Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences
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Analysis of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Nagapattinam Coastal Waters, South East Coast of India
Get PDFHeavy metals in ocean water which cause hazardous impact to the marine organisms. Effluent discharges from industries such as metal processing, paints and pigment production, and biocides production and through domestic sewage from nearby villages. Toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd), Cr, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn) emanate from these industries polluting seawater and paving the way for the many serious problems we face today. The current study focuses on the distribution of heavy metals between October 2016 and March 2017 in coastal waters in Tranquebar, Poraiyar, Kottucherry, and Karaikal, off the southeast coast of India. Four metals including Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn were analyzed by a microwave assisted digestion and the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. These comments and subsequent considerations of this study help to manage the impact of pollution from wild and industrial sources into aquatic environments. Hence, the coastal regions needed throughout impoundment
Non-HIV Related Non-Communicable Diseases in HIV Patients
Get PDFAuthors examined the impact of additional factors on fatalities in Chronic HIV patient populations and should have remained on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the at least 1 year: Inadequate response to HAART and the existence of AIDS-defining illnesses, depression, and drug and alcohol abuse, and especially in comparison the fatalities to that of the overall demographic. The enhanced rates of mortality in HIV-infected people are primarily impact on risk variables that can be recognized just before to or during the introductory phase of antiretroviral treatment. The fatality rate in patient populations without risk variables who are on effective HAART is virtually identical to something like the non-HIV-infected inhabitants. The significance of a holistic solution for lipid accumulation, cardiovascular, and glomerular comorbidity supervisors in the lengthy effective monitoring of chronic HIV old patients cannot be exaggerated
Characterization of Impurities in Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors by Profiling Techniques
Get PDFThere has been ever growing activity in impurities existing in pharmaceutical products as well as bulk drugs. According to a range of regulatory authorities, no longer solely purity profiles, however additionally impurity profiles, are now required. The technique facts for an individual impurity’s organic safety are recognized as impurity profiling. The many developments in analytical viewpoints of impurity profiling of anti-retroviral (ARV) medicines and products used to deal with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are described in this review. ARVs work using inhibiting unique ranges of the viral contamination cycle to produce therapeutic benefits. Thus, drug classes are stratified as nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs/NTRTIs), non-NRTIs (NNRTIs), integrase strand transfer inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists, viral fusion inhibitors, and protease inhibitors (PIs). In this overview predominant focal point given on class that is reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs). The wide variety of papers dealing with ARV drug impurity profiling is developing at an alarming pace. The cutting-edge overview article, which is based primarily on publications posted in the closing 15 years, tries to provide vast data concerning RTIs drug impurity profiling. RTIs which are labeled into two sub-categories, that is, NRTIs and NNRTIs. NRTIs pressure the HIV virus to use erroneous variations of building block, so contaminated cells cannot make more HIV and NNRTIs these are additionally referred to as “non-nukes.” NNRTIs bind to a precise protein so the HIV virus cannot make copies of itself. The investigatory overview might also furnish the complete important points to the researchers who are working in the region of impurity profiling of RTIs. To the most tremendous of our information, no overview until date noted to center of attention on impurity profiling of RTIs
Antiarthritic Activity of Zingiber officinale (Ginger): A Review
Get PDFArthritis is an inflammatory, chronic, and progressive autoimmune disease of joints. It is characterized by swelling, pain, and inflammation of different joints of human body. Almost half of the people of this world are suffering from arthritis, from there the woman are more prone to affect by arthritis than man. In the 21st century, the medical field develop different types of drugs and therapy to prevent arthritis. However, until now, there is no effective drug or therapy which can cure arthritis, so in this developing era, scientists are doing research on the herbs which can cure arthritis. There are many herbs which carry the antiarthritic activity, among those Zingiber officinale is the most prevalent and prior herbs which contain many constituents that can cure the arthritis. Hence, in this review, we are discussing about the antiarthritic activities of Z. officinale (Ginger)
Antibacterial Activity of Justicia betonica Linn
Get PDFJusticia betonica L. (Acanthaceae) is widely used as a traditional folk medicinal herb. Conventionally, the plant is used to cure constipation, diarrhea, malaria, pain, stomach ache, vomiting, etc. The plant possesses many therapeutic uses such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antimicrobial properties. The present work has been designed to document the ethnomedicinal properties, phytochemistry, and antibacterial activity of J. betonica. Phytochemical results showed that the presence of wide variety of biologically active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenolic compounds might be responsible for therapeutic values of Justicia betonica. Antibacterial activity showed that the inhibition was observed with the individual extracts and was effective against all bacterial strains tested. The present study highlights the importance of J. betonica
Assessment of Future Manpower Requirements in Public Healthcare of India and its Northeastern Region
