International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Interseismic deformation in the Gulf of Aqaba from GPS measurements
No full textInternational audienceAlthough the Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system has been extensively studied in the past, little has been known about the present-day kinematics of its southernmost portion that is offshore in the Gulf of Aqaba. Here, we present a new GPS velocity field based on three surveys conducted between 2015 and 2019 at 30 campaign sites, complemented by 11 permanent stations operating near the gulf coast. Interseismic models of strain accumulation indicate a slip rate of and a locking depth of in the gulf’s northern region. Our results further indicate an apparent reduction of the locking depth from the inland portion of the DST towards its southern junction with the Red Sea rift. Our modelling results reveal a small systematic left-lateral residual motion that we postulate is caused by, at least in part, late post-seismic transient motion from the 1995 MW 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake. Estimates of the moment accumulation rate on the main faults in the gulf, other than the one that ruptured in 1995, suggest that they might be near the end of their current interseismic period, implying elevated seismic hazard in the gulf area
Decennial geomorphic transport from archived time series digital elevation models: a cookbook for tropical and alpine environments
No full textInternational audienc
Market chain analysis of smallholder coffee producers in debub ari district of south omo zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study mainly aimed at analyzing market chain analysis of coffee in the Debub Ari District. The descriptive and S-C-P model was used. Both primary and secondary data were collected from the study area. The multi-stage sampling technique employed for this study. A total of 194 coffee producer household heads have been randomly selected and interviewed with the help of pre-tested structured questionnaire. The focus group discussion and key informants interviews were conducted to supplement the formal data. The results of S-C-P model indicated that the four firms concentration ratio (CR4) result in the study area was found to be tight oligopolistic for both red and dry coffee which accounts 89.2 and 80.0%, respectively. About 72% of price setting was done by buyers, 27% negotiation and 1% by the producers. There are seven market channels, which have been identified in the study area. The computed marketing margin among different actors and channels indicated that the total gross marketing margin (TGMM) of coffee is high in channel I, II, III whereas the producers marketing margin (GMMp) was highest in channel VII. Therefore, the intervention is needed to improve coffee marketing chain through promoting cooperatives, infrastructural development and timely market information for efficient marketing system in the study area.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 61-68, Dec 202
Socioeconomic impact of small-scale irrigation on household’s livelihood improvement in Bena-Tsemay district of South Omo zone, Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFThe study investigated the socioeconomic impacts of irrigated agriculture and factors affecting the decision of agro-pastoralists to participate in irrigation during 2017-2018. The result depends on cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 120 households of which 90 irrigation users and 30 non-users using a combination of purposive and random sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression to assess factors that affect participation in irrigation. The logistic regression model revealed that age, credit access, extension contact, distance to water, and labor force significantly affected the decision of given agro-pastoralists to participate in irrigation practices at less than 5% probability levels. This indicates that the explanatory variables included in the model influence the decision of agro-pastoralists to participate in irrigation practices. Therefore, the provision of credit service to allow rapid progress in introducing technologies like tractors for farming practices and frequent extension contact with irrigation users could enhance the productivity in the area.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 139-146, Dec 202
Nutritional and sensory properties of smoked pork sausage produced with pig stomach as filler-meat
Get PDFThe nutritional and sensory characteristics of processed meat are of major concern to consumers across the globe. This study evaluated nutritional and sensory properties of pork sausages using pig stomach as filler meat. Pig stomach replaced lean pork at 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively to obtain treatments coded as T0, T25, T50, T75 and T100, respectively. The sausages were assessed for acidity, water holding capacity, cooking loss, proximate composition and sensory attributes. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in flavour of sausages in particular; and all other sensory attributes of sausages produced with or without pig stomachs. Treatments T0, T25 and T50 were very similar in most of the sensory properties. Both pH and water holding capacity reduced with increasing levels of pig stomach used, and there were significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments. The results obtained suggest that pig stomach could be used at 50% in smoked pork sausages without adverse effects on nutritional and sensory properties.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 67-71, June 202
Catchment-Scale Architecture of the Deep Critical Zone Revealed by Seismic Imaging
No full textInternational audienceWeathering and erosion processes are crucial to Critical Zone (CZ) evolution, landscape formation and availability of natural resources. Although many of these processes take place in the deep CZ (∼10-100 m), direct information about its architecture remain scarce. Near-surface geophysics offers a cost-effective and minimally intrusive alternative to drilling that provides information about the physical properties of the CZ. We propose a novel workflow combining seismic measurements, petrophysical modelling and geostatistical analysis to characterize the architecture of the deep CZ at the catchment scale, on the volcanic tropical island of Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe, France). With this original workflow, we are for the first time able to jointly produce maps of the water table and the weathering front across an entire catchment, by means of a single geophysical method. This integrated view of the CZ highlights complex weathering patterns that call for going beyond "simple" hillslope CZ models
Quantifying discrepancies in the three-dimensional seasonal variations between IGS station positions and load models
