International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Parental Burnout Around the Globe: A 42-Country Study
No full textInternational audienceHigh levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children. It is not yet clear, however, whether parental burnout varies by culture, and if so, why it might do so. In this study, we examined the prevalence of parental burnout in 42 countries (17,409 parents; 71% mothers; Mage = 39.20) and showed that the prevalence of parental burnout varies dramatically across countries. Analyses of cultural values revealed that individualistic cultures, in particular, displayed a noticeably higher prevalence and mean level of parental burnout. Indeed, individualism plays a larger role in parental burnout than either economic inequalities across countries, or any other individual and family characteristic examined so far, including the number and age of children and the number of hours spent with them. These results suggest that cultural values in Western countries may put parents under heightened levels of stress
Exacerbation sévère d'asthme nécessitant la ventilation mécanique invasive à l'ère des techniques modernes de réanimation : une étude rétrospective bicentrique
No full textPatients with acute severe asthma (ASA) may in rare cases require invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). However, recent data on this issue are lacking. In this retrospective and bicentric study conducted on a 10 year period, we investigate the in-hospital mortality in patients withASArequiring IMV. We compare this mortality to that of patients with other types of respiratory distress using a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) model. Nowadays, the mortality of patients with ASA requiring IMV is low. Death is due to multi-organ failure, with cardiac arrest on day of admission being the most important risk factor. In patients who did not have cardiac arrest on day of admission the mortality is even lower (4%) which allows an aggressive management.Les patients présentant une exacerbation sévère d’asthme (ESA) peuvent dans de rares cas nécessiter le recours à la ventilation mécanique invasive (VMI). Cependant, les données récentes sur cette question font défaut. Dans cette étude rétrospective et bicentrique menée sur une période de 10 ans, nous avons étudié la mortalité intra-hospitalière chez les patients atteints d'ESA nécessitant la mise sous VMI. Nous avons comparé cette mortalité à celle des patients souffrant d'autres types de détresse respiratoire à l'aide d'un modèle de ratio standardisé de mortalité (SMR). De nos jours, la mortalité des patients atteints d’ESA nécessitant la VMI est faible. La mortalité est généralement due à une défaillance multiviscérale, un ACR le jour de l’admission étant le facteur de risque principal. Chez les patients qui n'ont pas présenté d’ACR le jour de leur admission, la mortalité est encore plus faible (4%), ce qui suggère d’entreprendre chez ces patients une prise en charge maximaliste, avec notamment le recours aux thérapies de sauvetage si nécessaire
Spin-resolved atomic orbital model refinement for combined charge and spin density analysis: application to the YTiO 3 perovskite
No full textInternational audienceA new crystallographic method is proposed in order to refine a spin-resolved atomic orbital model against X-ray and polarized neutron diffraction data. This atomic orbital model is applied to the YTiO 3 perovskite crystal, where orbital ordering has previously been observed by several techniques: X-ray diffraction, polarized neutron diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. This method gives the radial extension, orientation and population of outer atomic orbitals for each atom. The interaction term between Ti 3+ , Y 3+ cations and O 2− ligands has been estimated. The refinement statistics obtained by means of the orbital method are compared with those obtained by the multipole model previously published
Modélisation mathématique de la transmission de la maladie à virus Ebola et stratégies de contrôle
No full textThis research work focuses on mathematical modeling of the Ebola virus disease, while placing a particular emphasis on control strategies. The models that we propose are carefully analysed thanks to the combined method of Lyapunov and LaSalle, and/or graph therory. Firstly, we focus on an Ebola human-reservoir model with both direct and indirect transmission. Numerically, we show the impact of the manipulation/consumption of bats on the endemicity of the disease in the human population. Furthermore, we dwell on a model of Ebola with contact tracing and isolation. This model is mathematically analysed in the case where any of these control measures is perfect, and in the case where these control measures are imperfect. The numerical analysis of the