International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Business analytics for managing performance of microfinance Institutions: A flexible management of the implementation process
No full textInternational audienceMicrofinance institutions are social enterprises that focus on the provision of financial services to poor populations excluded from the conventional banking system. These organizations face a double-bottom line, dealing simultaneously with a financial and social objective. The challenge of putting it into action is great, especially when there is a need to involve all stakeholders and to replicate the experience to new communities. One way to sustain both financial performance and social impacts is to develop a business analytics solution aiming at measuring and expanding social impacts in a financially sustainable way. This paper describes main elements to be considered, in particular the organizational context, the development process, and implementation issues that would facilitate or impede the deployment of a business analytics initiative in practice. Finally, two main components of the implementation process are specifically pointed out: a behavioral fit of the business analytics solution to the cultural context of the organization, and the country where it is deployed, and a flexible commitment in the management of the business analytics initiative implementation
MODELISATION BIDIMENSIONNELLE DES TRANSFORMATEURS PIEZOELECTRIQUES PAR L’APPROCHE POLYNOMIALE
No full textIn this work one-dimensional and two-dimensional semi-analytical models using the Legendre polynomial approach were applied for modeling the piezoelectric transformer. The electromechanical behavior of PT can be predicted by the model. The method consists in incorporating directly into the equations of motion the continuity and boundary conditions by the use of the delta function. In the 2D model, the mechanical displacements and the electric potential were expanded in a double series of orthonormal polynomials with an appropriate analytical form. The numerical results are presented such as resonance and anti-resonance frequencies, electrical input admittance and voltage gain. The validity of the model is confirmed through a comparison between the results using the polynomial approach and the results obtained from an analytical method for the1D model and from FEA and experimental results for the 2D model. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the proposed polynomial approach and the results from the literature for both the free and forced vibration analysis. The mechanical displacement, the load dependence, the dimension effect and the sensibility analysis are presented to illustrate our model. The 2D approach is able to predict the behavior of a wide and a long piezoelectric transformer.Dans ce travail, une étude unidimensionnelle puis bidimensionnelle d’un transformateur piézoélectrique (TP) de type Rosen utilisant une approche polynomiale est menée. Le modèle qui peut prédire les propriétés électromécaniques du TP consiste à incorporer dans les équations de propagation les conditions aux limites et de continuité en utilisant une fonction delta. Dans le modèle 1D seul le déplacement mécanique est décomposé en série de polynômes de Legendre tandis que dans le cas 2D les déplacements mécaniques et les potentiels électriques sont développés en série de produits de deux polynômes orthonormés avec une forme analytique pouvant tenir compte des conditions de continuité. Les résultats numériques comme les fréquences de résonance et d’antirésonance, l’admittance d’entrée électrique et le gain en tension sont présentés et comparés avec ceux obtenus analytiquement pour les cas 1D et avec ceux obtenus par la méthode des éléments finis 3D et des résultats expérimentaux dans le cas du modèle 2D. Une bonne concordance a été obtenue entre les résultats du modèle proposé et les résultats dans la littérature tant sur l’analyse harmonique que sur l’analyse modale ce qui nous conduit à l’exploitation de la méthode en calculant plusieurs grandeurs électromécaniques et en effectuant l’analyse des effets des variations des paramètres sur les caractéristiques du transformateur. Le modèle 2D peut être utilisé pour étudier un TP large
Revisiting the discrete planar Laplacian: exact results for the lattice Green function and continuum limit
No full textInternational audienc
La synecdoque ou l'essence du langage
