International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Une approche de la Low-tech dans l’Enseignement Supérieur et la Recherche
No full textInternational audienc
Study and experimentation of a 6-dB attenuation low-pass NGD circuit
No full textInternational audienceBecause of its counterintuitive nature, the Negative Group Delay (NGD) remains as an uncommon and unfamiliar electronic function. For this reason, the design and analysis of NGD circuits are not well-known for most of electronic designers. This paper initiates a basic and easy to understand theory, in addition to a design methodology for the low-pass NGD function. The circuit theory on the low-pass NGD function is described using an NGD passive topology which is constituted by a RC-parallel network with a resistive load. The NGD analysis and synthesis equations in function of NGD specifications are provided and a proof-of-concept of 6-dB low-pass NGD circuits has been designed, simulated, fabricated and tested. Frequency and time domain analyses have been performed to validate the low-pass NGD function. Theoretical and simulated results are in very good agreement and an NGD has been obtained in measurement for the proposed structur
High Resolution Dynamical Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Measurements During the BIO‐MAÏDO Field Campaign (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean)
No full textInternational audienceThis study presents a high-resolution dynamical analysis of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) concentrations measured from March 11 to April 4 2019 at Réunion Island during the BIO-MAÏDO (Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo: processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols formation) campaign. We detail the dynamical and chemical processes that govern atmospheric VOC concentrations at two targeted sites of the western slope of Réunion Island: Petite France (PF), 950 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and Maïdo Observatory (MO), 2150 m a.s.l. A dynamical connection between PF and MO is found during four selected days: March 28 and 31, April 1 and 3. Trajectory calculations using the coupling of Meso-Computing Advection-interpolation of atmospheric parameters and Trajectory tool (CAT) (100 m horizontal resolution of Meso-NH high-resolution non-hydrostatic model and the CAT trajectory model) Lagrangian transport model showed that air masses were dynamically linked between the two measurements sites for 44.8% of the time during the complete campaign. Trajectories from the Meso-CAT model combined with the Corine Land Cover-2018 register shows that backward-trajectories are frequently located above biogenic area (mixed forest, 8%–67% of total number trajectory point) and cultures area (e.g., sugar cane plantation, 0%–21%). Regarding VOCs concentrations, air masses coming from downhill MO are associated with significant measured concentrations of isoprene, isoprene oxidation products and benzene. Averaged concentration daytime ratios of isoprene and isoprene oxidation products from PF to MO are 0.73 ± 1.01 and 0.26 ± 0.26 respectively illustrating a loss of these VOCs due to deposition, oxidation, or possibility dilution on clouds
Host range and molecular variability of the sadwavirus dioscorea mosaic associated virus
No full textInternational audienceDioscorea mosaic associated virus (DMaV) is a member of the genus Sadwavirus, family Secoviridae, that is associated with mosaic symptoms in Dioscorea rotundata in Brazil. The genome of a DMaV isolate detected in D. trifida in Guadeloupe was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. Using an RT-PCR-based detection assay, we found that DMaV infects D. alata, D. bulbifera, D. cayenensis-rotundata, D. esculenta, and D. trifida accessions conserved in Guadeloupe and Côte d’Ivoire and displays a very high level of molecular diversity in a relatively small region of the genome targeted by the assay. We also provide evidence that DMaV is also present in D. rotundata in Benin and in D. alata in Nigeria
Adapter ou contextualiser ? Une question récurrente et un défi majeur pour l’enseignement de l’histoire et de la géographie dans les territoires d’outre-mer
No full textInternational audienceEnseigner, a fortiori lorsqu’on enseigne en contexte ultramarin, oblige de fait à mettre en place un enseignement contextualisé. Le défi majeur est d’adapter l’enseignement en tenant compte des « spécificités locales ». Le terme même d’adaptation, déjà utilisé à l’époque coloniale et repris dans les adaptations de programmes actuelles, s’avère polysémique. La contextualisation a souvent été réduite à une adaptation des contenus d’enseignement. S’il y a bien un art d’adapter, celui-ci relève le plus souvent d’une contextualisation faible qui ne prend pas véritablement en compte le point de vue des acteurs ni les méthodes pour y parvenir
A New Versatile Method for the Reconstruction of Scintillator-Based Muon Telescope Events
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a new method to process the data recorded with muon telescopes. We have developed this processing method for the plastic scintillator-based hodoscopes located around the volcano La Soufrière de Guadeloupe, in the French Lesser Antilles, in order to perform muon radiographies of the lava dome region, strongly impacted by the volcanic hydrothermal activity. Our method relies on particle trajectory reconstruction, performing a fit of the recorded hits in the impacted scintillator bars using a Random Sample Consensus algorithm. This algorithm is specifically built to discriminate outlier points, usually due to noise hits, in the data. Thus, it is expected to significantly improve the signal/noise separation in muon track hits and to obtain higher quality estimates of the particles' incident trajectories in our detectors. The first analysis of the RANSAC-reconstructed events offers promising results in terms of average density maps. To illustrate the performances of this algorithm, we provide angular resolution and reconstruction efficiency estimates using a GEANT4 simulation of a telescope equipped with four detection matrices. In addition, we also show preliminary results from open-sky data recorded with such telescope at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe volcano