model shows that a well-designed contact tracing (90% of cases), combined to a perfect isolation is better than any of these measures taken separetely. Afterwards, we pay attention to an Ebola model with vaccination, isolation and education of people to safe burial of the Ebola-deseased individuals. In the case where that pathology is endemic, we address the vaccination and the isolation-safe burial, optimally to reduce its level. Finally, we focus on the dynamics of Ebola in a metapopulation model with the exit screening at the exit-borders of patches. Numerically, we prove that, screening at the exit is less sensitive and can be unfavourable to the patches that implement it. Thus, we suggest screening at the entrance or the combination vaccination-screening at the exit, only implemented in the patch where the disease originated. These problems of optimal controls are resolved mathematically and numerically through the Forward backward sweep method.Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation mathématique de la maladie à virus Ebola en portant un accent particulier sur les stratégies de contrôle. Les modèles que nous proposons sont rigoureusement analysés grâce à la méthode combinée de Lyapunov et LaSalle, et/ou la théorie des graphes. Dans un premier temps, on s'intéresse à un modèle réservoir-humain d'Ebola avec transmission directe et indirecte. Numériquement, nous montrons l'impact de la manipulation /consommation des chauves-souris infectées sur l'endémicité de la maladie dans la population humaine. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous appesantissons sur un modèle d'Ebola avec recherche des contacts et isolement. Ce modèle est analysé mathématiquement dans le cas où l'une ou l'autre de ces mesures de contrôle est parfaite, et dans le cas où ces stratégies de contrôle sont imparfaites. L'analyse numérique du modèle nous montre que la recherche des contacts bien menée (à 90% des cas), combinée à un isolement parfait est meilleure que chacune de ces mesures prises séparement. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons à un modèle d'Ebola avec vaccination, isolement et éducation des populations à l'inhumation sans risque des décédés d'Ebola. Dans le cas où cette stratégie de contrôle est endémique, nous adressons la vaccination et l'isolement -inhumation sans risque des décédés de manière optimale, afin de réduire son degré. Enfin, nous nous appesantissons sur la dynamique d'Ebola dans un modèle de métapopulations avec dépistage à la sortie des patchs. Numériquement, nous prouvons que le dépistage à la sortie est peu sensible et peut être défavorable aux patchs qui l'implémentent. Ainsi, nous suggérons un dépistage à l'entrée des patchs ou la combinaison vaccination-dépistage à la sortie, implémentée uniquement dans le patch où la maladie a pris naissance. Ces problèmes optimaux sont résolus mathématiquement et numériquement grâce à la méthode de balayage progressif-retroprogressif
Characterisation of Asp669Tyr Piezo1 cation channel activity in red blood cells: an unexpected phenotype
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Introducing the Argumentation Framework Within Agent-Based Models to Better Simulate Agents' Cognition in Opinion Dynamics: Application to Vegetarian Diet Diffusion
No full textOpen CodeInternational audienceThis paper introduces a generic agent-based model simulating the exchange and the diffusion of pro and con arguments. It is applied to the case of the diffusion of vegetarian diets in the context of a potential emergence of a second nutrition transition. To this day, agent-based simulation has been extensively used to study opinion dynamics. However, the vast majority of existing models have been limited to extremely abstract and simplified representations of the diffusion process. These simplifications impairs the realism of the simulations and disables the understanding of the reasons for the shift of an actor's opinion. The generic model presented here explicitly represents exchanges of arguments between actors in the context of an opinion dynamic model. In particular, the inner attitude towards an opinion of each agent is formalized as an argumentation graph and each agent can share arguments with other agents. Simulation experiments show that introducing attacks between arguments and a limitation of the number of arguments mobilized by agents has a strong impact on the evolution of the agents' opinion. We also highlight that when a new argument is introduced into the system, the quantity and the profile of the agents receiving the new argument will impact the evolution of the overall opinion. Finally, the application of this model to vegetarian diet adoption seems consistent with historical food behaviour dynamics observed during crises
BML: An Efficient and Versatile Tool for BGP Dataset Collection
