Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Arylidene Hydrazides Derivatives
Get PDFThere has been considerable interest in the development of novel compounds with anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The present study explores the antimicrobial activity of some new arylidene hydrazide derivatives and correlates the effect on the antimicrobial potency by varying the substituents on hydrazide part of the arylidine hydrazide. Hydrazones possessing an azomethine–NHN=CH- proton constitute an important class of compounds for new drug developments; therefore, a series of arylidene hydrazides were synthesized with various aromatic aldehydes/ketones. The synthesis of title compounds was affected as outlined in the scheme. In this scheme O-chloro benzoic acid on reaction with aniline through Ullmann Reaction gave N-phenyl anthranilic acid. The esterification product of N-phenyl anthranilic acid followed by reaction with hydrazine hydrate yielded 2-phenyl amino benzoic acid hydrazide. These hydrazides were give arylidine hydrazide as title compounds. A total of 11 compounds were synthesized. The synthetic methods used are simple, rapid, and economical found to be accurate and reproducible. All the intermediates and title compounds were characterized by running TLC, determining M.P. and spectral studies such as IR and 1H-NMR. The synthesized compounds showed mild-to-moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (MTCC441), Bacillus cereus (MTCC-7190) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigates (ATTC 9197). The bio-screening data revealed that 4b, 4f, 4g, 4h, and 4j moiety exhibited good antibacterial activity against all where 4a and 4c showed good antifungal activity. Among the compounds, 4a and 4c exhibited good antioxidant activity too
A Novel Approach to Facilitate Arousal Following Infectious Encephalitis in Acute Setup – A Case Report
Get PDFEncephalitis is the inflammatory disease of brain parenchyma that manifests with a spectrum of disorders including altered consciousness, impaired cognition, associated neurological impairments, aphasia, behavioral abnormalities leading to an increase in economic burden as well as delayed prognosis. However, initiating early rehabilitation to promote arousal that is task based and has associated personal salience to the patient can pay way to early arousal and shorter length of stay in acute unit. We developed a subject specific integrated multisensory stimulation technique (SSIMS) to facilitate arousal following encephalitis in acute setup. We observed improvement on Glasgow’s coma scale and Coma recovery scale following 7 days of intervention. Early task based functional therapy to target arousal along with conventional therapy can pay way to better outcomes
Barefoot Training Survey: Novel Experiences of Barefoot Training on Habitually Shod Runners
Get PDFRunning is the most popular means of physical activity among people all over the world. Shoe wear design has evolved over a period of time, however, running-related injuries continue to surge. Barefoot form of running has been advocated as a possible training approach to reap the benefits of running in the era of modern shoes. Limited evidence of reduction in torques and forces on the lower extremities is available for barefoot running, however, how far this corresponds to injuries is yet to be studied. The aim of this survey was to examine factors related to performance and injury in runners who have tried barefoot training with an emphasis on including a habituation phase to accustom to barefoot running. A 10-question survey regarding the experiences of runners (sprinters and marathoners) athletes who participated in barefoot training program was prepared and communicated electronically through email. All participants were state and national level athletes and habitually trained in shoe before participating in the barefoot training. A total of six participants who took part in the training were given the survey questionnaire. About 60% of respondents believed barefoot training will help to heal from repetitive injuries widely supported by media in form of blogs, books, and scientific papers in this area. About 17% of these respondents sought suggestions from their coaches, physical therapists, and trainer to pursue barefoot training. Initially, participants were apprehensive of participating into barefoot training (67%). Participants preferred running on grass and treadmill to prevent from injury. All participants agreed on implications of barefoot training to achieve sports-specific performance improvement in running performance. No injuries were reported after the completion of barefoot training with no new injuries being reported. The previous studies have reported biomechanical changes caused by barefoot training with a hypothetical prediction of reducing injury risk. The survey showed that barefoot training was perceived to be positive experience for all the runners with no injuries being reported at the end of the training
Potential Health Benefits of Functional Foods in Boosting Immunity and Relationship between Immunosuppressant Diseases and Severity of Viral Infections-COVID-19 – A Review Article
Get PDFCOVID-19 pandemic has been a global challenge to all the nations and has really affected the sense of normalcy in the lives of People. It has been a sense of awakening that has made people realize the role of immunotherapy in fighting against such situations. It has been observed that the strong gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) which accounts as a dominant role in the immunity has a very important role to play in strengthening the immune system. Dysbiosis could be a major cause of many health disorders and immune suppressants diseases. It was strongly observed that patients with compromised immune system badly affected in COVID-19. In this review, we are trying to find out the association between functional foods such as Probiotics, Prebiotics, and various other Nutraceuticals in strengthening the immune system and its potential benefit to act as preventive medicine in curbing down incidence or management of COVID-19
Formulation Development and Release Profile of Levomilnacipran Extended Release Capsules using Principles of Quality by Design
Get PDFThe study’s goal was to use Quality By Design (QbD) principles to design an Extended Release dosage form of levomilnacipran and evaluate its in vitro release profile. Doses of levomilnacipran extended release capsules (LERC) ranging from 20 mg to 120 mg. QbD was employed in this work to design LERC capsule formulation and production, which ensures LERC safety and efficacy. To create the LERC, wurster coating was applied to non-pariel seeds, which were then filled with capsules. To provide prolonged absorption, a polymer derived from ethylcellulose was chosen. Extensive release capsules are made up of four main components: (1) Drug layering, (2) extended release coating, (3) lubricant application, and finally (4) capsule filling. Results revealed that there was no significant difference in release profile LERC in different doses; however, the highest release of drug was seen at 120 mg, that is, 93%. The present formulation may be used as an effective treatment therapy against major depressive disorder