Get PDFHealth-care workforce planning is crucial for active healthcare provision and to achieve an improvement in population health. One of the major challenges in the quest for achieving the goals of the Universal Health Coverage is the shortage of skilled health workers which is a matter of concern for health planners. The paper attempts to project the future requirement of allopathic physician practicing in public sector for India and Northeast India using the health information data from the Datanet India (Indiastat). The projection of physician was done using the average doctor to physician ratio for the year 2004–2017 and population projection was derived using the average exponential growth rate. Study found that with the current trend, India and Northeast are still far from meeting the healthcare needs of the population and the shortage of allopathic physician in public sectors will continue to persist in future. Under the current scenario, India will have require close to 1.6 million public sector allopathic doctors in 2030 to keep up with the WHO standard population to physician ratio. Northeast India will need 0.05 million to achieve the same standard. It could be expected that public health workforce in India and Northeast will remain insufficient in the future and this may have serious implication to the poor and vulnerable section of the population and therefore calls for a need to have a strong build-up and development in Indian health-care system
Comparison of Arthroscopy and Arthrocentesis in the Management of Internal Derangement in TMJ Disorders: A Systematic Review
Get PDFThe aim of the systematic review is to shed some light on comparison of Arthroscopy and arthrocentesis in the management of internal derangement in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted with no date or language constraints. Human research, such as randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and retrospective studies comparing arthrocentesis and arthroscopy in the treatment of internal derangements in TMJ disorders, was included in this study. After considering the exclusion and inclusion criteria, seven studies were being included in the systematic review. Because all trials employed the same scale, the weighted mean difference (WMD) was used to compute the Maximum inter-incisal opening (MIO) (in millimeters) and pain in the continuous data (by visual analog scale). The improvement in MIO following arthroscopy was greater than that following arthrocentesis. The difference in pain reduction between arthroscopy and arthrocentesis patients was statistically significant (fixed: WMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.54–0.30; P = 0.00001). When compared to arthrocentesis, arthroscopy lysis and lavage were shown to be more effective in improving MIO and lowering pain
Comparative Evaluation of Depigmentation Technique with Diode Laser and Electrosurgery – A Case Report
Get PDFExcessive gingival pigmentation is a major esthetic concern for many people. The gingiva is an important intraoral tissue which when affected particularly by pigmentation is mainly responsible for the unpleasant appearance. A harmonious smile accounts for a perfect balance between the pink and white component of oral cavity. It mainly affects the confidence, self-esteem, and esthetics of an individual, which can also have a psychological impact on them. Melanin pigmentation is known to be caused by melanin granules within the gingival epithelium. In this case report, a split-mouth depigmentation was done using electrosurgery and diode laser with melanin hyperpigmentation in the anterior maxilla and mandible which provides increased satisfaction in patients
Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Dispersion of Celecoxib
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to develop celecoxib (CLX) -polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solid dispersion nanoparticles with and without surfactant using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process. The effect of different surfactants such as gelucire 44/14, poloxamer 188, poloxamer 407, Ryoto sugar ester L1695, and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) on nanoparticle formation and dissolution as well as oral absorption of CLX -PVP K30 solid dispersion nanoparticles was investigated. Spherical CLX solid dispersion nanoparticles <300 nm in size were successfully developed using the SAS process. Analysis by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction showed that CLX existed in the amorphous form within the solid dispersion nanoparticles fabricated using the SAS process. The CLX -PVPTPGS solid dispersion nanoparticles significantly enhanced in vitro dissolution and oral absorption of CLX relative to that of the unprocessed form. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0 24 h) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) increased 4.6 and 5.7 times, respectively, with the CLX -PVP-TPGS formulation. In addition, in vitro dissolution efficiency was well correlated with in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. The present study demonstrated that formulation of CLX -PVP-TPGS solid dispersion nanoparticles using the SAS process is a highly effective strategy for enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble CLX
Retrospective Analysis of Suspected Clinical Cases of Human Brucellosis in Anand, Gujarat, India
Get PDFIntroduction: Brucellosis is a zoonosis that is emerging in some parts of the world. Although, brucellosis is a mandatory reporting disease and is not eliminated in Gujarat. The aim of the present study was to study the prevalence of human brucellosis in Anand district of Gujarat along with the trend of the disease over a period of 6 years. We also tried to study the common clinical presentations and diagnostic test used for confirmation of cases. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the data available at the Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad during the past 6 years (2015 ± 2021) to get insight into the prevalence of human brucellosis in Gujarat. Results: According to the available data, 113 samples had positive serology for Brucella spp. The age of the patients enrolled in the study ranged from 12 to 78 years with an average age of 35.58. The majority were males 96 (85%), Out of 113 patient’s total 37 patients admitted to the hospital in year 2019. According to the available data, out of a total of 113, 55 patients were positive for Brucella abortus, while only nine patients were positive for Brucella melitensis. Conclusion: As this study constitutes a retrospective analysis, some of its methodological limitations relate to the lack of information that would allow a more comprehensive analysis of risk factors (e.g., occupation, risk factors, and area of residence of patients)