Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences
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Mucormycosis and Role of COVID-19 in its Pathogenicity in India: A Review
Get PDFMucormycosis is a rising cause of invasive fungal infection but difficulty in diagnosis is the biggest detriment to early diagnosis. Rhinocerebral zygomycosis is most prevalent leading to vascular invasion, tissue necrosis, or even death. Rhizopus arrhizus is the most common causative agent of the disease, found on decaying organic matter but disease from Cunninghamella and Rhizomucor species should not be overlooked. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to increasing patients of diabetes mellitus whose post-COVID immunocompromised state coupled with steroid use has led to rising numbers of mucormycosis patients in India. The establishment of a standard for permissible levels of microbial load in indoor environments has been suggested
Evaluation of phytochemical profile and antioxidant status of laboratory mode Dasamoolarishtam health tonic and a marketed product
Get PDFThe mankind has been using the medicinal herbs in all the aspects of their life since time immemorial. Ayurvedic formulations are as old as the Vedic age (1500 BCE–500 BCE), recently a surge in preference of Ayurvedic medicines for their health care properties. Dasamoolarishtam is an Ayurvedic preparation which contains both plant and non-plant ingredients. The aim of the current study is to prepare plant only Dasamoolarishtam through the extraction with ethanol solvent (DET). This preparation was evaluated for phytochemical constituents and antioxidant analysis and is compared with commercially available market sample/traditional formulation (MKT). The DET showed better results in all the studies such as qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites as well as in vitro antioxidant parameters such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide radical scavenging, and phosphomolybdenum assays. The results of the present study open up a new approach in the scientific preparation/modification of traditional medicines. The overall findings of the current research corroborate and validate the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of DET and MKT samples and also propose the scope for modification of Ayurvedic drug for more efficient and quick response during the treatment
Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Neonatal Septicemia at Tertiary Care Hospital
Get PDFBackground: There is real shortage of national data on antimicrobial resistance rates in Indian neonates. A descriptive review was conducted to determine the patterns of antimicrobial resistance in isolates of blood stream infection among neonates in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital from a period of March 1, 2014, to August 31, 2015. This is a non-randomized, prospective study in which 109 cases of suspected neonatal septicemia on the basis of antenatal high-risk factors and signs and symptoms of sepsis during this period were studied. Results: A total number of 109 neonates with clinically suspected neonatal septicemia were studied. Sixty-nine (63.3%) cases out of them were blood culture positive. Out of 69 positive cases, in one sample, two organisms were isolated. Hence, the total number of organisms was 70. Out of these 70 organisms, 44 were Gram-positive cocci, 23 were Gram-negative bacilli, and three were Candida spp. Gram-positive cocci were more sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin, and clindamycin whereas Gram-negative bacilli were more sensitive to ampicillin, ofloxacin, and amikacin. Antimicrobial sensitivity of fungal isolates was not done as the antifungal discs were not available. Conclusion: The Gram-positive organisms are the frequent cause of neonatal septicemia so when neonatal septicemia is suspected, drugs of choice for Gram-positive organisms are linezolid, vancomycin, and clindamycin and for Gram-negative organism drugs of choice are ampicillin, ofloxacin, and amikacin
From the Editor desk – Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences (APJHS)
Get PDFJournal publication is a media to report and publish developments in health profession.Through this new knowledge, skill and experiences are shared with our professionals.Profession of health sciences in India has surpassed standard in this and has also increased research in the faculty. Prepare, start, improve and progress, is a sequence for any task. To publish a journal also requires valuable experience which Editorial Board of Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences (APJHS) has and specially the Executive Editor; which thus has contributed toward the release of its first issue
Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Beta-Sitosterol
Get PDFBackground: Phytosterols are commonly present in various plants, among which sitosterol is the abundant one. Various extracts of leaves of the plant were screened but a purified phytosterol like β-sitosterol (BS) is a compound of interest. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate for analgesic and anti-nociceptive property of activity BS. Materials and Methods: Hot plate test and Acetic acid-induced writhing’s test was used for evaluating the central and peripheral Antinociceptive activity and Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method. Results: BS (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) was responsible for the significant and dose-dependent activity comparable with the standard. Conclusion: The dose dependent activity of β-sitosterol might be responsible for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, this may also be a vital observation for further studies
Traditional Indian Medicinal Flowers in Floral Therapeutics: A Field Survey of Purvanchal, Uttar Pradesh
Get PDFFlowers play an important role in our lives, whether medicinally or professionally, and flowers help to maintain health and a positive human relationship. The therapeutic uses of flowers utilized in Ayurveda has been attempted to be shown. Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, and Pushpa-Ayurveda were used to research the therapeutic use of flowers in ancient and modern literature. In this overview, medicinal flowers are found in special Vargas (groups) of Sushruta Samhita, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, and Pushpa-Ayurveda, respectively, and are grouped systematically in tabular form. Charaka and Vagbhat explained the medicinal advantages of flowers in a random manner. The topic is separated into two parts: the general health benefits of flowers and their pharmacological form. Most of the flowers listed in this study were used in the treatment of Jvara (Fever), Meha (Diabetes), Atisara (diarrhea), Krimi (Wormicidal), Hridaroga (In Heart problems), Kshaya (Wasting), Kasa (Cough), Svasa (Respiratorydiseases), Kustha (Skin diseases), Daha (Burning), Chardi (Vomiting), Raktapitta (Intrinsic hemorrhage), Sopha (Swelling), Dipana (Appetizer), Pachana (Digestive), and Vrana (Wound). Flowers have a special position in Ayurveda and have been employed in healing and sickness since ancient times. As a result, this work gives academics and clinicians who are actively engaged in medicinal plant research and medical practice a unique perspective
