International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)Not a member yet
12720 research outputs found
Sort by
Chapitre 9 - Étude exploratoire de l’étayage instrumenté dans le domaine de l’éducation à la santé pour des adolescents avec autisme
No full textInternational audienceL’apprentissage du brossage dentaire est un enjeu important de santé publique. La formation des aidants au brossage dentaire est alors essentielle. Cet article s’intéresse aux liens entre étayage ou médiation (Bruner, 1983) et médiatisation de l’activité de brossage via une tablette tactile (Rabardel, 1995), à partir du cadre théorique de Rézeau (2002), dans le champ odontologique auprès d’une population de jeunes avec des TSA. Les analyses portent sur des vidéos de 3 adolescents en situation de brossage dentaire, avec une professionnelle. Les résultats montrent que les pratiques d’étayage de la professionnelle sont très spécifiques au contexte et aux jeunes adolescents. L’outil numérique n’est pas nécessairement utilisé par la professionnelle ou par l’adolescent. Toutefois, après une analyse fine des changements de pratiques d’étayage de la professionnelle, on observe des schémas d’usage du numérique qui impactent la réponse de l’adolescent, et plus largement son apprentissage. En conclusion, les liens entre médiation et médiatisation sont étudiés, et une nouvelle modélisation de ces liens est proposée. Des perspectives pratiques de formation des aidants sont alors discutées
Variability of the Aerosol Content in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere from 2013 to 2019: Evidence of Volcanic Eruption Impacts
No full textInternational audienceThis paper quantifies the tropical stratospheric aerosol content as impacted by volcanic events over the 2013–2019 period. We use global model simulations by the Whole Atmosphere Com- munity Climate Model (WACCM) which is part of the Community Earth System Model version 1.0 (CESM1). WACCM is associated with the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmos- pheres (CARMA) sectional aerosol microphysics model which includes full sulphur chemical and microphysical cycles with no a priori assumption on particle size. Five main volcanic events (Kelud, Calbuco, Ambae, Raikoke and Ulawun) have been reported and are shown to have significantly influenced the stratospheric aerosol layer in the tropics, either through direct injection in this region or through transport from extra-tropical latitudes. Space-borne data as well as ground-based lidar and balloon-borne in situ observations are used to evaluate the model calculations in terms of aer- osol content, vertical distribution, optical and microphysical properties, transport and residence time of the various volcanic plumes. Overall, zonal mean model results reproduce the occurrence and vertical extents of the plumes derived from satellite observations but shows some discrepancies for absolute values of extinction and of stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD). Features of me- ridional transport of the plumes emitted from extra-tropical latitudes are captured by the model but simulated absolute values of SAOD differ from 6 to 200% among the various eruptions. Simulations tend to agree well with observed in situ vertical profiles for the Kelud and Calbuco plumes but this is likely to depend on the period for which comparison is done. Some explanations for the model– measurement discrepancies are discussed such as the inaccurate knowledge of the injection param- eters and the presence of ash not accounted in the simulations
Le comportement financier des ménages face au changement climatique
No full textClimate change brings changes in financial behavior. Households that are the most impacted by climate disruption adopt a strategy of financial behavior change to improve their resilience. Tontine, access to MFIs and VOAMAMI are the preferred ways for vulnerable households to cope. This paper first outlines the resilience capacity of households and provides an analysis of household behavior change to mitigate the effect of climate change.Le changement climatique apporte de changement de comportement au niveau de la finance. Les ménages qui sont les plus impactés par le dérèglement climatique adopte une stratégie de changement de comportement financier pour améliorer leur capacité de résilience. La Tontine, l'accès au IMF et le VOAMAMI sont les pistes privilégiées par les ménages vulnérables pour y faire face. Cet article expose d'abord la capacité de résilience des ménages et apporte une analyse sur le changement de comportement des ménages pour atténuer e l'effet du changement climatique
CoDEC project - Co-construction d'un design énergétique contextuel -> Journée de restitution AAP - Sciences frugales & low-tech - de la MITI du CNRS (13 janvier 2022)