No full textInternational audienceSeasonal deformation related to mass redistribution on the Earth's surface can be recorded by continuous global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and simulated by surface loading models. It has been reported that obvious discrepancies exist in the seasonal deformation between GNSS estimates and modeled loading displacements, especially in the horizontal components. The three-dimensional seasonal deformation of 900 GNSS stations derived from the International GNSS Service (IGS) second reprocessing are compared with those obtained from geophysical loading models. The reduction ratio of the weighted mean amplitude of GNSS seasonal signals induced by loading deformation correction is adopted to evaluate the consistency of seasonal deformation between them. Results demonstrate that about 43% of GNSS-derived vertical annual deformation can be explained by the loading models, while in the horizontal components, it is less than 20%. To explore the remaining GNSS seasonal variations unexplained by loading models, the potential contributions from Inter-AC disagreement, GNSS draconitic errors, regional/local-scale loading and loading model errors are investigated also using the reduction ratio metric. Comparison of GNSS annual signals between each IGS analysis center (AC) and the IGS combined solutions indicate that more than 25% (horizontal) and 10% (vertical) of the annual discrepancies between GNSS and loading models can be attributed to Inter-AC disagreement caused by different data processing software implementations and/or choices of the analysis strategies. Removing the draconitic errors shows an improvement of about ~ 3% in the annual vertical reduction ratio for the stations with more than fifteen years observations. Moreover, significant horizontal discrepancies between GNSS and loading models are found for the stations located in Continental Europe, which may be dominated by the regional/local-scale loading. The loading model errors can explain at least 6% of the remaining GNSS annual variations in the East and Up components. It has been verified that the contribution of thermoelastic deformation to the GNSS seasonal variations is about 9% and 7% for the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Apart from these contributors, there are still ~ 50% (horizontal) and ~ 30% (vertical) of the GNSS annual variations that need to be explained
Plasma microparticles of intubated COVID‐19 patients cause endothelial cell death, neutrophil adhesion and netosis, in a phosphatidylserine‐dependent manner
No full textInternational audienceCOVID-19 has compelled scientists to better describe its pathophysiology to find new therapeutic approaches. While risk factors, such as older age, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, suggest a central role of endothelial cells (ECs), autopsies have revealed clots in the pulmonary microvasculature that are rich in neutrophils and DNA traps produced by these cells, called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs.) Submicron extracellular vesicles, called microparticles (MPs), are described in several diseases as being involved in pro-inflammatory pathways. Therefore, in this study, weanalyzed three patient groups: one for which intubation was not necessary, an intubated group, and one group after extubation. In the most severe group, the intubated group, platelet-derived MPs and endothelial cell (EC)-derived MPs exhibited increased concentration and size, when compared to uninfected controls. MPs of intubated COVID-19 patients triggered EC death and overexpression of two adhesion molecules: P-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Strikingly, neutrophil adhesion and NET production were increased following incubation with these ECs. Importantly, we also found that preincubation of these COVID-19 MPs with the phosphatidylserine capping endogenous protein, annexin A5, abolished cytotoxicity, P-selectin and VCAM- induction, all like increases in neutrophil adhesion and NET release. Taken together, our results reveal that MPs play a key role in COVID-19 pathophysiology and point to a potential therapeutic: annexin A5
L’intégration régionale est-elle un instrument de résilience pour les pays de la CEMAC ?
No full textNote issue d'une présentation faite par l'auteur à la Conférence Internationale sur « Les enjeux et instruments de l’intégration régionale en Afrique Centrale », organisée conjointement par la Ferdi et la Commission de la CEMAC à Libreville les 28 et 29 avril 2022.International audienceLes chocs adverses représentent des défis cruciaux pour les pays engagés dans le processus d’intégration régionale du fait de leurs effets néfastes et, parfois, asymétriques sur les différentes économies. Étant donné que les processus d’intégration régionale influencent le fonctionnement des États, il est indispensable de comprendre comment l'intégration régionale contribue à la résilience de ceux-ci en présence des chocs adverses. Dans cette optique, la Communauté Économique et Monétaire des États de l’Afrique Centrale (CEMAC) constitue un champ d’analyse particulièrement intéressant afin d’examiner la question de la résilience des États membres d’une union économique et monétaire aux chocs extérieurs pour, au moins, trois raisons
Sediment transport models in Generalized shear shallow water flow equations
No full textInternational audienceThe classical sediment transport models based on shallow water equations (SWE) describes the hydro-morphodynamic process without horizontal velocity shear along the vertical and considers that the fluid velocity is equal to sediment velocity. The classical shear shallow water (SSW) with friction and topography source terms assumes that the fluid density is uniform in all the space. Nevertheless, for the coastal flows with sediment transport we are interested in it seems essential to consider these shear effects, the phase lag effect and the nonhomogenous ness of fluid density. In this paper, we develop new sediment transport models incorporating the shear velocity along the vertical, the phase lag effect and the spatial variation of the fluid density. The starting point is the 2D equations for the evolution of mixing quantities and sediment volume rate. These equations describe the motion of fluid mixing in a domain bounded by a dynamical water surface and water bed. Contrary to the classical sediment transport models, the second-order vertical fluctuations of the horizontal velocity are considered. Considering the kinematic conditions on the moving surfaces, we apply an average along the depth on the three-dimensional equations to obtain simplified equations. The resulting model has a wider range of validity and integrates the morphodynamic processes proposed in the literature. The proposed mathematical derivation is in the context of recent developments with the additional presence of sediment and a dynamic bed