No full textThere are two forbidden thresholds in the functioning of language: the infinied language that we have in proper names and the monolithic language that we find the use of lexical units as "thing," "thing," "thing." The monolithic language in which the same expression can say everything at any time will compromise communication out of context; Using proper names for each event will quickly overload memory and render the language infinite out of learning. To break these deadlocks, language uses synecdoche both as a cognitive possibility and as a possibility of memorization.Il y a deux seuils interdits dans le fonctionnement du langage : le langage infinitisé que nous avons dans les noms propres et le langage monolithique que nous retrouvons l’usage des unités lexicales comme « chose », « truc », « machin ». Le langage monolithique dans lequel la même expression pouvant tout dire à tout moment compromettra la communication hors contexte ; utiliser des noms propres pour chaque événement surchargera vite la mémoire et rendra le langage infinitisé hors apprentissage. Pour sortir de ces impasses, le langage a recours à la synecdoque à la fois comme possibilité cognitive et comme possibilité de mémorisation
Problématiser en analyse des pratiques : intérêts, obstacles, repères
No full textInternational audienc
Place du cannabidiol chez les patients épileptiques
No full textInternational audiencePlace du cannabidiol chez les patients épileptiques Cannabis sativa est une espèce végétale dont l'utilisation est controversée en raison de la présence du tétrahydrocannabinol (THC) psychoactif [1]. Cependant, elle produit également une autre molécule, le cannabidiol (CBD) aux diverses applications thérapeutiques. On attribue au CBD des propriétés analgésiques, antiémétiques ou encore anticonvulsivantes, lui valant sa potentielle utilisation en tant qu'antiépileptique. Il cible divers récepteurs dont les récepteurs cannabinoïdes (CB1 et CB2) mais aussi le GPR 55, découvert récemment [2] et prometteur pour la mise en place des futurs traitements. Parmi les propriétés anticonvulsivantes du CBD, les chercheurs se sont intéressés à ses effets dans les épilepsies pharmacorésistantes dont le syndrome de Dravet [3]. Utilisé de façon concomitante au Clobazam (CLB), une benzodiazépine, le CBD agirait donc aussi de façon indirecte sur les récepteurs GABA
Multi-phase seismic source imprint of tropical cyclones
No full textInternational audienceThe coupling between the ocean activity driven by winds and the solid Earth generates seismic signals recorded by seismometers worldwide. The 2-10 s period band, known as secondary microseism, represents the largest background seismic wavefield. While moving over the ocean, tropical cyclones generate particularly strong and localized sources of secondary microseisms that are detected remotely by seismic arrays. We assess and compare the seismic sources of P, SV, and SH waves associated with typhoon Ioke (2006) during its extra-tropical transition. To understand their generation mechanisms, we compare the observed multi-phase sources with theoretical sources computed with a numerical ocean wave model, and we assess the influence of the ocean resonance (or ocean site effect) and coastal reflection of ocean waves. We show how the location and lateral extent of the associated seismic source is period-and phase-dependent. This information is crucial for the use of body waves for ambient noise imaging and gives insights about the sea state, complementary to satellite data
A decision tree framework to support design, operation, and performance assessment of constructed wetlands for the removal of emerging organic contaminants
No full textInternational audienceThere is an increasing focus on research related to the removal of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) from wastewater by using constructed wetlands (CWs). However, research is lacking on translating the available scientific evidence into decision support tools. In this paper, a novel decision tree framework is developed and demonstrated. The proposed framework consists of five steps: (1) generate a list of EOCs by the analysis of the wastewater; (2) select the best type of CW for each of the selected EOCs; (3) select a final type of CW for the removal of the selected EOCs; (4) identify detailed design and operational features of the proposed CW such as, depth, area, plants, support matrix, hydraulic loading rate, organic loading rate, and hydraulic retention time; and (5) assess the expected removal efficiency of EOCs in the selected CW. A novel decision support tool, named as DTFT-CW, was developed to generate data and information for the application of the proposed decision tree framework. DTFT-CW (given as a supplementary material) was developed using Microsoft Excel 2016 to support decisions on the design, operation, and performance of CWs for the removal of 59 EOCs (33 pharmaceuticals-PhCs, 15 personal care products-PCPs, and 11 steroidal hormones-SHs). The paper demonstrates the usefulness of the developed decision-making tools by considering 19 EOCs (13 PhCs, one PCPs, and five SHs) as an example, which pose high environmental risk and are on the European Union watch list (six of the 19 EOCs). An integrated design of HCW (combining vertical flow CW, horizontal flow CW-HFCW, and free water surface CW) is recommended for the treatment of multiple EOCs instead of a single type of CW such as HFCW that is most widely used in practice. The proposed tools could be useful for decision makers such as policy makers, design engineers, and researchers
