International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Response of upland rice variety to plant population under the low land agro-ecology of Bench Sheko Zone, South-west Ethiopia
Get PDFPlant population has a strong influence on rice yield. A field experiment was conducted during the 2017 and 2018 main cropping seasons at Guraferda district in Bench Sheko Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum plant population and appropriate variety on grain yield and yield components of upland rice. The experiment was carried out using RCBD with three replications. Five levels of plant populations (60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 kg ha-1) and three levels of genotypes (Nerica-4, Suparica-1, and Local check) were studied. The main effect of plant population and variety had significant (p<0.05) for most of the parameters investigated. However, the interaction effect had only statistically significant for the number of tillers, panicles, and grain yield. The combined results showed that the maximum grain yield of 5553.3, 5491.0, 5252.5, 5047.6, 5043.1, and 4955.6 kg ha-1 were obtained at the respective treatment combinations of Suparica-1 with 80, Suparica-1 with 100, Local check with 140, Suparica-1 with 120, and Local check with 120 and 100 kg ha-1 plant populations. In addition to the above result, a Partial budget analysis was also carried out to determine the economic optimum plant population for production. Accordingly, the combination of Suparica-1 at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 was appropriate to get a better yield and higher economic benefit. Therefore, it can be possible to suggest the finding for wider production.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 94-100, June 202
Performance evaluation and sensory acceptability of improved cooking banana varieties in low land areas of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia
Get PDFCooking banana is a type of banana mainly cultivated for its fruit, which is eaten as cooked as a vegetable in many food insecurity areas. The experiment was conducted at Dasenech Woreda where food insecurity and malnutrition is the main problem to evaluate the performance of cooking banana varieties for Fruit yield and boiling suitability. Four improved cooking banana verities (Cardaba, Nijiru, Matoke and Kitawira) were used as a treatment and arranged in RCBD with three replications. All the growth, agronomic and sensory acceptability data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.0 computer software. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant (P≤0.05) differences among the varieties on day of flowering, day of maturity, plant height, fruit weight, number of hands per bunch, bunch weight and total fruit yield. The early date flowering (112) and date of maturing (203.33), as well as the highest number of hands per bunch (8.66), were observed on the variety Matoke. The higher mean value of average fruit weight (168.33 g), bunch weight (15.66 kg) and total yield (23.46 ton ha-1) were observed on the variety Kitawira followed by Mattoke. For panelists scoring preference, the sensory acceptability means scores of boiled Mattoke, Cardoba and Nijru verities showed positive acceptability value from like slightly (Nijiru) to like very much (Mattoke) while Kitawara showed a negative acceptability level. Therefore, the variety Mattoke was identified as the early maturing, moderately yielder and best sensory quality accepted as compared to other varieties that could be recommended to demonstrate in the study area.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 161-165, June 202
Extraction and Physicochemical Composition of Irvingiagabonensis Almond Oil: A Potential Healthy Source of Lauric-Myristic Oil
No full textInternational audienceIrvingia gabonensis is a non-timber forest product, whose fruit contains an edible fat-rich kernel. This fat can be used not only in human food but also as a source of raw materials in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. This work aimed to provide a physicochemical description of components present in the almonds and butter of I. gabonensis. Oil was extracted by soxhlet and hot-pressing from almonds. Cryo-MEB analyses allowed the observation of oleosomes in which the triglycerides of almonds are located. The triglyceride profile and the fatty acids profile of the butter were determined by gas chromatography, and a statistical analysis was performed. The thermal properties of oil were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. The results revealed that oil bodies have sizes ranging from 30 to 60 µm. With a 63.8 ± 0.2% fat content, I. gabonensis is composed of 98.4% triglycerides. The hot-pressing yield is 47.9%. The main triglycerides are essentially made up of lauric (38.5 ± 0.1%) and myristic (51.9 ± 0.2%) acids. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the butter melted at 43.4 °C and decomposed at 415.2 °C. These results show that I. gabonensis butter may be proposed as a good source of lauric acid for food and nutrition