No full textInternational audienceThe Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is in charge of the route exchange at the Internet scale. Anomalies in BGP's behaviour can have several causes (e.g. mis-configuration, outage and attacks) and despite being rare, their consequences can threaten the Internet stability and reliability. The study of such anomalies requires the extraction of specific features and internet topology from BGP data. The literature shows that adhoc procedures and tools have been developed to extract specific features to train machine learning models for anomaly detection. In this paper we propose BML, a BGP dataset generation tool that extracts the majority of known features in the literature, the internet topology and that allows the user to build specific features from BGP data. We illustrate the use of BML on a BGP anomaly by extracting 32 synthetic features and 14 BGP's graphs features which allow a comprehensive understanding of the Border Gateway Protocol
metaXplor: an interactive viral and microbial metagenomic data manager
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Efficiently managing large, heterogeneous data in a structured yet flexible way is a challenge to research laboratories working with genomic data. Specifically regarding both shotgun- and metabarcoding-based metagenomics, while online reference databases and user-friendly tools exist for running various types of analyses (e.g., Qiime, Mothur, Megan, IMG/VR, Anvi'o, Qiita, MetaVir), scientists lack comprehensive software for easily building scalable, searchable, online data repositories on which they can rely during their ongoing research. Results: metaXplor is a scalable, distributable, fully web-interfaced application for managing, sharing, and exploring metagenomic data. Being based on a flexible NoSQL data model, it has few constraints regarding dataset contents and thus proves useful for handling outputs from both shotgun and metabarcoding techniques. By supporting incremental data feeding and providing means to combine filters on all imported fields, it allows for exhaustive content browsing, as well as rapid narrowing to find specific records. The application also features various interactive data visualization tools, ways to query contents by BLASTing external sequences, and an integrated pipeline to enrich assignments with phylogenetic placements. The project home page provides the URL of a live instance allowing users to test the system on public data. Conclusion: metaXplor allows efficient management and exploration of metagenomic data. Its availability as a set of Docker containers, making it easy to deploy on academic servers, on the cloud, or even on personal computers, will facilitate its adoption
Climate-driven fluxes of organic-bound uranium to an alpine lake overthe Holocene
No full textInternational audienceUranium (U) isotopic signatures and concentration in sediments are widely used as paleo-redox proxies, as the behavior of U is often controlled by bottom water oxygenation. Here, we investigated the processes controlling U accumulation in the sediments of Lake Nègre (Mediterranean Alps, South-East France) over the past 9200 years. Exceptionally high natural U concentrations (350-1250 μg.g-1) allowed the measurement of U along with other elements by high-resolution X-Ray Fluorescence core-scanning. Weathering and erosion proxies (Ti content, Zr/Al and K/Ti ratios) indicate that sedimentary inputs were controlled by Holocene climatic variations. After a period of low erosion during the Holocene Climatic Optimum, a major regime shift was recorded at 4.2 kyr BP when terrigenous fluxes consistently increased until present with high sensitivity to centennial-scale climatic events. Sedimentary organic matter (OM) inputs were dominated by terrigenous OM from the catchment soils until 2.4 kyr BP, as attested by carbon to nitrogen (C/N) and bromine to organic carbon (Br/TOC) ratios. From 2.4 kyr BP to present, lake primary production and soils equally contributed to sedimentary OM. Uranium fluxes to the sediments were well correlated to terrigenous OM fluxes from 7 kyr BP to present, showing that U supply to the lake was controlled by U scavenging in the soils of the watershed followed by transport of U bound to detrital organic particles. Higher U/OM ratios before 7 kyr BP likely reflect the development of the upstream wetland. The fluctuations of U sedimentary inputs appear to be independent of bottom water oxygenation, as estimated from constant Fe/Mn ratios and δ238U isotopic signatures, and rather controlled by the production, erosion and sedimentation of terrigenous OM. This finding confirms that the use of U (and potentially other metals with high affinity to OM) concentrations alone should be used with caution for paleo-redox reconstructions