International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Marketing system of summer tomato in Jashore district of Bangladesh
Get PDFThe study was conducted for the assessment of marketing system of summer tomato in Jashore. Summer tomato had high demand and high value crop in summer season among the consumers. Data were collected from 30 randomly selected tomato farmers and 60 traders from different market of Jashore district of Bangladesh during July-October, 2019. Farmer, faria, bepari, wholesaler, commission agents and retailer were involved in marketing of summer tomato. Marketing cost of farmar, faria, bepari, wholesaler, retailer (urban) and retailer (rural) were 430.00, 691.00, 2184.00, 2443.00, 1857.00 and 1074.00 Tk ton-1, respectively. Net margin or profit of the faria, bepari, wholesaler and retailer were 1300.00, 817.00, 557.00 and 2143.00 Tk ton-1, respectively. There were seven marketing channel exist in tomato marketing. Total marketing cost of all intermediaries was 7604.00 Tk ton-1 and net margin was 4826.00 Tk ton-1. Marketing efficiency was 2.25. Price spread between consumer paid and producer received was 8000.00 Tk ton-1. On the other hand, producer share was 78 percent. Spoilage and damage, transportation and packaging were the main marketing problem of summer tomato.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 12-17, June 202
Effects of seed rate and inter row spacing on yield and yield components of food barley in Semen Ari Woreda, Ethiopia
Get PDFA field experiment was carried out for two successive cropping seasons in 2017 and 2018 at Shama Bulket, Semen Ari Woreda, South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, to determine optimum seed rate and inter-row spacing for food barley production. The experiment involved a factorial combination of three seed rates (80, 100 and 120 kg ha-1) and three inter-row spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated the treatments had significant effect in all parameters except plant height and spike length. Based on the result of this study, use of 30 cm inter-row spacing and 120 kg ha-1 seed rate is superior in grain yield (4481 kg ha-1) and total biomass (14.6 t ha-1). Therefore, use of 30 cm inter row spacing with seeding rate of 120 kg ha-1 can be recommended for food barley production at Shama Bulket kebele and its vicinity.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 34-38, June 202
Climate-inferred distribution estimates of mid-to-late Pliocene hominins
No full textInternational audienceDuring the mid-to-late Pliocene (ca. 4–3 Ma), several hominin species were present in central Sahel, eastern andsouthern Africa. The potential for the discovery of hominin remains from this interval is limited by the availabilityof exposed Pliocene deposits and the ability to investigate them. As a result, most discoveries have beenmade in the Afar region of Ethiopia and in the Lake Turkana basin, thus unveiling only a portion of Pliocenehominins' probable geographical presence. In this study we provide a continental view of geographic areaspotentially accessible to these hominins. To do so, we estimate the climatic envelope suitable for mid-to-latePliocene hominin presence, using the earth system model IPSL-CM5A and the Maxent habitat suitability algorithm.Our analysis reveals high habitat suitability for these hominin species in semi-arid regions where annualthermal amplitude and mean annual precipitation are moderate, mostly corresponding to tropical xerophyticshrublands. Our habitat model estimates geographically continuous, suitable climatic conditions for homininsbetween central Sahel and northeastern Africa, but not between eastern and southern Africa. This discontinuitysuggests that southern African and eastern African hominins were separated by an environmental barrier thatcould only be crossed during particularly favourable periods or by undertaking long-range dispersal overclimatically hostile habitats. Under climate conditions of northern hemisphere summer at perihelion this climaticbarrier is not present. In contrast, the Turkana basin, the Laetoli region, and a large part of southern Africaremain suitable for all precession angles, suggesting that these areas may have functioned as refugia. The constantpresence of these stable areas combined with the periodic establishment of corridors for dispersion canpotentially explain hominin diversity in eastern Africa
Mitigation Strategies to Improve Reproducibility of Poverty Estimations From Remote Sensing Images Using Deep Learning