The North Sistan orogen (Eastern Iran): Tectono-metamorphic evolution and significance within the Tethyan realm
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The 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga Eruption History as Inferred From Ionospheric Observations
No full textInternational audienceOn 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano erupted violently and triggered a giant atmospheric shock wave and tsunami. The exact mechanism of this extraordinary eruptive event, its size and magnitude are not well understood yet. In this work, we analyze data from the nearest ground-based receivers of Global Navigation Satellite System to explore the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) response to this event. We show that the ionospheric response consists of a giant TEC increase followed by a strong long-lasting depletion. We observe that the explosive event of 15 January 2022 began at 04:05:54UT and consisted of at least five explosions. Based on the ionospheric TEC data, we estimate the energy released during the main major explosion to be between 9 and 37 Megatons in trinitrotoluene equivalent. This is the first detailed analysis of the eruption sequence scenario and the timeline from ionospheric TEC observations
Long-range optical instruments for high resolution monitoring of natural and geoindustrial sites in harsh environments
No full textInternational audienceIn many areas with high telluric hazard, our understanding of the seismogenic and mechanical processes is limited by the difficulty or impossibility to deploy arrays of high-performance seismometers or of other geophysical sensors, due to high cost (e.g., offshore) and/or hazard (e.g., lightning, active volcano, high T in boreholes...) of the maintenance.This led us to develop several optical instruments: the principle is to separate, by a long (plurikilometric) optical fiber, the robust mechanical part of the sensor from the opto-electronic part. The latter interrogates the sensor through the long fiber and measures its internal deformation with Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometry. For 10 years, seismometer and tiltmeter prototypes have been qualified and installed at relevant sites by ESEO-LAUM, IPGP and their partners: LSSB (ANR LINEs), La Soufrière Volcano (ANR HIPERSIS), off the Saintes archipelago (INTERREG Caraïbes). More recently, we installed new generation of fiber optic strainmeters in the Garpenberg mine in Sweden (ANR FIMOPTIC) and on the Stromboli volcano. All these sensors are driven by an innovative optoelectronic system, which performs all our signal processing algorithms and provides data in real time. This interrogator has been designed, developed, qualified, produced, and improved by the ESEO-Tech team over years.We present here an overview of these systems and some results from field applications, which might open promising perspectives for monitoring networks in natural or industrial environment (geoindustries or civil engineering)
Une activité illicite en plein essor au Gabon : le trafic de médicaments contrefaits
No full textInternational audienceThe traffic of counterfeit medicines is a practice that is developing in Gabonese cities. It is illicit in nature and has its roots in the various economic crises that Gabon has experienced over the past thirty years. The factors that contribute to its development are the porosity of the borders and the weakness of penal sanctions. This activity takes place both on the bangs and in parallel with the legal practice of pharmacy. The objective of this study is to analyze spatially this new form of transgression of the law. Thus, our reflection is based on the interrogation of the various stakes which result from it, before proceeding to the identification of the actors and their methods. To achieve this, several techniques of information gatheringwere associated : direct observation ; documentary research ; interviews with the salesmen of the pharmacies on the ground, the pharmacists, the municipal agents, the policemen… It appears that the traffic of counterfeit drugs is a lucrative activity, but its impact on society is devastating on the sanitary (intensification of certain diseases, drug intoxication…), social and economic levels (loss of income for public finances, unfair competition with pharmaceutical pharmacies…).Le trafic de médicaments contrefaits est une pratique qui se développe dans les villes gabonaises. De nature illicite, elle trouve son fondement dans les différentes crises économiques que le Gabon a subies depuis une trentaine d’années. Les facteurs qui concourent à son développement sont la porosité des frontières et la faiblesse des sanctions pénales. Cette activité se déroule à la fois à la marge et en parallèle de l’exercice légal de la pharmacie. L’objectif poursuivi par cette étude est d’analyser spatialement cette nouvelle forme de