No full textInternational audienceLe projet CoDEC (Co-construction d'un design énergétique contextuel) questionne le régime technologique adapté à une société durable, ainsi que la méthodologie nécessaire pour répondre à ces questionnements. Le formalisme éMergétique est exploré couplé à la démarche techno-critique et réaliste des low-tech. Cette présentation montre les avancées, 1 an aprés le début des travaux
Lava Volume from Remote Sensing Data: Comparisons with Reverse Petrological Approaches for Two Types of Effusive Eruption
No full textco-auteur étrangerInternational audienceFive effusive eruptions of Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion) are analyzed to investigate temporal trends of erupted mass and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Daily SO2 emissions are acquired from three ultraviolet (UV) satellite instruments (the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), and the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)) and an array of ground-based UV spectrometers (Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC)). Time-averaged lava discharge rates (TADRs) are obtained from two automatic satellite-based hot spot detection systems: MIROVA and MODVOLC. Assuming that the lava volumes measured in the field are accurate, the MIROVA system gave the best estimation of erupted volume among the methods investigated. We use a reverse petrological method to constrain pre-eruptive magmatic sulfur contents based on observed SO2 emissions and lava volumes. We also show that a direct petrological approach using SO2 data might be a viable alternative for TADR estimation during cloudy weather that compromises hot spot detection. In several eruptions we observed a terminal increase in TADR and SO2 emissions after initial emission of evolved degassed magma. We ascribe this to input of deeper, volatile-rich magma into the plumbing system towards the end of these eruptions. Furthermore, we find no evidence of volatile excess in the five eruptions studied, which were thus mostly fed by shallow degassed magma
Biorefining of Aucoumea klaineana wood : Impact of Steam explosion on the composition and Ultrastructure the Cell Wall
No full textInternational audienceAucoumea klaineana Pierre (okoumé) is a tropical hardwood used in the timber industry in the Congo area to produce veneers and plywood. This paper described the utilization of sapwood co-products from this industry according to a biorefinery approach to generate both bioethanol and lignin. A batch Steam Explosion (SE) was used as a pretreatment after acid impregnation (H 2 SO 4 0.25 % or 0.50 % w/w) at various pressure (8-19 MPa) and residence times (2.5-7.5 min). The impact of the process was examined at the molecular and parietal scales. The pulp composition was examined in terms of lignin, glucose and xylose content, cellulose crystallinity (CrI %) and degree of polymerization (DP). The conditions of 2 high pretreatment severity led to an almost total xylans removal (residual xylans 80 % with an excellent fermentability into ethanol by S. Cerevisiae. Using these operating conditions, one ton of okoumé sapwood could produce 112 kg of ethanol and 82 kg of high purity lignin
Mesoscale spatio-temporal variability of airborne lidar-derived aerosol properties in the Barbados region during EUREC<sup>4</sup>A
No full textInternational audienceFrom23Januaryto13February2020,20ATR-42scientificflightswereconductedintheframework of the EUREC4A field campaign over the tropical Atlantic, off the coast of Barbados (13◦30′ N, −58◦30′ W). By means of a sideway-pointing lidar, these flights allowed us to retrieve the optical properties of the aerosols found in the sub-cloud layer and below the trade wind inversion. Two distinct periods with significant aerosol contents were identified in relationship with the so-called trade wind and tropical regimes, respectively. For these two regimes, mixings of two air mass types encompassing dust and carbonaceous aerosols have been highlighted. Both were mainly from West Africa with similar optical contributions and linked to dust uptake above Sahara and biomass burning between Guinea-Bissau and Côte d’Ivoire. In the tropical transport regime, the wind within the planetary boundary layer is stronger and favours a contribution of marine aerosols (sulfate and sea salt aerosol components) in shallower aerosol layers than for the trade wind transport regime. The latter is responsible for advecting dust–biomass-burning-aerosol mixtures in the deeper, well-mixed layer, in part due to the complex interactions of the easterly flow from West Africa with mid-latitude dynamics. The aerosol vertical structures appear to be well reproduced using atmospheric composition reanalyses from CAMS when comparing with lidar-derived vertical profiles. The competition between the two types of transport regimes leads to strong heterogeneity in the optical properties of the horizontal aerosol field. Our study highlights the transport regime under which a significant mixture of dust and biomass burning aerosols from West Africa can be observed over the Caribbean and Barbados in particular, namely the trade wind regime