Impact of the temperature on calendar aging of an open cathode fuel cell stack
No full textInternational audienceThis paper deals with calendar aging of a proton exchange membrane open-cathode fuel cell. Calendar aging is already developed for energy sources as supercapacitor and batteries but the literature is very poor for fuel cell stacks. However, this kind of test is necessary to determine the actual lifetime of the system without running it and to define the aging impact of the storage of such a system. One possible outcome for fuel cells is to provide electricity in remote areas without connection to the grid. This issue becomes even more challenging under hard environmental conditions, especially in areas with possible negative ambient temperatures. Experimental research on the degradation of open cathode fuel cells under these tricky conditions is needed to investigate the impact of resting states on the fuel cell lifetime and to evaluate the impact of the sub-zero temperatures on the performance losses
Effet de l’indice de masse corporelle sur le devenir en réanimation de patients traités par ECMO veino-artérielle pour choc cardiogénique
No full textBackground: The prognosis of obese patients in intensive care is subject to debate. However, obesity is still considered a relative contraindication to veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for refractory cardiogenic shock. Therefore, we investigated the link between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in intensive care.Methods: In this retrospective and single-center study, all patients undergoing VA-ECMO between January 2014 and December 2019 were included. The primary outcome was mortality in intensive care unit.Results: Among the 150 patients included and according to the WHO’s definitions, 10 patients were underweight (BMI < 18.5), 62 were normal weight (BMI = 18.5-24.9), 34 were overweight (BMI = 25.0-29.9), 34 were class I obese (BMI = 30.0-34.9) and 10 were class II obese (BMI = 35.0-39.9). The mortality rate was 62% (underweight, 70%; normal, 53%; overweight, 65%; class I obese, 71%; class II obese, 70%). After multivariable logistic regression, BMI was not associated with ICU mortality (OR 0.991 [0.92 - 1.07], p = 0.8). Analysis by BMI class showed a more unfavorable trend in underweight patients (OR 3.58 [0.816-19.6], p = 0.11). There were no significant differences in incidences of nosocomial infection, bleeding and stroke among the different weight categories. Conclusion: BMI was not associated with mortality in our study. Obesity alone should not be an exclusion criterion for VA-ECMO. However, a more unfavorable trend appeared in underweight patients.Introduction : Le pronostic du patient obèse en réanimation est sujet à débat. L’obésité reste cependant considérée comme une contre-indication relative à l’assistance circulatoire par membrane d’oxygénation extracorporelle veino-artérielle (ECMO VA) lors d’un choc cardiogénique réfractaire. Ainsi, nous avons étudié le lien entre l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et le devenir du patient en réanimation.Méthodes : Dans cette une étude rétrospective et monocentrique, tous les patients traités par ECMO VA de janvier 2014 à décembre 2019 étaient inclus. Le critère de jugement primaire était la mortalité en réanimation.Résultats : Parmi les 150 patients inclus et selon les définitions de l’OMS, 10 étaient insuffisants pondéraux (IMC < 18.5), 62 étaient normo-corpulents (IMC = 18.5-24.9), 34 étaient en surpoids (IMC = 25.0-29.9), 34 étaient obèses modérés (IMC = 30.0-34.9) et 10 étaient obèses sévères (IMC = 35.0-39.9). Le taux de mortalité en réanimation était de 62% (insuffisance pondérale, 70% ; normo-corpulence, 53% ; surpoids, 65% ; obésité modérée, 71% ; obésité sévère, 70% ; p = 0.94). Après analyses multivariées, l’IMC n’était pas associé à la mortalité en réanimation (OR 0.991 [0.92-1.07], p = 0.8). L’analyse par classe retrouvait une tendance plus défavorable chez les patients insuffisants pondéraux (OR 3.58 [0.816-19.6], p = 0.11). Il n’y avait pas de différence de taux d’infections nosocomiales, de saignements et d’AVC selon les classes pondérales.Conclusion : L’IMC n’était pas associé à la mortalité dans notre étude. L’obésité sévère seule ne devrait pas exclure l’implantation d’une ECMO VA. Cependant, une tendance plus défavorable se dessinait chez les patients insuffisants pondéraux