transgression de la loi. Ainsi, notre réflexion se fonde sur l’interrogation des différents enjeux qui en résulte, préalablement, on procédera à l’identification des acteurs et de leurs méthodes. Pour y parvenir, plusieurs techniques de recueil d’information ont été associées : l’observation directe ; la recherche documentaire ; des entretiens avec les vendeurs des pharmacies par terre, les pharmaciens, les consommateurs, les agents municipaux, les policiers… Il ressort de cela que le trafic de médicaments contrefaits est une activité lucrative dont les profits sont considérables, mais son impact dans la société est dévastateur tant sur les plans sanitaires (intensification de certaines maladies, intoxication médicamenteuse…), sociaux et économiques (manque à gagner pour les finances publiques, concurrence déloyale avec les officines pharmaceutiques…)
Integrating Multidisciplinary Observations in Vent Environments (IMOVE): Decadal Progress in Deep-Sea Observatories at Hydrothermal Vents
No full textInternational audienceThe unique ecosystems and biodiversity associated with mid-ocean ridge (MOR) hydrothermal vent systems contrast sharply with surrounding deep-sea habitats, however both may be increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activity (e.g., mining activities at massive sulphide deposits). Climate change can alter the deep-sea through increased bottom temperatures, loss of oxygen, and modifications to deep water circulation. Despite the potential of these profound impacts, the mechanisms enabling these systems and their ecosystems to persist, function and respond to oceanic, crustal, and anthropogenic forces remain poorly understood. This is due primarily to technological challenges and difficulties in accessing, observing and monitoring the deep-sea. In this context, the development of deep-sea observatories in the 2000s focused on understanding the coupling between sub-surface flow and oceanic and crustal conditions, and how they influence biological processes. Deep-sea observatories provide long-term, multidisciplinary time-series data comprising repeated observations and sampling at temporal resolutions from seconds to decades, through a combination of cabled, wireless, remotely controlled, and autonomous measurement systems. The three existing vent observatories are located on the Juan de Fuca and Mid-Atlantic Ridges (Ocean Observing Initiative, Ocean Networks Canada and the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory). These observatories promote stewardship by defining effective environmental monitoring including characterizing biological and environmental baseline states, discriminating changes from natural variations versus those from anthropogenic activities, and assessing degradation, resilience and recovery after disturbance. This highlights the potential of observatories as valuable tools for environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the context of climate change and other anthropogenic activities, primarily ocean mining. This paper provides a synthesis on scientific advancements enabled by the three observatories this last decade, and recommendations to support future studies through international collaboration and coordination. The proposed recommendations include: i) establishing common global scientific questions and identification of Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) specific to MORs, ii) guidance towards the effective use of observatories to support and inform policies that can impact society, iii) strategies for observatory infrastructure development that will help standardize sensors, data formats and capabilities, and iv) future technology needs and common sampling approaches to answer today’s most urgent and timely questions
"La metáfora del espejo en la construcción de la memoria no hegemónica en El año del viento (2021) de Karina Pacheco"
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États africains et souveraineté fragmentée : L'urgence d'un « Pacte d'avenir commun africain »
No full textInternational audienceLa souveraineté en tant que principe situé à la lisière du politique et du juridique constitue l’objet de la présente réflexion dans sa nature et dans ses manifestations lorsqu’elle concerne les Etats africains. En effet, si la modernité philosophique explique même théoriquement le fondement des Etats occidentaux à partir de la théorie du pacte/contrat social, cette théorie ne saurait s’appliquer aux Etats africains qui sont le fruit de la colonisation. Nous voulons examiner les raisons de la difficile appropriation de la souveraineté par ces derniers à partir d’une méthode analytique et critique, qui vise à montrer que si longtemps après les indépendances nos Etats n’arrivent pas à trouver de stabilité sur le plan politique, cela est dû en partie à la nature de l’Etat tel qu’il leur a été imposé d’une part, et à l’ingérence des tiers dans sa gestion d’autre part, avec comme finalité, la prescription d’un nouveau type de pacte