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prediabetes in Madurai City
Get PDFType 2 Diabetes is common today among people irrespective of age and as a known fact India has high prevalence of it. Preventing this growing rate of Type 2 Diabetes can be done by making prediabetes screening a mandatory measure as it poses a high risk factor. Hence, this study focuses on the prevalence and risk factors of prediabetes in Madurai City. A cross-sectional survey among people aged above 18 years was conducted and sixteen prediabetes screening centers were set up in different places in Madurai after ethical clearance. 1050 individuals volunteered with prior consent. Their demographics, anthropometric measurements, diets, physical activity, and medical history including blood pressure and venous fasting plasma glucose were collected. It was classified as prediabetes if the fasting plasma glucose was >100 mg/dl and <126 mg/dl and were not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Statistical significance for pair wise comparisons was assessed by one-way ANOVA test. Fasting blood sugar was computed with age, weight, body mass index (BMI), family history, physical activity, polycystic ovarian disease, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Chi square test was used to compare the categorical outcomes between the study groups. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. 15% were prediabetes and other contributing factors found were family history, elevated serum cholesterol levels and blood pressure, BMI, and lifestyle changes. Therefore, the study suggests that lifestyle modifications among prediabetes like strict calorie restriction, low fat and high fiber rich food with regular exercise will help prevent diabetes
Association Study between T2DM and CAPN10 SNP-19 (rs3842570) Polymorphism in Navi Mumbai Population
Get PDFGenetic research has brought a lot of new knowledge in the area of genetic predisposition of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been proposed that excessive insulin resistance and obesity are also responsible for the higher incidence of type 2 diabetes. Calpain-10 (CAPN10) is a member of a large family of intracellular proteases. The polymorphism at deletion/insertion SNP19 of this gene influences susceptibility to T2DM. The aim of the study was to determine whether calpain-10 (ins/del SNP19) polymorphism contributes significantly to susceptibility to T2DM in population of Navi Mumbai. The study included randomly selected 75 patients of which 33 had T2DM and 42 served as control subjects. Mean waist-to-hip ratio, HDL, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol, and triglyceride showed no difference whereas mean of age, FBS, and body mass index showed significant differences between the control and diabetes subjects. Genotyping of calpain-10 (ins/del SNP19) polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction method. Among 75 participants, for allele-specific SNP19, genotype frequencies of allele1 (2R-32 bp), heterozygous allele (2R-3R 32 bp), and allele 2 (3R-32 bp) were 20 (26.6%), 36 (48%), and 19 (25.3%) observed, respectively. The results from the present study have indicated that CAPN10 (SNP19) shows no significant association with T2DM and more extensive studies on T2DM using candidate gene approach may provide better preventive measures and potential disease diagnostic tools
Detection and Prevalence of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus: Experience from Tertiary Care Hospital in Jaipur
Get PDFBackground: Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries. Emerging resistance to methicillin in this organism has left us with very few therapeutic alternatives to treat the infections caused by them. Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in clinical isolates of S. aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. aureus isolates due to the increasing prevalence of resistance to most antimicrobial agents in staphylococci signifies the need for new effective agents to treat staphylococcal infections. Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Sitapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan. All S. aureus isolates (non-repetitive) from different clinical samples received in clinical microbiology laboratory from in and outpatients in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, were included in the study. Results: Out of 157 erythromycin-resistant S. aureus, 74 (47.133%) show MS phenotype, 48 (30.57%) show inducible clindamycin resistance, and 35 (22.29%) show constitutive resistance. All 48 S. aureus isolates which showed inducible clindamycin resistances (D-test positive) were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing.In the present study, 100% sensitivity was observed by vancomycin, linezolid and tigecycline, followed by tetracycline, 89.58% and gentamicin, 83.33% while 100% resistivity were observed by levofloxacin. Conclusion: We can conclude that there is high percentage of inducible clindamycin resistance among Staphylococcus isolates. If D-test would not have been performed, many inducible clindamycin-resistant S. aureus could have been easily misidentified as clindamycin susceptible, leading to therapeutic failure. Thus, simple and reliable D-test can be incorporated into routine in clinical microbiology laboratory
Stroke-Related Risk Factors: A Review
Get PDFStroke (cerebrovascular accident) is the second leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. The major risk factors of stroke are categorized as modifiable and non-modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and smoking. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, genetic, gender, and race. Risk factors that are specific to women including pregnancy, postpartum period, and oral contraceptives, some psychological factors such as stress and depression are linked to stroke. The burden of stroke is increasing globally. Furthermore, because stroke treatment is not satisfactory, significant effort should be focused on reducing risk factors to reduce the disease’s effects. The current study will provide a better understanding of risk factors associated with stroke that may further lead to improved prevention of stroke