of healthcare workers, the workload on the existing numbers has increased to a double-fold, especially on the grass-root workers. Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA), an initiative of the National Rural Health Mission in India is involved in the implementation of the primary health care facility at the grassroot level. The effective implementation of the health care policy depends on the performance of the ASHA workers. The present study aims to identify the challenges and barriers faced by the ASHA workers while delivering their services during the pandemic times and provide policy suggestions for strengthening of the grass-root level health care workers for facing any kind of future health emergencies
Microbial Association of Gastroduodenal Diseases with Special Reference to Epstein–Barr Virus and Helicobacter pylori and their Effect on Expression of miRNAs: A Review
Get PDFGastroduodenal diseases are very commonly encountered among patients who attend hospital with the complaints of dyspepsia. These diseases range from inflammatory ones like gastritis and peptic ulcer disease to neoplastic ones like gastric carcinoma and lymphoma. Gastroduodenal diseases may be caused by various factors of which microbial association with a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori and a virus called Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is noteworthy. It has also been noted in various studies that the coinfection by these two organisms may also play a significant role in an exaggerated inflammatory response in cases of gastritis which may ultimately lead to carcinoma (Correa’s cascade of carcinogenesis). As a result, it appears critical to identify both H. pylori and EBV in samples taken for biopsy in various gastroduodenal illnesses. Recent research has also suggested that these two separate etiologies may work together to cause gastric cancer, with miRNAs playing a key part in this process. This review presents the status of the current research on the association of gastroduodenal diseases with EBV and H. pylori along with the emerging context of the connection with miRNA expression. This will help to understand these complex etiologies having significant bearing on human health as well as highlight the need for intensive research in the subject
Behavioral Changes and Cognitive Decline among Elderly
Get PDFAn individual’s behavior is impacted by a complex interaction of factors such as cognitive impairment, physical and mental health, past habits, personality, and environment. The cognitive decline means that your brain does not work as well as it used to. This study aimed to examine behavioral problems and cognitive decline among the elderly. The research information was gathered using multistage random sampling from various locations of Lucknow city (U.P). A total of 100 elderly were selected for conducting the present study comprising elderly belonging to different ages and both gender. A general information sheet was developed to collect the general information of the respondents. A Revised Memory and Behavioral Checklist scale developed by Teri, 1992, was used to assess the behavioral problems among the elderly. Females were found to have severe cognitive decline and behavioral problems compared to male respondents. Cooperation from family members and counseling sessions may prove beneficial in improving the overall cognitive health of female respondents
A Review on Plant Nutrients Correlation with Fruit Production of Cocos nucifera L.
Get PDFBenefits and usefulness of the plants are directly connected to the nutrient composition of that plant. With growing population, the need for every commodities is going to increase in future years. The basic requirement of food (crops, fruits, vegetables, etc.) is of major concern, which should be looked on with utmost importance. To achieve this, high production yield from every plant with their adequate nutrients retained and without affecting the environment is highly desirable. Hence, keeping this as of major concern, various parameters that affects the nutrient content of Cocos nucifera L. (coconut palm) and its relation to production yield is discussed in the present article
Study of Lumbosacral Posture and Pelvic Angle in Odissi Classical Dancers
Get PDFBackground: This study was designed to find out the prevalence of backache due to musculoskeletal injuries in Odissi dancers and the influence of lumbar posture and pelvic angle in causing backache. Methods: Study design: This was a cross-sectional and observational study; Sample size: 60 numbers were classified into, Group A: 20 - Normal Individuals, Group B: 20 - Beginner Odissi dancers, and Group C: 20 - Advanced Odissi dancers. Inclusion criteria: 1) Normal individuals between 20 and 24 years of age not trained in Indian classical dance, 2) Odissi dancers trained for <2 years- Beginner’s group, and 3) Odissi dancers trained for more than 10 years - Advanced group. Exclusion criteria: 1) People trained in other forms of dance, other than Odissi, and 2) recent MSK injuries. Assessment of lumbar posture and the pelvic angle performed using flexicurve and pelvic inclinometer. Results: 1) Inter group comparison of mean Pelvic angle (degree): Pelvic angle (degree) was higher in Group 2 in comparison to other two groups and was statistically significant with P < 0.01. Pelvic angle (degree) was also observed to be statistically significant between the Groups 1 versus 2 (P < 0.01) and 1 versus 3 (P < 0.05). 2) Inter group comparison of mean of Lumbar lordosis angle {Theta angle (θ)} using turkey post hoc tests: There was no statistical significance between either groups for theta angle. Conclusion: This study reveals that pelvic angle in the beginner and advanced group of Odissi dancers was altered in comparison to the non-dancer group, though statistically significant needs further evaluation in larger population of Odissi dancers
Flexible Parametric Survival Cure Rate Models for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Data
Get PDFThis article mainly aims to compare Flexible parametric cure rate models using relative survival function and to predict cure fraction for tuberculosis (TB) data. In survival analysis, the Cox proportional-hazards model of time-to-event data is effective, but still there may be some benefits of using parametric models than non-parametric or semi-parametric models. Sometimes, it happens that a certain fraction of the data corresponds to subjects who are never involved in the event when assessing time-to-event data. Survival models that take this characteristic into account are typically referred to as cure rate models. Hence, in this article the parametric cure model to time-to-event (sputum conversion) on pulmonary TB data with the survival time distribution such as Weibull, Gamma, Exponential and Lognormal is developed. The objective of this article is to compare cure rate models to find the best model fitting survival time using the relative survival function and to predict cure fraction of TB data. The data were analyzed using “R-4.0.2” and STATA 15.0.0 statistical tools