No full textInternational audienceThe challenges of Reproducibility and Replicability (R & R) in computer science experiments have become a focus of attention in the last decade, as efforts to adhere to good research practices have increased. However, experiments using Deep Learning (DL) remain difficult to reproduce due to the complexity of the techniques used. Challenges such as estimating poverty indicators (e.g. wealth index levels) from remote sensing imagery, requiring the use of huge volumes of data across different geographic locations, would be impossible without the use of DL technology. To test the reproducibility of DL experiments, we report a review of the reproducibility of three DL experiments which analyse visual indicators from satellite and street imagery. For each experiment, we identify the challenges found in the datasets, methods and workflows used. As a result of this assessment we propose a checklist incorporating relevant FAIR principles to screen an experiment for its reproducibility. Based on the lessons learned from this study, we recommend a set of actions aimed to improve the reproducibility of such experiments and reduce the likelihood of wasted effort. We believe that the target audience is broad, from researchers seeking to reproduce an experiment, authors reporting an experiment, or reviewers seeking to assess the work of others
Acteurs et facteurs de la congestion automobile dans la commune de la Gombe / ville de Kinshasa
No full textCar congestion has become one of the major problems of urban mobility in Kinshasa. It is the result of commuting between the working-class neighborhoods and the city center. Traffic jams have reached a critical level in the commune of Gombe, which houses the city center. Field surveys were conducted among targeted actors (drivers, police officers, pedestrians, informal vendors along the avenues, passengers, ...) with a sample of 2549 people interviewed out of a statistical population of 7648, a laboratory processing with Arc GIS 9.3.3 software was conducted.The results showed inventoried 12 congestion sites of which : 5 on the Boulevard du 30juin (between Avenue Batetela and carrefour socimat,between 24November and Gombe Cemetery, between SONAS and the Chancellery of Heroes and between the presidential gallery and carrefour Sabena... On Avenue de 24 Novembre 3 sites (between Avenue de la science and Avenue des livres, between ISC and the Empire building, between Avenue de la science and Sergent MOKE) and the other avenues often have only one site Avenue Poids Lourds between the naval force and the Bralima entrance, Avenue Kasa Vubu between Avenue de Commerce and Rwakandingi; on Kasai Avenue between Commerce and Rwakadingi Avenues; on Sergent Moke Avenue between Avenue de l'Union Africaine (OUA) and Boulevard du 30Juin.This study shows that there is a need to elaborate a new development plan for the city taking into account the local realities of the commune of Gombe. Finally, to have a quality, accessible, available, fluid and sustainable transport system.La congestion automobile est devenue l'un des grands problèmes de mobilité urbaine à Kinshasa. C'est le résultat des mouvements pendulaires entre les quartiers populaires et le centre-ville. Les embouteillages ont atteint le seuil critique dans la commune de la Gombe qui abrite le centreville. Les enquêtes de terrain ont été menées auprès des acteurs ciblés (chauffeurs, policiers, piétons, vendeurs informels le long des avenues, passagers, …) avec échantillon de 2549 personnes interviewées sur une population statistique de 7648, un traitement en laboratoire avec le logiciel Arc GIS 9.3.3 a été réalisé. Les résultats ont inventorié 12 sites de congestion dont : 5 sur le boulevard du 30juin (entre l'avenue Batetela et carrefour SOCIMAT, entre l'avenue 24 Novembre et cimetière de la Gombe, entre SONAS et la chancellerie des Héros et entre la galerie présidentielle et carrefour Sabena…, sur l'Avenue de 24 Novembre 3 sites (entre l'avenue de le science et celle des livres ,entre ISC et le bâtiment Empire, entre les avenues de la science et Sergent MOKE) et les autres avenues ont souvent un seul site avenue Poids Lourds entre la force navale et l'entrée Bralima, avenue Kasa Vubu entre les avenues de Commerce et Rwakandingi ;sur l'avenue Kasai entre les avenues commerce et Rwakadingi ;sur l'avenue Sergent Moke entre l'avenue de l'Union Africaine (OUA) et le Boulevard du 30Juin. Cette étude montre qu'il y a nécessité d'élaborer un nouveau plan d'aménagement de la ville en tenant compte des réalités locales de la commune de la Gombe. Enfin d'avoir un système de transport de qualité, accessible, disponible, fluide et durable
Combining Imaging Flow Cytometry and Machine Learning for High-Throughput Schistocyte Quantification: A SVM Classifier Development and External Validation Cohort.