Analysis of technical efficiency and its determinants among tobacco producers in Uganda: An application of data envelopment analysis
Get PDFThis study aimed at analyzing technical efficiency and its determinants among tobacco producers in Uganda. To achieve this, primary data were drawn from 200 tobacco farmers using semi-structured questionnaires. In order to determine the technical efficiency and its determinants, Data envelopment analysis and Tobit regression model were used for the analysis respectively. From the results, we observed that the mean TE was 49%, implying that the farmers were 51% inefficient. Furthermore, input prices, land size, farmers’ age, farm income and farm location were found to be the determinants of technical efficiency. This study recommended that the government should subsidize farm inputs as well as training the farmers on input combinations in order to increase technical efficiency level.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 24-29, June 202
How do youth innovate to make agriculture gainful? Challenges and youth entrepreneurs in mid-western Uganda
Get PDFThe global population is expected to increase to 9 billion by 2050, with the youth accounting for 14 per cent of this total. While the world\u27s youth population is expected to grow, employment and entrepreneurial opportunities for youth, particularly those living in low and middle-income countries remain limited, poorly remunerated and of poor quality. The Ugandan population, in particular, is largely comprised of a high youthful population with 78 percent below the age of thirty. Evidence reveals that youth engagement in agriculture is declining, and in recognition of the agricultural sector\u27s potential to serve as a source of livelihood opportunities, this study assesses the factors impeding youth engagement and the drivers of innovation among the youth engaged in agricultural enterprises in Mid-Western Uganda. Anchoring in the Agricultural Innovation System (AIS), cross-sectional survey and case study research designs were employed to establish the innovativeness of youth, and the factors impeding engagement in agricultural enterprises from the youth\u27s perspective. A pairwise ranking of the factors was also independently done. The findings reveal that the significant factors restraining youth engagement in agricultural enterprises as enhancing soil productivity, access to relevant technical knowledge and information, and access to land for production. The major innovations for successful youth engagement in agriculture are irrigation to reduce risks of dependence on rain, mechanization to reduce labour struggle, and market linkages. The case studies\u27 innovation index portrays a high potential of innovativeness of youth to revolutionize and make agriculture gainful and attractive to the youth.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 39-44, June 202
The market chain analysis of live cattle in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study focus on market chain actors and their functions they play in the market, to analyze the S-C-P of live cattle in the study area. Few traders dominated the market structure of live cattle in the study area. Degree of competition between traders varies and the live cattle market structure varies from loose oligopoly to tight oligopoly. This shows that in the study area few traders dominated market shares and earns abnormal profit. Entry barriers of the market are high market distant, characterize the market of live cattle and high transportation cost. In addition, market the structure varies for each cattle type.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 56-66, June 202
Assessment of rural and peri-urban youths’ participation in micro and small agricultural enterprises in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFThe Ethiopian government has a package of encouraging youths to participate in small and micro agricultural enterprises by giving legal certificate for youths who were organized in-group to start the business by providing financial supports in terms of credit. However, youths are less willing to participate in agricultural enterprises. Even after being organized into groups and having supports from government, some of them were not starting the business and some were interrupting the business they have been organized. Due to these, huge amount of money from the government, which was allocated for this purpose, is not being used as expected. Therefore, this study was intended to assess factors affecting rural and peri-urban youth participation in agricultural enterprises in Bena-Tsemay and Debubi Ari woreda of south omo zone. Two-stage sampling technique was used to select 155 sample households. Logit model was used to analyze determinants of youth\u27s participation in agricultural enterprises. The result of this study indicated that 32.3% respondents were participated and 67.7% were not participated in enterprises. Econometric results revealed that variables such as farm size, institutional capacity building, and weather road significantly affected youths’ participation in agricultural enterprises at 1% and 5% significance level. The study recommends that the provision of land for the agricultural enterprises should consider the size/type of the enterprises that youth are willingness to participate. The government should specify the institution/sector to enterprise type and consideration of all-weather roads for each enterprise type during organizing youth in different agricultural enterprises is important.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 84-93, June 202