Science paysagère au service de l'observatoire scientifique Sociétés-Milieux en appui à la gestion territoriale
No full textInternational audiencePour mener son action face à une problématique de société, le gestionnaire de territoire doit s’appuyer sur des informations pertinentes dans le temps et l’espace. Les observatoires selon le modèle OSAGE – Observatoire Scientifique en Appui à la GEstion territoriale s'intéressent tout particulièrement aux relations Sociétés-Milieux et peuvent seconder le gestionnaire. Ce travail montre en quoi la méthode OSYPCA d’analyse paysagère et le cadre formel sur lequel elle s’appuie informent sur le milieu et la relation société-milieu et sont utiles aux trois piliers d'un observatoire OSAGE : exigence scientifique, continuité temporelle et ancrage territorial. L’analyse d’une expérience de terrain sur l’île de La Réunion illustre son potentiel à produire une information pertinente même si la connaissance préalable est réduite, à appréhender les dynamiques spatio-temporelles, sans nécessité d’investissements lourds et enfin à mettre en dialogue les disciplines scientifiques entre elles mais aussi les scientifiques avec les acteurs du territoire
Provenance-aware Discovery of Functional Dependencies on Integrated Views
No full textInternational audienceThe automatic discovery of functional dependencies(FDs) has been widely studied as one of the hardest problems in data profiling. Existing approaches have focused on making the FD computation efficient while inspecting single relations at a time. In this paper, for the first time we address the problem of inferring FDs for multiple relations as they occur in integrated views by solely using the functional dependencies of the base relations of the view itself. To this purpose, we leverage logical inference and selective mining and show that we can discover most of the exact FDs from the base relations and avoid the full computation of the FDs for the integrated view itself, while at the same time preserving the lineage of FDs of base relations. We propose algorithms to speedup the inferred FD discovery process and mine FDs on-the-fly only from necessary data partitions. We present InFine(INferred FunctIoNal dEpendency), an end-to-end solution to discover inferred FDs on integrated views by leveraging provenance information of base relations. Our experiments on a range of real-world and synthetic datasets demonstrate the benefits of our method over existing FD discovery methods that need to rerun the discovery process on the view from scratch and cannot exploit lineage information on the FDs. We show that InFine outperforms traditional methods necessitating the full integrated view computation by one to two order of magnitude in terms of runtime. It is also the most memory efficient method while preserving FD provenance information using mainly inference from base table with negligible execution time
Determination of optimum irrigation scheduling for sorghum in Benna-Tsemay Woreda, Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFScarcity of water is the most severe constraint for sustainable development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas. Hence, novel irrigation water application systems need to be developed so that high crop yield and water productivity per unit of land can be increased. Thus, the field experiment was conducted with the objective of determining the effect of different soil moisture depletion levels on yield and water use efficiency of sorghum crop in Benna-Tsemay woreda at Enchete kebele, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2019-2020). It was arranged in RCBD with three replications and treatment was rated for five levels of available soil moisture depletion (ASMD), where T1 = 60%, T2 = 80%, T3 = 100%, T4 = 120%, and T5 = 140% of ASMD. Analysis of variance has shown that yield and water use efficiency of sorghum crop was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by irrigation scheduling. As observed in this study, the most economically attractive and environmentally accepted for small scale farmers with tolerable cost of production and higher net benefit was obtained by application of T3 (100% ASMD) under conventional furrow irrigation system. Therefore, for this particular sorghum crop (teshale variety), it could be concluded that increased water saving and water productivity through irrigation at 100% ASMD under conventional furrow irrigation system can solve the problem of water shortage and would ensure the opportunity of further irrigation development in the study area and similar agro-ecology.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 95-102, Dec 202