A Review of Non-invasive Electromagnetic Blood Glucose Monitoring Techniques
Get PDFDiabetes is a big concern worldwide, and the International Diabetes Federation estimates there are over 450 million diabetics throughout the world. Researchers have been exploring a rapid and easy technique of calculating blood glucose. We already have reliable tests with improved precision for sensing blood glucose, but it comes with the expense of discomfort and agony because of employing a pricking needle. Technologies established during the previous few decades strive for a painless gadget that can be used as often as possible, dependable, efficient, and accurate. Most importantly, it must be straightforward to use with minimal hassles. This evaluation attempts to give the breakthroughs at present being researched for non-invasive electromagnetic (EM) glucose monitoring systems. This study acknowledges features and possibilities of accessible EM glucose monitoring techniques, just as basic qualities and execution elements for an ideal non-invasive instrument
Non-Communicable Diseases and Covid-19 Pandemic: A Spatial Analysis of Multiple Healthcare Burden in India
Get PDFBackground: The entire world experiences triple as well as multiple burdens of diseases with the co-existence of prevailing burden of communicable diseases and evolving heavy burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) along with the outburst of COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: The study has been extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Publicly available data related to COVID-19 and NCD burden from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, COVID-19 Tracker, and Kerala Government’s Directorate of Health Services. Results: The burden of COVID-19 is larger in states with a higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases and in states that are further along in the epidemiological transition. Around 95 percent of the deceased had one or more comorbidities, and the majority of them had several comorbidities. NCDs such as Hypertension and diabetes, as well as coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer, are appeared as a common predictor of COVID-19 mortality. Conclusion: The COVID-19 action, as well as a sustained and enhanced emphasis on NCD diagnosis, intervention, and interrelated facets of healthcare system, are essential. Future policy interventions should be focus on whole sectors such as health, education, employment, poverty, and local governance to address the underlying social, economic, and environmental grounds of ill health including pandemic to mitigate the repercussions and to achieve the sustainable development goals
Adverse Events Following Immunization with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and its Reporting in India: A Growing Concern
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to many drug delivery systems and vaccine developments globally. Implementation of immunization programs has been done through emergency approvals and has also raised concerns regarding side effects and adverse events following immunization. The side effects are fever, injection site pain, arthralgia, redness, swelling, induration, pruritus, myalgia, induration, chills, headache, vomiting, and fatigue. The adverse events are anaphylaxis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, intracranial venous sinus thrombosis, Guillain–Barre syndrome, seizures, Steven–Johnson Syndrome, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and pericarditis associated with different vaccines. The factsheet of many vaccines does not convey sufficient details to alert the beneficiaries. These need to be updated timely and beneficiaries need to be made aware of the same. In some countries, authorized portals have captured these data on a real time basis. Similar portals need to be in place in India also so that data generated can be used for further timely recognition, reporting, and management of AEFI. The reporting of the same should be made mandatory for all and guidance should be provided regarding levels of management, home based, or hospital based
Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Heart Disease Prediction Using Genetic Evolutionary Heart Disease Optimization from Internet-of-Things Sensors
Get PDFToday, heart disease is one of the most important causes of death in the world. Therefore, the prediction and early diagnosis are important in supporting treatment time in a medical field. It reduces death and incurs less medical expenses. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment, is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature of the patient have carried during the testing phase through the Internet-of-Things setup. Artificial intelligence techniques such as depth learning and machine learning can improve medical knowledge due to unlocking the clinically relevant information and increasing the complexity of data. CVD brings a heavy burden on the whole of the patient and society. Therefore, to provide effective treatment options, there is a need to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Regarding the above issues, the Genetic Evolutionary Heart Disease Optimization algorithm is proposed in this work; it uses the new communication and information technology to create universal health-care services and apply it to cardiovascular diseases and it also offers the potential to doctors in the heart and clinical practice
Antimalarial Activity of Eco-friendly Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. against Plasmodium berghei
Get PDFMalaria is one of the life-threatening infectious diseases caused by the Plasmodium parasites infect red blood cells of humans. The major problem associated with malaria treatment and control is the spread and development of resistance against chemical insecticides. Hence, the plant-based formulations may serve as an alternative source for the development of new drugs for the treatment of malaria. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of synthesized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using the aqueous leaves extract of Coccinia grandis against Plasmodium berghei and characterized by UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area (electron) diffraction analyzes. The UV-Vis spectra of Au NPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak range of 500–600 nm. The TEM image revealed the spherical shape with a mean particle size of 2.82 ± 2.5 nm. The in vivo antimalarial activity of synthesized Au NPs showed a significant (P < 0.001) chemosuppressive effect, with parasite suppression of 88.75%, compared to aqueous extracts of C. grandis showed 69.45% against P. berghei at 100 mg/kg body weight. To sum up, further phytochemical research is required in the future to standardize C. grandis compounds with strong antiplasmodial activity and devise the best alternative nano herbal formulation to replace the synthetic drugs currently in use