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: Schistocyte counts are a cornerstone of the diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy syndrome (TMA). Their manual quantification is complex and alternative automated methods suffer from pitfalls that limit their use. We report a method combining imaging flow cytometry (IFC) and artificial intelligence for the direct label-free and operator-independent quantification of schistocytes in whole blood. METHODS: We used 135,045 IFC images from blood acquisition among 14 patients to extract 188 features with IDEAS\textregistered software and 128 features from a convolutional neural network (CNN) with Keras framework in order to train a support vector machine (SVM) blood elements' classifier used for schistocytes quantification. FINDING: Keras features showed better accuracy (94.03%, CI: 93.75-94.31%) than ideas features (91.54%, CI: 91.21-91.87%) in recognising whole-blood elements, and together they showed the best accuracy (95.64%, CI: 95.39-95.88%). We obtained an excellent correlation (0.93, CI: 0.90-0.96) between three haematologists and our method on a cohort of 102 patient samples. All patients with schistocytosis (>1% schistocytes) were detected with excellent specificity (91.3%, CI: 82.0-96.7%) and sensitivity (100%, CI: 89.4-100.0%). We confirmed these results with a similar specificity (91.1%, CI: 78.8-97.5%) and sensitivity (100%, CI: 88.1-100.0%) on a validation cohort (n=74) analysed in an independent healthcare centre. Simultaneous analysis of 16 samples in both study centres showed a very good correlation between the 2 imaging flow cytometers (Y=1.001x). INTERPRETATION: We demonstrate that IFC can represent a reliable tool for operator-independent schistocyte quantification with no pre-analytical processing which is of most importance in emergency situations such as TMA. FUNDING: None
Untangling the taxonomy of dahlia mosaic virus
No full textInternational audienceIn this brief note, we review the taxonomic history of dahlia mosaic virus (DMV) and related viruses. DMV is the only officially recognized caulimovirus known to infect dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) plants, although this virus appears to be relatively rare as a pathogen compared to a more recently described but unclassified caulimovirus called dahlia common mosaic virus (DCMV). We have undertaken a new set of analyses to test the hypothesis that DCMV represents a new caulimovirus species whose members infect dahlia, but we ultimately reject this hypothesis. A probable sequencing error was identified in the reference genome sequence of DMV, and consequently, we recommend that an alternative virus isolate be nominated as the exemplar for this species. In accordance with the new binomial nomenclatural system, it is proposed that the virus species be called “Caulimovirus dahliae”
Resiliency of Silica Export Signatures When Low Order Streams Are Subject to Storm Events
No full textInternational audienceSilicon stable isotope ratios (δ30Si) of over 150 stream water samples were measured during seven storm events in six small critical zone observatory (CZO) catchments spanning a wide range in climate (sub-humid to wet, tropical) and lithology (granite, volcanic, and mixed sedimentary). Here we report a cross-site analysis of this dataset to gain insight into stream δ30Si variability across low-order catchments and to identify potential climate (i.e., runoff), hydrologic, lithologic, and biogeochemical controls on observed stream Si chemical and isotopic signatures. Event-based δ30Si exhibit variability both within and across sites (−0.22‰ to +2.27‰) on the scale of what is observed globally in both small catchments and large rivers. Notably, each site shows distinct δ30Si signatures that are preserved even after normalization for bedrock composition. Successful characterization of observed cross-site behavior requires the merging of two distinct frameworks in a novel combined model describing both non-uniform fluid transit time distributions and multiple fractionating pathways in application to low-order catchments. The combined model reveals that site-specific architecture (i.e., biogeochemical reaction pathways and hydrologic routing) regulates stream silicon export signatures even when subject to extreme precipitation events
Threshold constraints on the size, shape and stability of alluvial rivers
No full textInternational audienceThe geometry of alluvial river channels both controls and adjusts to the flow of water and sediment within them. This feedback between flow and form modulates flood risk, and the impacts of climate and land-use change. Considering widely varying hydro-climates, sediment supply, geology and vegetation, it is surprising that rivers follow remarkably consistent hydraulic geometry scaling relations. In this Perspective, we explore the factors governing river channel geometry, specifically how the threshold of sediment motion constrains the size and shape of channels. We highlight the utility of the near-threshold channel model as a suitable framework to explain the average size and stability of river channels, and show how deviations relate to complex higher-order behaviours. Further characterization of the sediment transport threshold and channel adjustment timescales, coupled with probabilistic descriptions of river geometry, promise the development of future models capable of capturing rivers' natural complexity
Respective and combined roles of rhizobia and ectomycorrhizal fungi in the plant growth, symbiotic efficiency, nutrients and metals contents of a leguminous tree species growing on ultramafic soils
No full textAcacia spirorbis subsp. spirorbis Labill. is a widespread tree legume in New Caledonia that establishes mutual symbioses with both N2-fixing rhizobia and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Moreover, A. spirorbis is able to naturally grow on ultramafic soils, characterized by a lack of nutrients but containing toxic concentrations of metals. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the symbiotic efficiency, the plant development, nutrients and metals contents in ultramafic soils. Seedlings of A. spirorbis were grown in the greenhouse on an ultramafic substrate, and inoculated with three strains of Bradyrhizobium sp. and/or with three isolates of the ECM species Pisolithus albus, used alone or in combination. After 12 months of growth, we measured plant biomass, nodulation, mycorrhization, shoot nutrient and metal contents. Our results showed that a single inoculation with P. albus and dual inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. significantly enhanced plant development under ultramafic conditions, with better plant growth, efficient absorption of major nutrients (N, P, K and Ca) and alleviation of Cr and Mn uptake. Symbiotic efficiency was shown to depend on specific combinations of rhizobia and ECM. Interactions between symbionts were detected, with a significant increase in root nodulation in the presence of ECM fungi. We conclude that the rhizobial and fungal symbioses associated with A. spirorbis play a key role in A. spirorbis adaptation to ultramafic conditions by boosting plant development and reducing metal uptake